Later generations have many poems that remember Zhuge Liang, and their masterpieces are frequent, du Fu's "Shu Xiang", "Eight Arrays", Luo Yin's "Chip Pen Yi", etc. are all popular among the population, and the golden sentences are deaf and deaf.
As a national hero, the Southern Song Dynasty Minister Wen Tianxiang was dwarfed by Zhuge Liang in terms of being cherished by posterity, and was much inferior. Occasionally, the poems of later generations are mostly mediocre.
The reason for this is that Wen Tianxiang was praised by posterity for his loyalty to the imperial court, strict adherence to the great righteousness of Confucianism, and personal practice of benevolence and righteousness. However, at the time when the Southern Song Dynasty was about to fall, Wen Tianxiang's deeds in terms of merit, strategy, and military were actually lackluster, so posterity had "sad wen and faithful loyalty, but regretted his talent is not called also", that is to say, Wen Tianxiang was bold and loyal, but only then did it come. Compared with Zhuge Liang's strategy of dividing the world into three parts, governing the Shu kingdom, and the Wenzhi martial arts of the Pingnan Northern Expedition, there is a lot of hard materials, and posterity wants to praise Wen Tianxiang is also a cook for a woman without rice.
Another reason is that After Wen Tianxiang was captured for a long time, he did not die and did not surrender, and his traces were also quite suspicious. At that time, the mood of the remnants of the Southern Song Dynasty was, Wen Tianxiang, you either die quickly, we canonize you into a god, or surrender to the Yuan Dynasty, we degrade you into a ghost, grinding and chirping, what is the matter? At that time, some people even wrote Wen Tianxiang's sacrifice text to promote his rapid death. In the eyes of the moralist, this is also the white flaw on Wen Tianxiang's body.
Yu Ji was a descendant of Yu Yunwen, the Chancellor of the Southern Song Dynasty, who was born out of the Yuan Dynasty after the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty, and was also one of the four great masters of the Yuan Dynasty.
Yu Ji and Wen Tianxiang chose a different path, but Yu Ji's "Bang Wen Shan Xiang Xiang" discusses things and comments on justice, so posterity recommends this poem "Bang Wen Shan Poem, this is the first".
"Bang Man Shan Xiang Xiang"
The disciples pulled Jingo down, and the south crown was helpless to blow the north wind.
The sub-room was originally Han Qiu out, and Zhuge Ning knew that Han Zuo had moved.
The cloud dark Dinghu Dragon went far away, and the Moon Minghua Watch Crane returned late.
There is no need to look at the new pavilion, it is better than when the tears were shed before.
Appreciation:
Wen Tianxiang is called Wenshan, so it is called Wenshan Cheng Xiang, Taiwanese lyricist Fang Wenshan, perhaps named after it.
"Jin Ge Bang Luohui" uses the allusion of the Duke of Luyang, the prince of the Chu state in the early Warring States period, luyang gong was the first master of geshu at that time, and the fiefdom of Luyang was in the south of present-day Henan, which was the forefront of the struggle between the chu state and the three Jins for hegemony. "Huainan Zi • Lan Meditation": "Luyang Gong and Han Shu are in trouble, the war is in full swing, the sun is twilight, the aid is for Ge and the retreat, and the sun is against the three houses." Later used as a metaphor for manpower victory over heaven.
"The disciples will pull Jin Ge to the sun" means that Wen Tianxiang has the heart to return to heaven, but in the end he cannot win the heavens like Lu Yanggong. It was as if Qi Tongwei also wanted to "win the heavens and half a son", and in the end he could not catch it.
The "Southern Crown" is the head crown of the Chu State in the Spring and Autumn Period, using the allusion of the Chu State Bell Yi, which is used to refer to the "Left Transmission", which refers to prisoners. "The southern crown is helpless to blow the northern wind" means that Wen Tianxiang eventually became a prisoner of the Yuan Dynasty and was detained in the north.
"Zifang was originally a Han vendetta", using the Han Dynasty Zhang Liangshi code. Zhang Liangzu was a Korean nobleman, and Zhang Liang's original intention of rebelling against the Qin state was to revive Korea, but the situation was different, although the Qin Dynasty was eventually overthrown, and Zhang Liang's goal of reviving Korea could not be achieved. Yu Ji means that Wen Tianxiang wanted to turn the tide, and the ambitions of the Zhongxing Southern Song Dynasty were always disappointed.
"Zhuge Ning zhi Han Zuo shift", using the Three Kingdoms Zhuge Liang's canon. Zhuge Liang devoted his life to restoring Han Ye, who could have imagined that after his death, Shu Han would be destroyed first.
"The sub-house was originally a vendetta for Han, Zhuge Ning knew that Han Zuo was moving", in the face of national difficulties, the important thing is how to face it, strive to fight, and practice their ambitions, as for the result, sometimes it is not human beings who can determine. Wen Tianxiang had at least achieved this, and was worthy of his true character of being loyal to the king and patriotic.
"Dinghu Dragon Goes" and "Ding Cheng Long Goes", using the Yellow Emperor's code, which means that the emperor died. "Huabiao Crane Gui" uses Ding Lingwei's canon, which means that after a long absence, things are not people. "The cloud dark Dinghu dragon went far away, and the moon Minghua watched the crane return late", Yu Ji said: The Southern Song Dynasty will eventually escape the fate of extinction, if Wen Tianxiang can come back again after being as multifaceted as Ding Lingwei, he will find that the human world has long been a thing and a person.
"Xinting", from the "World Speaks New Language", is often used "Xinting Tears", "Xinting Weeping", "Xinting Weeping" refers to the sad and indignant mood when nostalgic for the homeland or the country is sad. "There is no need to go to the new pavilion, it is better to shed tears before", Yu Ji said: The Southern Song Dynasty has been destroyed for many years, the people have gradually forgotten the grace of the Song Dynasty, they have become accustomed to the rule of the new dynasty, and now people no longer have a sad and indignant heart for the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty, unlike the people who fell to the country at the time of Wen Tianxiang.
When the Southern Song Dynasty fell, Yu Ji was a few years old, Yu Ji was in the Yuan Dynasty, and as a Han Chinese heart, there may be regrets about the destruction of the Southern Song Dynasty, but there is no bone-chilling pain.
Later generations spoke highly of Yu Ji's poem, and Tao Zongyi of the Ming Dynasty wrote in his "Record of Quitting Cultivation": "Those who read this poem without weeping are few Xi". Gu Kuiguang's "Selected Poems of the Yuan" said: "Intentional, qi, god; Bang Wen Shan poem, this is the first. ”
The same Yuanren poem "The young people are still here today, don't be sad people don't know", the Yuan Dynasty Han people mostly hid helplessness and loss in their hearts.