The Paper, Du Haiyan, Wang Yasai
According to Maoyan real-time data, as of 7 p.m. on April 13, the movie "My Sister" was released for 12 days, and the box office exceeded 682 million, becoming the dark horse of the Qingming file.
The film focuses on the "sister", through the different encounters and choices of enron and aunt's two generations of sisters, to present this large but long-neglected group.
Sample survey: 4 out of every 10 rural girls are sisters
As early as 1979, China began to implement the family planning policy, and after 1982, family planning was set as the basic national policy. In the cities, it is still basically maintained that a pair of parents only have one child, and the countryside is relatively relaxed. In 1984, the state revised the family planning policy, and some rural areas began to implement a flexible family planning policy, allowing the birth of a second child after a few years apart if the first child was a girl.
Judging from the data, the phenomenon of multiple children in rural areas is still widespread, and most of them are sisters.
Professor Zhang Kezhong of Huazhong University of Science and Technology and others surveyed about 18,900 children from rural families and found that the proportion of rural girls with younger brothers reached 41.4%, which means that on average, 4 out of every 10 rural girls in the sample have younger brothers.
The data also show that the proportion of men in the sample with older siblings is smaller than that of older siblings.
So what does it mean to be a girl in the family?
Who among siblings can get resources? Who can flow upwards?
Qian Zhongshu mentioned in the "Siege of the City", "The Portuguese have a proverb that says: 'If a child is born with good luck, the first child will be a woman.' Because the girl grew up, she could do odd jobs, take care of her younger siblings, and before she married, her parents saved the next maid's wages. ”
Li Lihua, a master's degree from Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, used the Results of the China Family Tracking Survey (CFPS) to confirm that family resources have certain preferences.
This large sample data study was initiated by Peking University. The project collects data at the individual, family, and community levels, which helps us to observe the changes in China's society, economy, population, education and health.
The chart below shows the number of years of education of individuals by number of siblings. It can be seen that the number of compatriots has a squeezing effect on family education resources. With the increase in the number of compatriots, the more obvious the squeeze on family education resources, the lower the level of education of individuals. This situation is particularly acute among women.
In terms of gender, girls generally have a lower level of education than men. At the same time, when the number of brothers increases, women's educational level declines even more than the number of sisters.
It is worth noting, however, that the increase in the number of sisters has not had a significant impact on the number of years of schooling for men. Boys with no less than 4 sisters have been educated for years, and even slightly higher than boys with 3 sisters. The researchers point out that the reason for this is likely to be that in rural multi-girl families, parents will choose to let girls give up schooling in order to obtain more educational resources for the boys in the family.
"I give priority to my son for everything, you don't have to think about it", "Girls don't have to read so many books", the blunt lines in the movie sting everyone, but they truly reflect the ideas of some parents in real life.
Education now plays an increasingly important role in determining opportunities for individual life.
The question of "who can move upwards" among siblings is essentially the question of "who can get education", Ye Hua mentioned when studying the topic of gender education.
Also derived from the statistical analysis of the above-mentioned China Household Tracking Survey (CFPS) 2010 baseline survey, the average income of women is lower than that of men in terms of individual gender, and the impact of the number of compatriots on women's income is more prominent.
From the perspective of family gender structure, the more brothers, the lower the income of the individual. For each increase in the number of brothers, the average income level of individuals decreased by 4246.9 yuan, while for each increase in the number of sisters, the average income of individuals decreased by 3151.0 yuan.
Of course, there are many factors affecting income, in addition to educational opportunities that change with the situation of compatriots, there may also be the age group of the sample, household registration status, etc. However, in this research paper, the researchers considered these factors and conducted a correlation analysis of the impact of the number of siblings and the structure of siblings on individual income, and found that boys in the family were more likely to achieve intergenerational upward mobility than girls.
Since 1950, the gender bias in basic education has gradually broken
In 2011, Social Sciences published a research paper on gender education inequality in China at different times. Since 1950, people's access to education has increased over time, and the younger generation has more educational resources than the older generation. The number of years of schooling between men and women is also gradually narrowing, and the gender gap in the number of years of education is narrowing.
It can be expected that with the development of the economy, with the blessing of family planning and compulsory education, women's knowledge and experience are growing, opportunities are increasing, and their status is also improving.
In 2016, China once again adjusted its population policy, and the "comprehensive two-child" was officially implemented. In families with many children, between parents and children, and between brothers and sisters, how to deal with and treat them deserves our attention and thinking.
From the aunt who gave up compromise to the enron who was unwilling to struggle, the sister still appeared, but the nesting doll did not have to be put into the same condom.
Editor-in-Charge: Lu Yan
Proofreader: Ding Xiao