Zhao Yiman
Zhao Yiman with his son
In the era when the Communist Party of China led the people in bloody struggle, a large number of female heroes emerged. In the past, on the anti-Japanese battlefield in northeast China, there was a famous female hero, and even the enemy and fake newspapers marveled at her heroic posture of "red guns and white horses." She is Zhao Yiman, who Guo Moruo praised as "Willing to Fertilize China with Blood".
■ The masses affectionately called her "Skinny Li" and "Sister Li," and the soldiers called her "our female political commissar."
■ Before the public execution, the enemy tied her to a carriage and paraded her to the streets, and she sang the "Red Flag Song" all the way, and many people along the way were moved to tears, and she was only 31 years old at the time of righteousness
Zhao Yiman, formerly known as Li Kuntai, milk name Shuduan, scientific name Li Shuning, also known as Li Yichao, was born in 1905 to a small landlord family in northern Yibin County, Sichuan. When she was 8 years old, she entered a private school, and when she was 10 years old, her mother would wrap her feet and wear her ears and eyes according to the local custom, but whether she reprimanded or scolded, she resolutely refused. She washed her feet in front of everyone, which was considered offensive at the time.
During the May Fourth Movement, Zhao Yiman was influenced by revolutionary ideas. In 1924, the eldest brother-in-law, Zheng Youzhi, introduced her to join the Socialist Youth League. In the summer of 1926, he joined the Communist Party and served as a women's commissar of the Yibin Prefectural Committee of the Communist Youth League and an acting women's minister of the county Kuomintang Party Department.
In the summer of 1927, when the Wuhan government was anti-communist, she moved to Shanghai, where she went to study at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, and married her classmate Chen Dabang (Chen Dabang) the following year. In the winter of 1928, due to illness and pregnancy, she was transferred back to China and went to Yichang, Shanghai, Nanchang and other places to do underground work.
In the spring of 1932, she was sent to work in the northeast region, renamed Zhao Yiman, and successively led the workers' struggle in Fengtian (Shenyang) and Harbin. The following year, in order to cover her identity, she had a false husband and wife with Lao Cao, the head of the Manchurian Federation of Trade Unions.
In July 1934, she went to the anti-Japanese guerrilla zone east of Harbin as a member of the Zhuhe Central County Committee and later as the secretary of the Zhuhe District Party Committee. In the autumn of 1935, she also served as the political commissar of the 2nd Regiment of the 1st Division of the 3rd Army of the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army, and was affectionately called "our female political commissar" by local fighters.
In the guerrilla zone, Zhao Yiman had very close relations with the masses. She suffers from pneumonia, her body is weak, and she is pseudonymized as Li Yichao, and she is affectionately called "Thin Li" and "Sister Li" by the villagers.
In November 1935, her troops were surrounded by Japanese puppet troops, and she asked the regimental commander to lead the breakthrough, serving as a cover herself, and was wounded by a bullet in her left wrist. She was found by the enemy in the village to recuperate from her wounds, and when she rose up to meet the battle, her left thigh bone was pierced by a bullet, and she was arrested for bleeding too much and was unconscious. She was taken to the Harbin Pseudo-Binjiang Provincial Police Department for several coma after being sentenced, but she remained unyielding.
When her life was in danger, Rikou was worried that she would not be able to confess when she died, so she was sent to the Harbin Municipal First Hospital for surveillance and treatment. Dong Xianxun, the puppet Manchu policeman in charge of guarding her, and Han Yongyi, a female nurse at the hospital, were touched by her bravery, and listened to her propaganda to resist Japan and save the country, and resolved to join the anti-Japanese coalition team. With the help of the two, she escaped from Harbin on the night of June 28, 1936, and headed in the direction of the anti-Japanese guerrilla zone.
The pseudo-mounted police team caught up with the carriage they were riding in in the early hours of the third day, and Zhao Yiman was arrested again. The enemy tortured her repeatedly for a month, and she angrily rebuked the enemy: "You can turn the whole village into rubble, you can chop people into mud, but you can't destroy the faith of the Communists!" ”
On August 1, 1936, the enemy took her to Zhuhe County and paraded her in a horse-drawn carriage before the public execution. She sang "Red Flag Song" all the way, and many people along the way were moved to tears, and she was only 31 years old when she was righteous.
■ The woman with the "red gun and white horse" who was also amazed by the Japanese pseudo-newspapers was not a superman, but a tidal wave child launched in the torrent of revolution
When Zhao Yiman was in the Zhuhe guerrilla zone, the puppet Harbin newspaper published a report entitled "Zhao Yiman, the female leader of the communist bandits, is rampant in the Hadong area with red guns and white horses." Although there were many slanderous and untrue remarks, it also described her as divine. In fact, Zhao Yiman is an emaciated and sick woman from the appearance, but the revolutionary era has given her an incomparably strong will. As the first generation of female party members of the Communist Party of China, Zhao Yiman took a road of rushing out of the feudal family, entering the school to accept new ideas, studying abroad, and returning to China to engage in revolutionary activities.
Her father died when she was 13 years old, and her brother-in-law controlled her in many ways. In order to avoid trouble, the brother-in-law burned the progressive books she had collected and prepared to marry her off.
Outraged, she issued a declaration of separation from the family in the Women's Weekly in August 1924 under the name "Yi Chao". Zhao Yiman then joined the party and became the first batch of girls in the military academy.
■ Her mother wanted to use her as a female red to collect Zhao Yiman's heart, and she did not pick out a single flower in 9 months, but read a lot of revolutionary books
■ The feudal principal asked the students to tie the bun, and Zhao Yiman led several female classmates to find the principal: "We can't comb our heads, we can't pull the bun, please comb it, give it a bun!" ”
When Zhao Yiman was a teenager, he rebelled against feudal customs in his hometown. Not only did she not wrap her feet, but she used a kitchen knife to chop up shrouds and small pointed shoes, but also organized the "Women's Liberation League", which soon reached 180 members. They put up slogans in the downtown area, drew cartoons, and drew the squires as foxes and devils.
The local feudal forces hated Zhao Yiman and others to the bone, threatening to splash them with dung. Her mother once wanted to use the method of being a female red to restrain Zhao Yiman's heart and let her learn to pick flowers (embroidery), but she did not pick out a flower in 9 months, but read a lot of revolutionary books.
During the period of study at Yibin Girls' High School, it is stipulated that all girls' school students must wear buns. Zhao Yiman led several female classmates to the principal (supervisor) and said: "We can't comb our heads, we can't pull the bun, please comb it and give it a bun!" ”
The headmaster, known for his Taoism, was momentarily embarrassed. Subsequently, Zhao Yiman and his classmates took out the prepared scissors and cut their own short hair, which resulted in being expelled from the school.
During the Great Revolution, Zhao Yiman joined the girls' team of the Wuchang Central Military Academy and became one of the first female military cadets in modern China. Soon, Xia Douyin launched a mutiny attack on Wuhan, and the cadets were organized into an independent division and set out to the west under the command of Ye Ting. Lying on the hospital bed, Zhao Yiman struggled to get up and took the illness into battle. She wrote in a poem: "If the boys are all good, why are the women so different?" ”
When she was serving as the regimental commissar in the anti-coalition team, the team was surrounded by enemies, and the regimental commander did not agree to let her stay cover, on the grounds that she was a female comrade. Zhao Yiman, who usually treats comrades very kindly, became very strict: "What a man or a woman!" Whoever said lesbians can't cover up! ”
Many gay men were touched by it.
■ The Japanese agent in charge of the interrogation was so ashamed and angry that he used a bamboo stick to nail slit in her nail and poked Zhao Yiman's wound with a whip, causing her to pass out several times
■ The suicide note left for his son is full of emotion and tears
After Zhao Yiman was injured and arrested and released to Harbin, the police leaders of Rikou and Pseudo-Manchu immediately interrogated her. At this time, the blood from her wounds was soaking through the cotton coat, and she still gushed out the atrocities of the Japanese invasion of northeast China. The Japanese agent in charge of the interrogation was so ashamed and angry that he used a bamboo stick to nail into the slit of her fingernails and poked Zhao Yiman's wound with a whip, causing her to pass out several times.
Rikou sent her to the hospital, the injury was just a little, Rikou interrogated her again in front of the hospital bed, Zhao Yiman was still not real, Rikou punched and kicked, her wound ruptured again, and she passed out again. Medical staff, including even the police officers guarding her, admired her.
Before Zhao Yiman's sacrifice, what he missed most was his son Zhao Yexian. When she was about to give birth, she was doing underground work in Yichang, giving birth to the child in a half-brick house of a kind woman. On the way to Find the Party Organization in Shanghai, she was penniless, carrying her children all the way to beg for food, suffering so much hardship that she almost sold her children on the streets of Shanghai.
The day before Zhao Yiman's execution, he wrote a suicide note to "Ning Er", which made people cry: "Mother is really sorry that you have not fulfilled your responsibility for education. Because my mother resolutely waged the struggle against Manchuria and Japan, today she has reached the eve of sacrifice. Hope you, Ning'er! Hurry up adults and come and comfort your underground mother! When you grow up, hopefully don't forget that your mother died for your country! ”