The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Revolution led by Hong Xiuquan was a magnificent and huge-scale peasant revolution in China's modern history; it persisted in fighting for 14 years, and its power developed into 18 provinces, swept through most of China, dealt a heavy blow to Chinese and foreign reactionary forces, and wrote a brilliant page in China's modern history. However, after the establishment of the capital Tianjing, Hong Xiuquan was blinded by the victory, lived in simplicity, did not think of making progress, and indulged in religious superstitions, ignored the government and politics, and deepened contradictions with other leaders. During the Tianjing Incident, he mishandled it, which severely weakened the taiping heavenly kingdom, and with Hong Xiuquan's death, the taiping heavenly kingdom finally failed.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the family lineage of Hong Xiuquan and Hong Renjie</h1>
Hong Xiuquan, the Heavenly King of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, was the twenty-eighth grandson of Hong Pu, the grandson of Hong Shi. According to the qianlong first year of the Qing Dynasty, Hong Zhongming of Jiaying Prefecture (Mei County) in Guangdong Province, "Chronicles of the Lineage", said: Hong Shi's son, Fan, moved to The new king of Jing County, Anhui Province, Xiangli, the eldest son of Pu, and the Southern Song Dynasty Emperor Gaozong was a lieutenant in Jinjiang, Fujian, and then moved to Jinjiang County. During the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, Hong Shi, was rich and famous in literature. There were twenty-four of them, including Hong Qi, who was the head of the Criminal Prison Department on Jiangnan West Road; Hong Qi, who was in charge of the office affairs of the Criminal Prison Department on Jiangnan West Road; Hong Ling, who was in charge of the office of the Tea Salt Division on Jinghu South Road; Hong Li, who was in charge of the office of The Zhiruichang County; Hong Li, who was the secretary of the Jiankang Prefecture Household Department; Hong Jun, who was the judge of the Hanyang Army; Hong Qiao, Hong Jun, Hong, hong, Hong, hong
Pu's 10th grandson, Hong Guisheng, moved from Quanzhou to Buxin Township in Haiyang County, the capital of Chaozhou (present-day Tangtian Buxin Township, Fengshun County). Pu Shengzi Yuanda, Yuanda Shengzi Nian Jiu, Nian Jiu and Zi Heng moved from Bu Xin Township to Jiaying Prefecture Stone Pit, equivalent to the Ming Jingtai period. It was passed down to Yansan, and then moved from Shikeng to Guanlu Village in Huaxian County, and the family was rich.
From Guisheng to the seventeenth generation of Hong Jingyang, he married his wife Wang shi and had three sons: Renfa, Renda, and Renkun, and Renkun was Hong Xiuquan. Hong Xiuquan has a brother named Hong Renjie, 9 years younger than Hong Xiuquan, the two families are connected by lanes, and the two have a deep friendship. He has been studying diligently since he was a child, but his fate, like Hong Xiuquan, has not been able to obtain a meritorious name. Hong Renjie did not recover his heart, and while he was working as a school teacher in the township, he wanted to take the meritorious name.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > uprising and flight</h1>
In 1843, Hong Xiuquan began to establish the Worship of God Society, and he first impressed the 21-year-old Hong Rengui to join the Worship of God with Hong Xiuquan's military master Feng Yunshan, who each wrote a confession and burned it to tell God, and Hong Rengui became one of the earliest members. In January 1851, Hong Xiuquan led an uprising in Jintian Village, Guiping County, Guangxi, against Manchu rule and oppression. At this time, Hong Renjie was unable to reach Jintian due to the opposition of his family. In March of the same year, Hong Xiuquan was proclaimed The Heavenly King in Dongxiang, Wuxuan County, and established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. His brother Hong Renfa was then crowned King of An, and Renda was made King of Fu.
After that, Hong Xiuquan sent people to Hua County, Guangzhou, many times to meet Hong Rengui, and Hong Rengui and the people who came to greet him launched an uprising, but the uprising was tragically lost, and Hong Rengui was also captured by the Qing court. In April 1852, Hong Renjie fled to Hong Kong, during which time he returned to Guangdong to look for the Taiping Army, but eventually returned without success.
In March 1853, Hong Xiuquan was set in Nanjing, and the cause of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was also booming, and Hong Renjie decided to return to his hometown again. In April of the following year, he returned to Shanghai and prepared to go to Tianjing. However, due to the Qing government's strict interrogation and control of going to the areas ruled by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and Hong Renjie was once a fugitive prisoner, he once again defected to no avail. In the winter, Hong Had to return to Hong Kong again.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the influence of the New Chapter of Senior Administration</h1>
In April 1859, Hong Finally came to Tianjing from Hong Kong. On May 11, Hong Xiuquan made his cousin, who had been reunited for a long time, the King of Gan, the prime minister. Soon, in order to cope with the chaotic crisis situation after the Tianjing Incident, Hong Renjie proposed a reform plan that coordinated the overall situation- "New Chapter of Senior Administration".
The "New Chapter of Senior Administration" advocates from four aspects: First, the political aspect advocates the unification of government decrees and the rule of law; the provinces set up press officers to listen to public opinion and set up a public election officer history box. Second, the economic aspect advocates learning from the West and developing industry and commerce; rewarding technological inventions and establishing insurance. Third, the cultural and educational aspects oppose superstition, advocate running schools, hospitals, and setting up charities; crack down on human trafficking and drug control. Fourth, the diplomatic side advocates trade, cultural exchanges, and equal exchanges with foreign countries, but foreign countries are not allowed to interfere in China's internal affairs.
The "New Chapter of Senior Administration" is a plan for the development of capitalism proposed in China, which conforms to the law of social development at that time. However, because they could not get the response of the taiping heavenly kingdom generals, they did not implement it at all, so it did not help the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
On October 25, 1864, after the fall of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Manchu Qing court wantonly maimed the Hong people in Guanlu Village, Hua County, most of whom fled to various places. For example, Zhi Yang, Guang Yang, Yan Yang, Jiu Yang, Xin Yang, Qi, and other uncles of Hong Xiu's whole house, they avoided living in Qingyuan County, Yi Yang avoided living in Zhengjing Village in Hua County, and some fled to all parts of Nanyang and Honolulu and San Francisco in the United States to organize secret societies - the Triad Association, the Three Points Society, and the Hongmen Society.