In the Three Kingdoms era, it can be said that the crowd rises together, and the junjie flocks to the galaxy. Throughout China's history, only the Spring and Autumn Warring States and the Chu and Han Dynasties can be compared with it, and the others are too inferior, as for the five Hu Sixteen Kingdoms, the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms and other periods of equal division, most of them are mediocre people who bite dogs. This topic is thought-provoking.
In the Three Kingdoms era, he Jin's killing of the eunuch clique was not successful, Yuan Shao led troops into the palace to sweep away the ten permanent attendants, Dong Zhuo entered the capital as the beginning, and for decades the dragons fought and fought, and the situation changed, forming a situation in which the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu, and Wu were established. But the one who ended the Three Kingdoms was an old nerd with no chicken power, Tan Zhou.
In 263 AD, the sixth year of The Shu Han Jingyao, in the winter, Deng Ai crossed the mountains and mountains, conquered Jiangyou, re-entered Yinping, and whipped Chengdu. At this time, the main force of Shu Han, led by Jiang Wei, was confronting Zhong Hui in the Sword Pavilion. Liu Chanjun was in a mess. Some people suggested staying in Eastern Wu to the east, and some people suggested going south to temporarily live in ethnic minority areas. Guanglu Doctor Zhou, who usually did not speak much, suddenly stepped forward, permeated with words, gushed endlessly, and published a "surrender theory" that has been passed down through the ages.
"Since ancient times, those who have not sent other countries as the Son of Heaven have now entered Wu and should surrender." And if the political reason is not different, then the big can swallow the small, and this number is natural. In this way, Wei can merge with Wu, and Wu cannot merge with Wei Mingyi. Etc. for the small subject, which is the big? What is the shame of another humiliation? And if you want to run to the south, you should plan it early, and then you can bear fruit; now that the great enemy is near, the disaster is about to be destroyed, the hearts of the small people, there is no one to protect, and the day when the fear is full, its changes will be unpredictable, why should it be in the south? ”
This means that if we surrender to the State of Wu today, it is equivalent to surrendering to the State of Wu, and when the State of Wu is destroyed by the State of Wei, we will surrender the State of Wei again, surrender twice, and suffer humiliation twice, so it is better to surrender once. As for fleeing south, it is even more unworkable, usually it is okay, the southern tribes will rebel, let alone now? I'm afraid that before I run south, the chaos has begun.
Tan Zhou's analysis of this situation does make some sense. The main army is still far from being rescued, Zhuge Zhan's blockade of Deng Ai has been completely destroyed, Chengdu has no defended army, fleeing east or south is not a good way, if you don't escape, Chengdu will be in chaos first. So the best policy is surrender.
Someone asked, what if Deng Ai did not allow him to surrender? Yu Zhou said with deep certainty that it was impossible that the State of Wu had not yet submitted to the State of Wei and did not allow the State of Shu to surrender, did not it stop the thoughts of the State of Wu? If the State of Wei could not divide the emperor into land and enfeoff, "Zhou please go to Kyoto and fight with ancient righteousness." I am willing to personally run to the capital of the State of Wei, know the ancient righteousness, and will definitely save the life of the emperor, and I can also make you a marquis.
After some eloquence, no one in the court could overthrow Yu Zhou, so Liu Chan did not make any resistance and obediently handed over the splendid rivers and mountains to Sima Zhao. The Shu Kingdom officially came to an end, and the Three Kingdoms era ended.
When Liu Beisan took care of Maolu and Zhuge Liang came out of the mountain, Sima Hui, the water mirror, thought that the overall situation had been decided. In fact, Zhuge Liang's seven out of the Praying Mountain, And Jiang Wei's nine expeditions to the Central Plains, could not succeed. With the population, land, financial resources, and military strength of the Shu state, they are not on the same level as Cao Wei in the Central Plains, according to Zhuge Liang's logic, if you don't attack him, he will attack you, even if the Northern Expedition is not successful, at least you can protect yourself.
But according to the logic of The Week, it is another matter, just as a person who lives a hundred years old is also dead, and a person who lives at the age of thirty is also dead, and it is better to die that night than to die early.
I have always suspected that Yu Zhou accepted a bribe from Wei Guo and had already hooked up with Wei Guo, otherwise how could a great Confucian throw out a large paragraph of "surrender theory" with strict logic and clear thinking at a critical moment, regardless of his honor?
Cha Chen zhou, this person, has always been a nerd. Born in the family of scholars, his father was good at governing Shangshu, and Tan Zhou grew up "Tan Gu Du Xue" and liked to drill into books to find fun, and "Tan Zhou laughed alone" is this scene. It is said that he had read all the books in Shuzhong and was good at astronomy. When he grew up, the positions held by Tan Zhou were all marginal positions such as persuasion and prince servant, and never entered the core of government affairs. However, he always held an opposing attitude toward the Northern Expedition, and also wrote the "Theory of National Hatred", believing that the Northern Expedition was laborious and hurt money. It seems that this theory of demotion still has roots.
How could such a marginal person suddenly emerge to dominate the fate of the Shu Kingdom? He was not afraid that Liu Chan would cut him? The history books record that he was close to the eunuch Huang Hao. Huang Hao harmed many loyal liangs, but only let go of Tan Zhou, and the reason for this was that Chen Shou's "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" was also unknown. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms records: The Lord of the Later Dynasty was about to surrender from Zhou's words; a person turned out from behind the screen and scolded Zhou Yue in a loud voice: "How can you discuss the major affairs of the society in vain!" Since ancient times, there has been a descendant of heavenly sons! "Later, the lord regarded it as liu chenye, the fifth son of the king of the northern lands.
Chen Yue: "In the past, when the emperor was in Japan, He Zhou did not try to pre-state affairs; now he is discussing important matters in vain, and he is talking nonsense, which is not even reasonable." There are still tens of thousands of soldiers in Chengdu; Jiang Wei's whole division is in the Sword Pavilion, and if he knows that Wei Bing has committed a crime, he will come to the rescue: internal and external attacks can be greatly rewarded. How can we listen to the words of corrupt Confucianism and lightly abolish the foundation of the previous emperors? ”
Liu Chen was furious and rushed to the crown. You are not qualified to participate in political affairs in ordinary times, and today you actually jumped out to advocate surrender, with ulterior motives!
Liu Chen finally killed his wife with his own hands, and then crashed to death in front of the temple tablet of Emperor Liu Beizong, which also saved a little face for the Liu family.
According to the situation at that time, in addition to surrender, there were two ways to resist and escape. Perhaps the indigenous forces in Shu directly kidnapped Liu Chan and dedicated them to Deng Ai. Perhaps with the strength of Chengdu to resist to the end, Jiang Wei's aid division killed and lifted the siege of Chengdu. The confrontation between the three countries will be extended for a longer period of time. In any case, the most shameful and pathetic thing is to surrender without a fight. Liu Xuande parasitized gongsun zan, Lü Bu, Cao Cao, and Liu Biao, and finally seized the territory of shuzhong and was ceded by Liu Adou.
Of course, just as Liu Zhang surrendered to Liu Bei, the people of Shuzhong were fortunate to be spared the scourge of war. Liu Chan also died well. It looked like a good ending. But this shame and nest is deeply engraved on the monument of history and cannot be erased.
Later, For his "national merits", He was given the title of Marquis of Yangcheng Pavilion. It was even more suspicious that he had long been bribed by Wei Guo. A giant Confucian, known for surrender, has gone down in history, and some people from generation to generation can't help but spit and scold. Of course, there was another one during the Three Kingdoms period, the giant Confucian Zhang Zhao, who instigated Sun Quan to surrender before the Chibi War. Fortunately, Lu Su and Zhou Yu resolutely fought. Otherwise, the Three Kingdoms would be over before they even began.
Most of the people who surrendered at the critical moment were Confucian readers, and there were also huge theories, and the reasoning was very loud.
Pei Songzhi of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms directly quotes the annotations of Sun Qi and Sun Sheng. Sun Qi: "Tan Zhou said that after the Lord descended to Wei, can you?" A: What a shame to beg for your life for the Son of Heaven! If the husband dies for the society, he dies, and if he dies for the society, he dies. The usurpation of the ancestors of The Emperor Zhengwei is not the same as that of heaven. Pushing too much of his father, bowing down and vengeance, can be described as a survival, is not the way to live in the right way! ”
Sun Sheng: "Zhou is said to be the king of the ten thousand multipliers who secretly give birth to life and avoidance, and the death ceremony is Xili, and he wants to be slightly prosperous and confused." And in terms of the situation, there is no end to it. Zen is both the Lord of Min, zhou shi chen, Fang Zhi Shen Bao, Tian Dan, Fan Li, Dafu seed, not far away! ”
The Tang Dynasty poet Luo Yin has a poem "ChipPing Pen Yi",
"Throwing Nanyang as the main worry, the Northern Expedition to the East to make good money."
When the heavens and the earth work together, the heroes are not free.
The Thousand Mile Mountain River is light, and the two dynasties crown swords hate Zhou.
Only the amorous water under the remaining rocks, like a year-round flow. ”
Forever nailed the nerd to the pillar of shame.