The "History of Song" is similar to the "Biography of the Traitor", and many of its contents come from wild history novels, and out of the mouth of the opponents, they do not ask whether things are right or wrong, and they are all degraded. For example, in the Battle of Ezhou, Yun Xiangdao privately claimed that the subjects lost money, and falsely reported victory, which was the most bad thing. However, in the "Yuan Shi Shi Shi Ji", only Yun Yu and He, there is no language for the subject to lose money. Moreover, the "History of the Yuan" also records that in the later stages of the Battle of Ezhou, Kublai Khan once praised Jia Xiang, who was a defender of the Southern Song Dynasty, in front of everyone: "The defenders of the city are only one soldier and a man, Jia Zhi, ru hundred thousand people cannot win, the number of people who kill cannot be pulled out, and the sins of the Ru generations are also the sins of the people!" This shows the talent of Jia Xiangdao.
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If some people in the historical circles still have some affirmation of the performance of Qin Juniper in the early period, then jia Xiangdao, who was the minister of the three dynasties of Reason, Degree, and Gong in the late Southern Song Dynasty, can only be completely denied. It is true that after Jia Rudao entered the DPRK, he monopolized the government and government, excluded dissidents, formed parties for personal gain, and extravagantly and corrupted himself, and had an unshirkable responsibility for hastening the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty, and it is not an exaggeration to say that his power and treacherous courtiers are not exaggerated, but if we can comprehensively and realistically evaluate him, Jia Rudao is still a historical figure who has made meritorious deeds and whose deeds are greater than his deeds.
It is not to be said that his talents and contributions in defense, fortification, camping and repairing schools in the early days of defending the Lianghuai and Jinghu areas are also worthy of recognition from the two "crimes" that were accused of causing the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty in the later period——— his performance in the Battle of Ezhou and the implementation of the Gongtian Law.
Foreword Jia Xiangdao's performance in the Battle of Ezhou. The Battle of Ezhou between the Song and Mengs, which took place in the autumn and winter of the second year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1259), was an important battle related to the survival of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the supreme commander of the invading Mongol army was Kublai Khan, the brother of Meng Khan and the commander-in-chief of the Military Affairs of the Southern Han Dynasty, and the direct leader of the defense of Ezhou was Jia Xiangdao, the privy envoy of the Southern Song Dynasty and the ambassador of Xuanfu in the north and south of Sichuan, the west lake of Jingxi. After the Mongol army besieged Ezhou (鄂州, in modern Wuchang, Hubei), the Song and Mongol armies engaged in a fierce battle for three months, with both sides "dying".
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However, due to a variety of reasons, the Mongolian army was forced to withdraw from the siege and return to the north in early November of that year, and the Southern Song Dynasty won the victory in the defense of Ezhou. However, later generations not only did not recognize Jia Rudao's exploits in the Battle of Ezhou, but believed that it was he who signed the "Alliance under the City" with Mongolia in this war, and later concealed the truth, which led to the southern invasion of Mongolia and the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty. In fact, Jia Rudao's performance in the defense of Ezhou was deeply appreciated by the people at that time, such as the poet Liu Kezhuangyun: When the Mongol army invaded the south on a large scale, "the government and the opposition lost their territory, and there was a worry of being sent out", Jia Rudao "threw himself into the army, doubled the road and galloped, took the lead in the soldiers, and was attacked by the yashi". "With the preciousness of the yellow robes, the prostrate soldiers lie down for several months. The lonely city that can be fully tired of eggs, sweeping like the iron horse of the mountain, the work of the world. (The Complete Works of Mr. Gomura, vol. 132, "With Jia Cheng Xiang")
The famous scholar Wang Baifu Shiyun: "Righteousness encompasses the universe, and wisdom swallows the crowd." The five elements control each other, since the past who went to the army? Daima drinks river water, and The Chi chi is specially recruited. "Su Jing ChuJing, Tang Tang Jiang Han Qing." East and west are thousands of miles, and qi people are competing for spring ploughing. Returned to assist the emperor pole, a soothing group of feelings. Even Kublai Khan had to acknowledge Jia Rudao's military prowess and sigh that "I am like a Taoist who uses it" (Yuan Shi, vol. 126, "Biography of Lian Xixian"). Although Jia Did Have Discussions and Activities with Mongolia in Ezhou, the two sides did not sign a substantive peace treaty, let alone a commitment to "cut off the river" and "claim to the subject".
As for his later detention of Hao Jing in an attempt to cover up the truth of the peacemaking and thus find an excuse for the large-scale Mongol invasion of the south, it was of course a mistake. However, it should be said realistically that the Mongols had already launched an invasion of the Southern Song Dynasty and were deliberately trying to destroy it, and whether there was an excuse or not was really not important, for which the Ming Dynasty Zhang Yining also said: "If you sin against it, you want to add to the words of sin." (The Cuiping Collection, Vol. 2, "Seeing Objects in the Boat and Remembering the Poetry of the Dead Child".) Therefore, it is not permissible to describe this expedient measure as Jia Rudao's surrender to the Mongols, and further believe that this is the reason for the later invasion of the Mongols and the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Let's talk about the issue of the Public Land Law. In the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty, the bureaucracy and landlord class attacked Jia Rudao's implementation of the public land law the most fiercely, for example, the official Gao Side said: The public land law is "to seize the people's land in vain, poison several counties, sue and discard things, and do not sell a single dollar." So that everyone was broken, the small people were helpless, the price of rice soared, and they starved to death. (The Manuscript of the Hall of Shame, Vol. 1, "The Comet Should Be Sealed") Based on the records left by these people, the descendants also completely repudiated the Gongtian Law, and then regarded it as another major crime of Jia Rudao.
However, as long as we look at the historical background, purpose, and effect of the implementation of the Gongtian Law, we can know that this is by no means a crime of Jia Xiangdao, but a political achievement of his. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, wars were frequent, and the demand for military food was very large. However, due to the depreciation of the currency and the soaring prices, the state was unable to raise grain, resulting in a shortage of military food. To this end, Jia Xiangdao proposed to implement the public land law in an attempt to solve the problem of military food, while reducing the issuance of coins and easing prices to save the crisis of rule.
Under the situation that land annexation was very fierce and the state finance was extremely difficult, the implementation of the public land law at that time had both its necessity and its historical origins, and the original intention could not be said to be bad, and Jia Xiangdao also took the lead in donating 10,000 mu of good land in western Zhejiang as public land. After the implementation of the Gongtian Law, it has played a certain role in solving the shortage of military food and reducing the issuance of coins. However, because the officials were corrupt, especially this measure, which greatly damaged the interests of the bureaucrats and landlords in Jiangnan, they were frantically opposed and undermined by them, causing many ills in the implementation of the Gongtian Law, and the ordinary people also suffered from it. However, it should be fairly said that the shortcomings that have arisen in the process of implementing the Gongtian Law have been deliberately exaggerated by some people, and even if there is, it is not the reason for Jia Rudao alone.
The current people's denial of the Gongtian Law is not only influenced by traditional historiography, but also related to the ideological model that all the policies and measures promoted by the negative figures are unfavorable to the people and worthy of affirmation, which also affects the correct evaluation of Jia Xiangdao.
In other words, a person's life is very complicated, and it is impossible to do a good thing all his life without doing a bad thing; It is also impossible to do bad things all your life without doing good things, big or small, the "Four Libraries" museum minister said: "However, a generation of ministers, many virtuous and adulterous go hand in hand, no one is loyal to the reason, and no one is the reason for everyone to be loyal; That is, the body of a person, many gains and losses, nothing is said, and nothing is said. (Outline of the General Catalogue of the Four Libraries, vol. 55, "The Discussion of the Ming Dynasty")
In the process of scientifically evaluating historical figures, we must adhere to the principle of seeking truth from facts, and we must not be dominated by personal likes and dislikes and feelings, we must not follow the clouds of people without analysis, we must not borrow the ancients to allude to current politics, and we must not wantonly praise and depreciate in order to meet certain political needs. In the past, there was a popular slogan: "Late infidelity is not enough for training." "If it is used to ask people to keep the late festival, it is reasonable, but it is used to evaluate historical figures, and it is obviously inappropriate to think that as long as they are negative figures, their merits and merits must be erased. Some people will comprehensively evaluate historical figures, record and affirm the words and deeds or deeds of certain negative figures, and dismiss them as "overturning the case of historical sinners." I am afraid that this statement runs counter to the materialist view of history with seeking truth from facts as the core.