The Qing Dynasty was the last unified feudal dynasty in Chinese history, with the eleventh emperor and 268 years of the State Of Command.
For a long time, there have been thirteen dynasties in the Qing Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty obviously has only twelve emperors, so why is there a thirteen dynasties?
There are two theories about this statement. One is that the Qing Dynasty was a one-generation monism, that is, each emperor only used one era name in his lifetime; and Emperor Taiji of the Qing Dynasty had two era names of Tiancong and Chongde for some special reasons. It is said that after the death of the regent Dorgon in the early Qing Dynasty, he was posthumously awarded the title of "Qing Chengzong" by the Shunzhi Emperor, although all his titles were stripped away when he was later liquidated, but after all, it was also officially recognized by the Qing Dynasty, not to mention that Dorgon monopolized power for seven years, which can be described as the first hero of the Qing Dynasty, so it can be regarded as one of the thirteen dynasties.
Song Anzhi personally favored Dorgon because Mr. Meng Sen specifically mentioned the two era names of Emperor Taiji in the "Lecture Notes on the History of the Qing Dynasty". After examination, the Qing Dynasty in the Guanwai period, like the Qing Taizu Nurhaci's Mandate of Heaven and the Qing Taizong Emperor Taiji's Tiancong era number, initially not the era name, but the honorific title of the family, originally Nurhaci claimed to be the Emperor of the Mandate of Heaven and the Emperor Taiji claimed to be the Emperor of the Tiancong Emperor, and later the Qing army entered the Customs, with the passage of time, the Sinicization has deepened, so these two honorific titles have slowly become the era number passed down.
That is to say, the "Tiancong" era number among the two era names of Emperor Taiji of the Qing Dynasty, the honorific title of this department, is not an era name, so seriously speaking, Huang Taiji only has a "Chongde" era name.
Therefore, the twelve emperors of the Qing Dynasty have thirteen dynasties, and the extra dynasty should refer to Dolgun.
So why did the Shunzhi Emperor posthumously crown Dolgun as emperor, and then liquidate him shortly afterwards and strip him of all titles?
First of all, the Shunzhi Emperor liquidated Dolgun, for the simple reason that after the sudden death of Emperor Taiji of the Qing Dynasty, after a fierce power struggle, although it was shunzhi Emperor Fulin who succeeded to the throne, Dorgon became the regent and held the actual power.
Dorgon held power for seven years, which was equivalent to emptying the Shunzhi Emperor for seven years, until the winter of the seventh year of Shunzhi, when he died on the way to hunting in the north of The Country, the Shunzhi Emperor was officially pro-government in the eighth year of Shunzhi.
Dorgon put the Shunzhi Emperor in the air for seven years, during which he was even named the regent of the emperor's father, and directly became the father of the Shunzhi Emperor, and the Shunzhi Emperor hated him to the bone, and naturally he was crazy to retaliate against him.
Since the Shunzhi Emperor wanted to liquidate Dorgon, why did he go to such lengths to posthumously crown him emperor first?
One is because Dorgon's credit is too great.
During the seven years that Dorgon actually held power, it is not an exaggeration to say that it was the most critical seven years of the Qing Dynasty.
Under the actual rule of Dorgon, the Qing Dynasty first took advantage of the great opportunity of the Ming Dynasty's death at Li Zicheng's death, entered the customs and moved the capital to Beijing, so that the Qing Dynasty transitioned from a local separatist regime to a national power.
After entering the pass, under the command of Dolgun, he successively eliminated Li Zicheng's Dashun regime and Zhang Xianzhong's Daxi regime, and eliminated the three regimes of Hongguang, Longwu, and Shaowu in Nanming.
After the Shunzhi Emperor came to power, that is, the remaining Southern Ming Yongli regime survived in the southwest region, which was equivalent to Dorgon laying a good foundation for the Unification of China for the Qing Dynasty in the past seven years, laying a good foundation for the qing Dynasty to unify China, and laying the foundation for the great unification of the Qing Dynasty.
More than a hundred years later, the Qianlong Emperor, who rehabilitated Dorgon, commented on it very well: "Fixing the foundation of the country and opening up the foundation, becoming the cause of unification, and making the most meritorious contributions."
The second is to stabilize its henchmen
Although Dorgon had no heirs, after all, he actually ruled the Qing Dynasty for seven years and had his own power, and the Shunzhi Emperor was naturally afraid of hastily liquidating Dorgon, which would cause his henchmen to counterattack.
Therefore, the Shunzhi Emperor naturally could not immediately liquidate Dorgon, but first stabilized his henchmen, coupled with Dorgon's great merits, so he posthumously named him "Qing Chengzong", and Emperor Maode Xiuyuan Guangye Dinggong AnMin Li Zhengcheng Respected The Emperor.
Of course, two months later, the Shunzhi Emperor succeeded in his pro-government and initially held great power, coupled with the death of Dolgun, his henchmen were leaderless, which could be described as a tree falling down and scattered, a rebellion, and a rebellion, which was not a climate, and the Shunzhi Emperor naturally no longer feared his henchmen to fight back, so he was madly retaliating against Dolgun, stripping him of all titles, and even destroying the tomb and exhuming the corpse.
At this point, the first hero who entered the customs in the early Qing Dynasty ended up with a desolate end behind him, but fortunately, after more than a hundred years, the Qianlong Emperor rehabilitated him, which can be described as a kind of luck, because in the case of Dolgun, in other dynasties, often ended in one dynasty, until the demise, there was no day of rehabilitation.
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