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General Gao Shuxun, the first high-ranking Kuomintang general to revolt on the battlefield after the victory of the War of Resistance
General Takashu-hoon
Gao Shuxun (1898–1972.1.19), also known as Marquis Jianhou, was a native of Gaojin Village, Changjin Township, Yanshan County. He attended a private school at an early age, but later dropped out of school to work as a farmer due to poverty. After 1912, he worked as an apprentice in Beijing, Tianjin and other places. In 1915, he served as a soldier in Feng Yuxiang's 16th Mixed Brigade, and successively participated in the Patriotic War, the Anti-Zhang Xun Restoration War, the Zhiwan War, the Zhifeng War, the Northern Expedition War and the Central Plains War, successively serving as squad leader, platoon commander, company commander, battalion commander, regiment commander, and brigade commander. In 1926, he was appointed commander of the 12th Division of the Nationalist Army. In 1929, he became the chairman of Qinghai Province.
In 1930, after the Battle of the Central Plains, Gao Shuxun's department was reorganized by Chiang Kai-shek into the 27th Division of the 26th Army of the National Revolutionary Army, with Gao Shuxun as the commander of the division. In 1931, he was transferred to Jiangxi on the orders of Chiang Kai-shek to "encircle and suppress" the central revolutionary base area. In May, Nakamura Fought a battle in which his troops suffered heavy losses. From August 16 to 20, 1932, in the fourth "encirclement and suppression" operation, Le'an and Yihuang were lost. After that, Gao Shuxun left the team in disguise and returned to Tianjin via Shanghai and Nanjing, where Chiang Kai-shek was wanted for "abandoning the city and absconding."
In the spring of 1933, Feng Yuxiang formed the Chahar Anti-Japanese Allied Army. Gao Shuxun sold his property, defected to Feng Yuxiang with his money, and was appointed as a member of the Military Committee of the Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Allied Army, a commander of transportation, and a commander of cavalry, and commanded troops to resist the attack of the Kuomintang army in the area of Xinzhuangzi and Xuanhua. The anti-Japanese allies returned to Tianjin after their defeat. In 1936, at the invitation of Song Zheyuan, he went to Baoding to serve as the director of the Hebei Provincial Security Department, responsible for the formation of the anti-Japanese armed forces.
After the "July 7 Incident" in 1937, Gao Shuxun issued a statement in Baoding and participated in the War of Resistance. Song Zheyuan allocated two battalions of troops to him, plus the Hebei security forces, to form the Hebei Provisional 1st Division, with Gao Shuxun as the division commander and the commander-in-chief of the Hebei guerrilla army. When Song Zheyuan led the 1st Army to retreat south, he led his troops to resist the Japanese invasion south of Daming, Hebei, and covered the main retreat.
In January 1938, Gao Shuxun led his troops to nanle as a defensive line to prevent the Japanese army from advancing south. Soon, the unit was changed to the Kuomintang Provisional 9th Division, which attacked the Japanese army at Qinyang. After the 1st Army was abolished, Gao Shuxun's 9th Division was changed to the newly formed 6th Division, which was assigned to the Order of Shi Yousan's 69th Army. In April 1938, Gao Shuxun led his troops to Shandong, and then entered the Yimeng Mountains, where he once joined forces with the Eighth Route Army to resist Japan, and many Communists were sent to Gaobu. After the 69th Army was expanded into the 10th Army, Gao Shuxun's newly formed 6th Division was expanded into the provisional 1st Army. At the end of 1938, Gao Shuxun was ordered to lead his troops to move to the areas of Leling, Wudi and Yanshan in the Jilu Border District. At the beginning of 1939, the 10th Army was renamed the 39th Army, and the provisional 1st Army was changed to the New 8th Army.
At the beginning of 1939, under the struggle of Xiao Hua, commander and political commissar of the Eastward Column of the Eighth Route Army, Gao Shuxun worked closely with the Eighth Route Army to strike the Japanese army more than 70 times. After the autumn, Gao Shuxun's troops moved to southern Hebei. Shi Yousan engaged in anti-communist "friction" in the southern Hebei region, and three times ordered Gao Shuxun to attack the Eighth Route Army; gao Shuxun, because he had previously accepted the Communist Party's united front policy of "persisting in resisting the war and opposing separatism," took a negative attitude toward anti-communist "friction" and even openly refused Shi Yousan's order to attack the Eighth Route Army. Ishitosan's surrender to the Japanese army was resolutely opposed by Takashi Shuxun. On December 1, 1940, Takashi made a snap decision and executed Shi Yousan. After that, Gao Shuxun was appointed commander-in-chief of the 39th Group Army and commander of the New 8th Army. Takashi commanded his troops several times to fight against the Japanese. In 1942, the 39th Group Army marched from Juancheng to Dongming and Cao Counties, crossed the Dingtao, and crossed the Longhai Line to garrison the area around Xiangcheng in Henan Province, a Kuomintang-ruled area. In November 1942, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the 69th Army of the 39th Army to be placed under the command of Tang Enbo. Soon after, he appointed his close associate Hu Bohan as deputy commander-in-chief of the 39th Group Army and commander of the New 8th Army. In January 1943, Gao Shuxun was ordered to go to Chongqing for training, during which time he was assassinated by Dai Kasa. In May 1944, the Japanese army attacked the Kuomintang army, Tang Enbo's troops retreated without a fight, while the high department stubbornly resisted in Luoyang, Shichi and other places.
After the Battle of Western Henan, the 39th Group Army was renamed the "Jicha Theater", with Gao Shuxun as the commander-in-chief, under the jurisdiction of the New 8th Army and the Hebei Nationalist Army. Soon, it withdrew to the Xixia and Nanzhao areas to garrison. On August 1, 1945, he sent Wang Ding, a member of the Communist Party of China, to go south and north to the Taihang Mountains to contact the Eighth Route Army, established contacts with Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping of the 129th Division, and held Ma Shiping talks with Chen Xianrui, chief of staff of Wang Shusheng's department, in Nanzhao County, and reached a joint anti-Chiang Kai-shek anti-Japanese agreement.
After Japan's unconditional surrender, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Gao Shuxun's troops to stand by and not to act without authorization, while Gao ignored them and led two divisions, the New 8th Army and the Hebei Nationalist Army, in the name of the commander of the Jicha Theater, to set off from the south, travel by starry night, arrive in Zhengzhou, and then march north along the Pinghan Road to the Jicha area, and then plot to openly raise the flag against Chiang Kai-shek. Soon after, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Sun Lianzhong to be the commander of the 11th Theater and Gao Shuxun to be the deputy commander-in-chief, and led his troops to Xinxiang to join the 30th Army and the 40th Army, and marched north along the Pinghan Line to invade the Jin-Hebei Luyu Liberated Area. Gao Shuxun, with the meticulous planning of Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping and the help of Wang Dingnan, announced an uprising on October 30 in Matou Town, Ci County, Handan. On November 2, Mao Zedong and Zhu De sent a telegram to General Gao Shuxun, praising his righteous deeds and appointing Gao Shuxun as commander-in-chief of the Democratic Construction Army. On December 15, 1945, Mao Zedong drafted instructions for the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to the Party: "It is necessary to prepare and organize uprisings from within the Kuomintang army and carry out the Gao Shuxun movement, so that a large number of Kuomintang troops will stand on the side of the people at the critical moment of war and in accordance with Gao Shuxun's example, oppose civil war, and advocate peace." On November 1, 1946, the Jinji-Hebei Luyu edition of the People's Daily published an article by Commander-in-Chief Zhu De entitled "Wishing Gao Shuxun the First Anniversary of the Uprising", which wrote: "In the past year, in addition to the uprising of General Gao Shuxun, there have been countless other similar incidents, forming a trend. The rebel army reached twenty percent of Chiang Kai-shek's total strength. The Gao Shuxun movement has become the banner of all patriotic officers and men in the Kuomintang army, navy, and air force, and has become one of the important factors for the people to defeat the reactionaries in the war of self-defense and achieve independence, peace, and democracy. The Communist Party of China launched the "Gao Shuxun Movement" in the Kuomintang army, which promoted the disintegration of the Kuomintang's military strength. In 1946, Gao Shuxun joined the Communist Party of China. However, due to the mistakes of individual leaders of the Jin-Hebei Luyu Military Region, on June 14, 1947, an incident occurred in which Gao Shuxun was disarmed, and he was treated unfairly. He obeyed the dispatch of the Party Central Committee to the Taiyuan front to assist Hu Yaobang, director of the Political Department of the Corps, in his work of winning the uprising of Huang Qiaosong, commander of the Kuomintang 30th Army.
In February 1946, Deng Xiaoping (first from left), Liu Bocheng (fourth from left), Bo Yibo (first from right), Yang Xiufeng (second from left), and Gao Shuxun (third from right) were photographed with Ma Fawu, deputy commander of the Kuomintang 11th Theater of Operations( wearing a long shirt), who was captured in the Battle of Handan.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Gao Shuxun served as the director of the Hebei Provincial Department of Communications. Later, he successively served as vice chairman and vice governor of the People's Government of Hebei Province, and was elected as a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a member of the National Defense Commission, and a deputy to the First to Third National People's Congress. In 1955, Chairman Mao awarded Gao Shuxun the Order of Liberation of the First Class in accordance with the decision of the 22nd Session of the Standing Committee of the First National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China.
On January 19, 1972, Gao Shuxun died of illness in Beijing at the age of 74, Hua Guofeng and other leaders attended the memorial service, and the ashes were placed in the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the unjust case of the so-called "conspiracy and riot" of the Democratic Founding Army was finally rehabilitated, and General Gao Shuxun was finally able to smile at Jiuquan.