In the mid-spring of 1886, Huang Kan was born in the Three Dao Guild Hall of Jinyu Street, Chengdu. There is a famous person on the ancestors of the Huang clan, which is Huang Tingjian in the Northern Song Dynasty. Huang Kan's father, Huang Yunhu, was a scholar of the Xianfeng Dynasty and was highly learned. Huang Kan read the Analects at the age of four, and as soon as fang was catchy, he could recite them. At the age of five, he toured the Wuhou Ancestral Hall with his father, and there were many walls and walls of the temple, and Huang Kan never forgot to make a mistake, so he was called "Holy Child".
At the age of nine, he read the Bible with his father and read thousands of words a day. Father warned him not to raise your tail to heaven just because someone called you a holy child. Now that you are young and old in the blink of an eye, you have to cherish time. One day, someone in his hometown brought a green turtle, and his father's colleague Cai Mou joked that this was a fellow countryman. Huang Kan sneered at each other, this is not my hometown, but your own ethnic group. Cai Mou was puzzled, Huang Kan said, "The Analects" recorded that Zang Wenzhong lived in Cai, Cai is the big turtle, it can be seen that he is of the same ethnic group as you. The crowd listened and laughed.
At the age of eleven, he read the 10,000 volumes of books in his family.
In the early winter of 1898, the snow drifted to zero, and Huang Yunhu died of illness. After the death of his father, his mother Zhou shi only received a few acres of thin land. Everyone told Zhou Shi, don't let the children study, let the pigs raise the family early, you also reduce the burden and suffer less guilt. But Zhou Shi understood that reading changed his fate, so he sold Liangtian yan to ask for a good teacher. At that time, the rule was that the teacher must have wine and meat. Zhou Shi and his son eat coarse tea and light rice tempeh sauce every day, and offer wine and meat to the teacher.
Huang Kan often studied with the teacher until very late, and when the school was over, the door of the school was closed, so he had to jump out of the window and walk through the back door, the mountain road was rugged, and his mother waited in front of the door with a candle every day, and the night of returning home was three times. Zhou Shi asked Huang Kan, do you know what you do to live a good life? Huang Kan replied loudly, only reading.
Everything is inferior, but the reading is high.
The mother and son held their breath and vowed to get ahead and shut up the idlers who insulted them, despised them, and rejected them. In this kind of hidden struggle, Huang Kan's personality gradually became wild and narrow-minded, and unkind. Like a mountain waterfall, it originally flowed in a gentle and wide stream, but suddenly encountered a steep cliff, and the current flowed straight down, suddenly becoming a stirring trend.
In 1901, Huang Kan went to the county to take the Xiucai examination. At half-time, I saw someone in the field set up a pot to cook duck, and when I didn't breathe, I watched silently next to me. When the ducks were ripe, he stepped forward and kicked the pot over. Seeing that the cooked duck had fallen, the student was extremely angry, so he went forward and fought with Huang Kan, and the crowd quickly pulled away. Huang Kan said, no matter what, you can't eat the duck today. The student had no choice but to give up.
Huang Kan successfully passed the examination, and the mother and son raised their eyebrows and exhaled, and straightened their waists in front of the townspeople. Huang Kan later said that it was not a big deal to get a show talent, but after getting it, the townspeople did not dare to underestimate our mother and son.
In 1905, Huang Kan studied in Japan, studied at Waseda University, and lived in the same apartment as Zhang Taiyan, Huang lived upstairs and Zhang lived downstairs. One night, Huang Kan was anxious and did not have time to go to the toilet, so he looked out the window and spilled out. Zhang Taiyan was reading in front of the window, overheard the smell of fishy, could not help but shout scolding, Huang Kan scolded back, the two did not scold and did not know each other. Scolding and scolding, he opened the mode of academic discussion, so he felt sorry for each other and hated the late.
Zhang Taiyan is also a bullish character, with empty eyes, boasting that "Zhongni is out of Donglu, walking alone in the world, who can be a couple". When I met with Huang Kan, Fang knew that there were people outside the people, and there was a sky outside the sky. He said that Ji Gang (Huang Kan's word) was "rare in the world." In the early autumn of the following year, the golden wind was depressed, and Zhang Taiyan said, "Or you should worship me as a teacher." Huang Kantong fell to his knees, called himself a disciple, and performed a great ritual of worship.
In fact, Huang Kan worshiped Zhang Taiyan as a teacher, not simply respecting his learning, but also admiring his status as a jianghu. At that time, most of the monarchs who stayed in Japan worshiped under Zhang Taiyan's disciples, such as Lu Xun Zhou zuoren Qian Xuan and the same person, the difference was that some people performed the worship of the master, and some people did not, Lu Xun did not perform the worship of the master. Lu Xun has always honored Zhang Taiyan as a teacher, performed disciple ceremonies, Zhang Taiyan died, and also wrote "Mr. Taiyan Two or Three Things" to commemorate. However, in his later years, Zhang Taiyan made a list of disciples, but there was no Lu Xun, but his brother Zhou Zuoren. It can be seen that Zhou Zuoren performed the worship of the master.
It is like a primary school student in the cross-talk industry opened a cross-talk school, received a lot of students, and it is the primary school student who has prostrated his head and included in the genealogy, and those who have not prostrated their heads in the genealogy are not apprentices, but have just learned a little cross-talk knowledge. But going out to mix the rivers and lakes, you can still be called the student of the primary school student, after all, you have paid the tuition.
In 1908, Zhou's illness was critical, and Huang Kan returned to China to fulfill his filial piety, serving day and night, and untie his clothes. After his mother's death, Huang Kan pounded his chest and fell on the brazier, his ass burning without feeling pain. Later, he asked his friend Su Manshu to paint a portrait of his mother, and burned incense every day to pay tribute. Zhang Taiyan said that the mother of Ruan Zhi in the Western Jin Dynasty died, Ruan Zhi vomited three liters of blood, and Huang Kan had a fight with Ruan Zhi.
Huang Kanzhi was rigorous in his studies, diligent and diligent, focusing on eight books, namely Mao Shi, Zuo Zhuan, Zhou Li, Shuowen Jiezi, Guangyun, Shi ji, Hanshu, and Anthology, claiming that "all outside the eight books are bullshit". He can memorize the "Book of Han", "History", "Wenxin Carved Dragon", "Anthology of Literature", "Explanation of Words", and brag to people, even the "Book of Han" can not be memorized, what books to teach?
Huang Kan likes to circle points when reading. He said that when reading books, we should circle the points, do not worship books as gods, but write them freely. He once circled the "Book of Han" and the "New Book of Tang" three times, the "Anthology" dozens of times, the "Qing History Draft" once, and the rest were innumerable. He very much hated the behavior of flipping through books and tasting them, calling it "killing the head of the book". Before he died, there was still a book that had not been finished, and he said, "I hate killing the head of the book the most in my life, and I can't leave a curse." So while vomiting blood, he insisted on finishing the book.
Huang Kan hated that someone disturbed him to read. When he was teaching in Nanjing, there was an idle person who came to chat every day, and Huang Kan was overwhelmed with annoyance, and one day asked, Do you have a radio at home? The visitor was puzzled and said, No. Huang Kan smiled, no wonder you come over every day to listen to my broadcast.
Huang Kan warned young people not to write books before the age of thirty, first, they did not have deep knowledge, and second, they lacked experience, they could not write anything at all, it was a pure waste of time and energy.
Huang Kan often said that it is like a battle front, a hard village, and fighting a stupid battle is the right way, and it is useless to specialize in playing small cleverness. One day he was fascinated by reading, holding a book in one hand and a steamed bun in the other, reading so much that he actually ate the steamed bun dipped in ink and ate it, still unconscious.
In 1919, Huang Kan returned to Peking University to teach. At that time, Hu Shi, Lu Xun, Qian Xuantong, Zhou Zuoren and others all advocated vernacular literature, while Zhang Taiyan and Huang Kan and others advocated literary language, and the two factions competed fiercely.
Huang Kan's class will begin with a criticism of the vernacular text, a class of fifty minutes, half of the time in the vernacular and advocates of the vernacular. One day the paper said that the benefits of the text, such as Hu Shi's wife died, the family took a telegram to let him run to the funeral, if you use the text, only "wife mourns quickly return" four words can be, if you use the vernacular, you have to write "your wife is dead, hurry back" eleven words, too expensive. The audience laughed.
The students told Hu Shi about this, and Hu Shi said, not necessarily. For example, a few days ago someone asked me to jump ship, I don't want to go, if I refuse in chinese, I have to "learn shallowly, I am afraid that it is difficult to do my job, I will not obey the order" twelve words, but in the vernacular, it only takes 5 words, "can't do it, thank you", and save half the money.
Another day, a group of professors gathered to talk about Peking Opera, hu Shi said, Peking Opera is too fake, holding a whip to pretend to ride a horse, planting two flags to pretend to ride a car, should use real cars and real horses to enjoy. Huang Kan suddenly interjected, then what do you say to do when you play Wu Song to fight the tiger? The crowd listened and laughed.
Hu Shi once wrote a vernacular poem "Friend": two yellow butterflies, both flying into the sky. For some reason, one flew back. The remaining one, lonely and pitiful. Nor is there a heart to heaven, and heaven is too lonely. It can be said that it is easy to understand, but Huang Kan is very unhappy to hear it, if this is also a poem, then what we write is a thing. So he gave Hu Shi the nickname "Yellow Butterfly".
Huang Kan scolded Hu Shi, and Hu Shi said that it was painful to write vernacular texts, but in fact, there are painful and happy things in the world. Jin Sheng sighed and said that the happiest thing in the world is to behead and drink, why didn't Hu Shi go to drink and then cut off his head.
Huang Kan's disciple Qian Xuantong also advocated vernacular literature, and Huang Kan gave him the nickname of "two madmen". Once the two brothers met at Zhang Taiyan's house, Huang Kan came forward and called out to the second madman, and Qian Xuantong was at the teacher's house and could not bear it. Unexpectedly, Huang Kan went on to say, Second madman, I tell you, you learned the language with the teacher, but you engaged in vernacular, is this not deceiving the teacher and destroying the ancestors. Qian Xuantong couldn't bear it, he shot the case and roared, I especially made the vernacular text have a wool relationship with you, you are an. The two quarreled and almost moved, but fortunately Zhang Taiyan heard the voice and persuaded him.
Huang Kan repeatedly threatened that Qian Xuantong's learning was stolen by taking advantage of his soak of urine, and said conclusively that they had studied with Zhang Taiyan in Tokyo and had been very secretive. One day Qian Xuantong visited Huang Kan, Huang Kan had a lot of reading notes on his desk, the two chatted for a while, Huang Kan was anxious, it was convenient to go out, and when he came back, he found that Qian Xuantong had left, and at the same time, a book of notes was missing, and he asked him if he would admit it. The lecture notes he now gives to his students are the notes I lost that year.
Huang Kan and Qian Xuan were in the same classroom door to door, and Huang Kan deliberately talked about this matter loudly, just so that Qian Xuantong could hear it. Qian Xuantong ignored the rumors and just closed the door to finish the matter. Later, Zhou Zuoren asked Qian Xuantong whether this matter was true or not, and Qian Xuantong said, I did go to his house, but I did not steal his notes. He had to say I stole it, and I couldn't help it, so he went.
Such insults to Sven, Huang Kan repeatedly did it, so that Zhou Zuoren, who has always been low-key to Sven, could not look at it anymore, and told people that Huang Kan's method of attacking dissidents was completely insulting, and there was no difference from the shrew scolding the street.
In the middle of the summer of 1918, when the wind was hot, Qian Xuantong came to the Shaoxing Guild Hall and found Zhou Shuren, who was immersed in copying ancient monuments. He looked at the lifeless manuscripts of the ancient tablets and asked, What is the use of your copying these? Zhou Shuren only said that it was useless, just to pass the time. Qian Xuantong asked again, then what do you mean by copying these? Zhou Shuren said, there is no meaning. Qian Xuantong said, we are engaged in vernacular literature, you come to submit, anyway, idle is idle, it is always more interesting than you copying ancient monuments. Zhou Shuren said, then I will try.
A few days later, when Qian Xuantong appeared at the Shaoxing Guild Hall again, Zhou Shuren gave him a manuscript entitled "Diary of a Madman" and signed lu Xun.
Hu Shi once said that the vernacular literature movement was in full swing at that time, in fact, when it came to being able to write, it was the first two weeks. Qian Xuantong also said that the zhou brothers' thinking is one of the best in China.
In fact, Lu Xun Qianxuan and Hu Shichen Duxiu Li Dazhao and others are all masters who have been immersed in wenyan for many years, and their literary attainments are all first-class. Why do they spare no effort to promote vernacular language? The fundamental reason is to open up the wisdom of the people, so that literacy and hyphenation can become a universal learning tool for the whole people, rather than a monopoly resource on which a small number of people rely to seek wealth and glory.
Lu Xun said: Over the years, Qian Xuantong has deeply felt that the language of our country is different, so that young students cannot use three or five years to conform to their literary theories and adapt them to use. And those evil and fallacious people who are obsessed with the words and words even want to kill the young people. They use allusions, they talk about the right battle, they are dirty. Clinging to the "Anthology", he thought he was clever. I thought that if young people wanted to make progress, they had to read less or even no Chinese books and more foreign books.
Hu Shi said, vernacular vernacular, clear as words. Ordinary people can all speak, but the vast majority of them cannot read or write. Words and words are the biggest obstacle to their pursuit of knowledge. As long as writing is as simple and easy as speaking, and the threshold for learning is lowered, the people can effectively and conveniently absorb all kinds of knowledge, and the country can develop rapidly and strongly.
The emergence of any new thing must be accompanied by questioning and opposition. Computer writing has become the trend of the times, but when it first appeared, there were endless voices of doubt. Many great writers who were once famous came out to object, saying that they wrote slowly with a pen, that they were meticulous, that they could write good things, that they could write on computers, that they were thousands of words a day, and that they were all garbage. What is practical to write is just a tool, and writing serious things is king. Wang Xiaobo used computers to write novels in 1993, all of which are classics. At the same time, those who wrote with pens did not hear of a few masterpieces.
Sima Qian carved with a knife, Li Bai wrote with a brush, Lu Xun wrote with a hard pen, and Wang Xiaobo wrote with a computer, all of which could write good things. So it doesn't matter what to write, the key is to write what to write.
Huang Kan is also a dead duck with a hard mouth, and he also knows that vernacular writing is the trend of the times, and literary writing will inevitably be eliminated by history. He later told his students that you have to learn vernacular, and it will be difficult to write vernacular without writing. I can only write in this life, but you have to learn the vernacular.
Huang Kan likes to write and write, which is a personal choice, and there is nothing wrong with it. But he was against others writing in the vernacular, which was not good. Chen Yinke has written in mandarin all his life, and now all the writings we see about him are literary and linguistic, and he does not like to use vernacular. He said, I want to keep the lamp for traditional culture. But Mr. Chen never said that the vernacular was not good. Someone once asked Lu Xun why do you want to write vernacular texts, and Lu Xun said that because there are many people watching, money is fast.
The strange thing is that Huang Kan was afraid of the heavens and the earth, and he was afraid of all the vernacular literary masters, but he did not scare Lu Xun. It is said that Lu Xun is the banner of the new cultural movement and can write the most. Toss lu xun with one, to intimidate others ten, to devote all his efforts to one battle, why not enjoy it? I think there are two reasons for this.
First, Lu Xun could not afford to provoke. Huang Kan is also a guy who cheats on soft and afraid of hard. When he was teaching at Sun Yat-sen University in Wuchang, the principal's name was Shi Ying, he was tall, and he did not hesitate to move his temper, and Huang Kan did not dare to provoke, telling people that when he met Shi Ying, it was Xiu cai who met the soldiers, and it was reasonable to say that it was unclear. Shi Ying taught him, and he obediently listened, not daring to return his mouth, and laughing at himself, he couldn't beat people, what was the way to do it. If he wanted to provoke Lu Xun, it was estimated that he would "scold him." Lu Xun spent his life writing about the confucians, what modernists, creationists, crescent moons, all let the horses come over, saw one fight after another, and finally even a decent opponent was gone, feeling deeply lonely, "Lotus alone wandering." Lin Yutang said that picking up a stone from the ground and throwing a dog is also happy. It is estimated that Huang Kan also knew that this disciple was not easy to provoke, so he avoided it.
Second, Huang Kan and Lu Xun are a type of person. They are all from the eunuch family, they are all in the decline of the family road and the world is cold, they are all filial piety to their mothers, they all have the morale of Wei and Jin, and they all emphasize "true temperament", and the two can be described as sympathetic to each other. Huang Kan did not intimidate Lu Xun, and Lu Xun did not shy away from Huang Kan. Although Huang Kan was also the guardian of Wen Yanwen, Lu Xun only intimidated Lin Qinnan and others.
In 1935, Huang Kan's fiftieth birthday, Zhang Taiyan personally wrote a pair of shou lian: Wei Bian San absolutely knows his fate, and Huang Silk is a good book. The Shanglian Dian is from Confucius, praising him for his diligence in governing his studies; the Xialian Dian is from Cai Yong, encouraging him to write books in the future. When Huang Kan saw the words "Huang Desperate" embedded in the couplet, he was greatly frightened and thought it was an ominous omen. In this year's Chongyang, Huang Kan ascended to admire the chrysanthemum, ate crabs, drank yellow wine, returned with pleasure, and at night his stomach was like a knife, vomiting blood three basins, and after three days, he cried out for his life. Zhang Taiyan heard the bad news, wept unceasingly, and even cried out, "Heaven lost, heaven lost."
Huang Kan is by no means a vain name, and he has recorded four of his poems to conclude, which is quite angry with Li Du.
"Festival": Jiangxiang rice ripe crab throws fat, autumn smoke without bothering to teach clothes. In the case of peach blossoms reflecting hedges, you may wish to wait for the occasional obedience.
"Late Cheng": Xiao Ser returns to the wind to vibrate the evening forest, lingering under the sun. Qiu Guang was so miserable, helplessly in front of the building and the shadow.
"Spring End": Zhu Ming has reached the green shade and began to travel to the suburbs to make up for the wedge. It is gratifying to see the bottom of the dangerous red leaves, and there are flowers that can still be said to stay in spring.
"Autumn Day": The song scatters the heavy city and the moon falls into smoke, and the tile pot is drunk and idyllic. The crickets in front of the lamp were speechless, and the wind was blowing in the sky.