Huang Kan: An Introduction to Chinese Literature

The changes in literature are particularly cumbersome and not the top priority of the scholar. On the power holders of Chinese literature, there are a few kinds of names:

(1) The Book of Poetry. (2) Zuo Qiuming. (3) Qu Song. (4) Cai Yong. (5) Lu Shiheng. (6) The Writer of the Han and Jin Dynasties. (vii) The Creator of the Theory of Sound Law. (viii) Su Yu to Han Yu. (9) During the Tang and Song dynasties, he was a peaceful speaker. (10) Song and Yuan composers.

Literature is also a change of time. Therefore, there are always some differences in the people of the future generations who imitate the articles of the previous dynasty, no matter how exquisite they are. However, there are also many ancient writers who start from imitation, some imitate their meaning and change their genre, and some change their meaning by their genre. For example, Sima Xiangru and Yang Ziyun's words can be described as popular for a while, but in fact, "Zi Xuan" and "Shanglin", "Gao Tang" and "Goddess"; and "Pinghuai West Stele", "Nanshu Wenqiao"; "Drama Qin Meixin", set "Feng Zen Wen". However, the classic of "Drama Qin Meixin" is too ao.ed. There is a saying that "Jing trumpet master Ya, Dun won the face of the sword, there is a gande that does not tolerate the concession of the yuande", all of which are incomprehensible. Except for the twenty-eight chapters of the Book of Books, they are all forgeries. Confucius wrote the body in the Spring and Autumn Chapter, which began with this book. The precedent of the "History" and the name of the Ji chuan family are all derived from this book. The "Records of History" is a copy of Confucius's book, Mingyi.

The value of literature is temporary and permanent; some are popular among the population at that time, and some are as precious as treasures, and they are worthless in this life. The literature of the above-mentioned possessive forces is hereby divided into separate articles.

(1) The Book of Poetry

The song is sung, from the birth of the people. It can be seen that since ancient times, there have been poems. The Book of Poetry is the Song of the Zhou Dynasty – Folk Literature – edited by the author. Although there are some insignificant ones, most of them are still valuable literature to this day. Although the chapters of "Cai Qiao" and "Throwing Melons" feel tasteless; for example, "Jie Pi Nan Shan" and the like, I still read them and feel a kind of anger at the time of worry, although the old Du Shi has not been able to reach it. This Book of Poetry can occupy a permanent power in Chinese literature.

(2) Zuo Qiuming

Ancient history books, headed by the Book of Books. However, there are many absurd texts in it, which are not close to the truth. Although Confucius deleted it, it is still not finished. And the date of his book is unknown. For eleven years, king Wu cut down the silk. In January, he was a master of the afternoon, crossing the law of the league, and composing the "Tai Oath". January is the month of the thirteenth year, and it is often the month of the eleventh year. Therefore, the ancient Chinese history books are pushed from the books of Confucius and Zuo Qiuming, and the narrative of the "Zuo Zhuan" is true and clear, especially the first in ancient history books. This Zuo Qiu Ming's text, so in Chinese literature, can occupy a permanent power also.

(3) Qu Song

The tone of Chu's words is really fundamental, but the law of doing it begins with him. Or the completion of its collection of short sentences, but also the truth. Qu Song's text has a great influence on Chinese literature, and its power is also great, and the word endowment of later generations cannot be separated from its scope, and there are many imitation authors, such as "Zi Xuan" and "Shanglin" imitating "Gao Tang" and "Goddess", but Qu and Song Zhi and the like are all in Tang and stop.

(4) Cai Yong

The "Records of History" and the "Book of Han" are not yet pure. In essence, the class is better than the horse. As for the following text in the Book of Han, Chen Chen Xiangyin, four words and one sentence, this genre is actually out of the discussion monument. The stele was mainly based on Cai Yong, and later Fan Weizong took the stele as the history, Han Huizhi took the history as the stele, and Gai Fan was also influenced by the Cai Zhi stele version.

(5) Lu Shiheng

Since ancient texts, there are more concise narratives and fewer detailed narratives. Lu Shiheng's literary endowment, there are many details, and there is nothing before. The so-called Fu Cai Fu Yin, the essence of the difficult is also, such as the "Hanging Wei Wu Emperor Wen", the meaning of many miscellaneous essences and deep meanings are very deep!

(6) The Writer of the Han and Jin Dynasties

The Han Dynasty Sutras such as the Taiping Sutra (in the Daozang Sutra) and the Forty-Two Chapters Of the Scriptures, whose texts are like the New Testament in this world, and the Jin Dynasty have the Four Laws of The Four Laws and the Ten Laws of Recitation, and their texts are also very simple. The Gaihan and Jin Dynasties were mostly written in the vernacular of the time. It is the language of the present that should be called the originator of this.

(vii) The Creator of the Theory of Sound Law

The ancients wrote without paying attention to tone, not without seeking the right law, but without strict restrictions, and they did whatever they wanted. Since Fan Ye and Shen Yue came out, there were strict restrictions on sound law. After Fan and Shen, there was a pure body of writing.

(viii) Su Yu to Han Yu

Wen to the Six Dynasties, specialized and gorgeous. However, ancient texts (essays) are rarely written, but in fact, the Sound Law Theory of the Six Dynasties is the result of Chinese literature, which is a great ear in the Six Dynasties. The text can be found in "Notes on the Entrepreneurship and Living of the Tang Dynasty" (speaking of sound laws) and "Guanghong Mingji" (about the battle). Today's Buddhist Tao Treatise on Heng's composition at that time, because of the need for Beauty, there is a text that "gain is in me, and loss is also in the remainder". Tang Wen emphasizes ancient Chinese, and Han Yu is the slowest but highest. It is too much to say that the text has declined for eight generations. However, the text of the Six Dynasties is not as humble as the ancient text. In short, the ancient text began with Su Qi and was achieved by Han Huizhi.

(9) During the Tang and Song dynasties, he was a peaceful speaker

In the Tang Dynasty, Han and Liu Zhi were called Guwen Zhengzong at that time, and those who deliberately imitated them later lost their emptiness, so there were plain words. For example, "Tang Sanzang Takes The Scriptures and Poems", "Xuanhe Testament", and "Jingben Novel" are. Although this is not popular with literature, it was very popular in Tang society, and the so-called popular literature was also popular. Novels after the Yuan and Ming Dynasties often use this as a guide for brewing. "Water Margin" can be called the achiever of pingyu, who at that time such as Hu Yuanrui (Ying Lin), Wang Shizhen, Yang Shen and the like, praised it a lot. Not to be seen in the present and then obviously. Ming's novel, "Wonders of Ancient and Modern Times" is preferred. The novels of the late ancient times are based on the Taiping Guangji as a good. The eight strands of the later generation are related to the bloodline of the real plain language. Qian Daxin has a cloud: "The eight-share system is a variation of the plain language." "The purpose is true. Although the names of the eight strands are literal, they are like opera ears, such as the title "The Letter of a Certain Ancient", then the rules must be set up by a certain ancient person to be the words of a certain ancient, completely objective language, and in fact, the subjective language of a certain ancient person.

(10) Song and Yuan composers

The "Four Libraries Complete Book" does not contain songs, only takes the score, and there are very few. I am afraid that I am not evil for its vulgarity, and I do not understand its essence. In recent times, the popular song is "The Record of the West Chamber", but Dong Xieyuan's "West Chamber", unlike Wang Shifu's "West Chamber", Wang Zuo mostly stole Dong Shu. The play is first based on the courtyard. From the courtyard to the miscellaneous drama, from the miscellaneous drama to the legend. In literature, it actually occupies a great power.

Excerpt from Huang Kan's Collected Works and Notes on the Dragon sculpture of Wenxin, Zhonghua Bookstore, 2006

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