Bauhaus heritage
As a legend that synchronizes with the history of great changes and persists in internal and external troubles. The Bauhaus is like a comet that briefly streaks through the night sky but illuminates the world for the next hundred years.
The field of architectural design
The construction industry is one of the most profoundly influenced and thoroughly implemented by the Bauhaus. Today's concept of "Bauhaus" has even become a general term for the architectural styles it advocates.
Classical architecture is first and foremost about beauty and momentum, while modern architecture prioritizes practicality and efficiency. Therefore, the architectural design of the Bauhaus is based on the premise of adapting to industrialization, dominated by function, and the shackles of traditional forms are freed to the greatest extent.
The building is mainly based on simple geometric shapes, while using light steel skeletons and "glass curtain walls" based on frame structures, new materials reduce costs and take into account the unity of shape and practicality.
Gropius established the foundations of modernist architecture.
The first project, the Fagus Factory, has been shocked by the flat volume and large glass curtain wall, achieving revolutionary subversion, pushing the architectural style from the chaotic period of multi-genre mixture to the clear style of modernism.
fagus factory，walter gropius
Another typical example is the Bauhaus school building in Dessau. It closely combines functional technology, material structure and art to create a simple and fresh, elegant and bright image.
At the same time, the "technical aesthetics" exposed by the structure, the low cost and the extremely short construction period, in line with the construction requirements of the new era of industry, have become a classic case of modern architecture in the 20th century, and have been included in the World Cultural Heritage List.
Mies polishes and refines the details and exquisite degrees of modern materials such as steel and glass to the extreme, realizing the perfect combination of art and industry.
barcelona pavilion,mies van der roh
Typical examples are the aforementioned German Pavilion at the Barcelona World Expo, as well as the 1930 Mies's 1930 design in the Czech Republic, defining the functionalist style of the Tugenhat Villa.
villa tugendha,mies van der roh
The new architectural aesthetic principles advocated by the Bauhaus, including: the unity of expression and construction means, the coordination of architectural form and internal function, the logic of architectural image, concise shape and pure body shape, etc., have deeply influenced the modern architectural style in Europe and around the world.
In the field of industrial design
Major in "Industrial Design" in modern design schools
Essentially, it started with a Bauhaus design
The core ideas, principles and ideas originally set
It has also laid the basic concept of industrial design so far
1. Adhere to the unity of art and technology
The Bauhaus emphasizes practicality and functionality in industrial design, simplifies complexity, returns design to design itself, and uses art to exert the beauty and combination of materials themselves to the extreme.
For example, the 1923 design of the mt8 chrome steel tube table lamp, milky white transparent glass cover, metal bracket, as a Bauhaus classic, laid the prototype of the modern table lamp.
bauhaus lamp by jucker and wagenfeld
Furniture designed during the Bauhaus period, such as Mies van Der ro's Barcelona chair, fully embodies the principle of the unity of art and technology.
2. Designed for functionality, not product
Industrial design should focus most on the feeling of use, not the endless product. Only sincere close to the user, has eternal charm.
3. Design must follow the principles of natural objectivity
Design must always be rational, people-oriented, and constantly improved with actual needs. These principles and viewpoints have led to the gradual movement of modern design from idealism to realism, that is, the replacement of artistic romanticism with rational scientific ideas.
For example, Brauer designed in 1925 and named after his mentor Kandinsky, the "Vasily Chair" and the "Nested Table". The use of geometric metal frames opened the boom in steel pipe furniture, which is still popular in the world.
wassily chair,marcel breuer
nesting tables, marcel breuer
The Bauhaus concept was deeply integrated into the essence of industrial design, such as the "less but better" advocated by Dieter Rams, which not only condensed the precise summary of Ashkenazi design, but also influenced many well-known product designs in the later period.
The field of graphic design
The Bauhaus's most important influence on graphic design
To sum up, there are three main aspects
Design composition, color composition, modern printing
The avant-garde artist Mohawley Nagy, coached by the Bauhaus, advocated geometric figures, regular lines and limited blocks of color. Good at conveying a certain condensed power with simple forms.
laszlo moholy great's design
The Bauhaus left behind many classics of graphic design: such as Bauhaus stationery pages, letterhead logos and book covers.
These designs emphasize the balance of geometric elements, abandoning decorative details, simple and clear, vivid themes, and very contemporary characteristics.
If Najib influenced the constituent elements of graphic design, then Eaton and Kandinsky combined form and color perfectly, giving graphic design a new visual impact.
Eaton, the creator of the Modern Design Foundation Course, believes that each figure has its own color and emotion, is one, and knows how to use color to express emotions.
johannes itten
Kandinsky, the founder of abstract painting, pursued free forming and harmony of color and form, conveying emotions and thoughts with simple graphics. It profoundly influenced the aesthetic concept and creative thinking of the Bauhaus.
Modern graphic design is inseparable from printing, and print design is also on the right track from the Bauhaus. The bauhaus's printing design is based on simple geometric shapes, condensed content, visual sense balance, and simplified decoration to the extreme.
The printing department instructor Baiedo created simple layouts and typefaces, and he designed the "unadorned line font series" centered on lowercase letters, which became an iconic feature of the Bauhaus font. Led the wave of graphic design at that time.
The Bauhaus provides a followable basis for the expansion and refinement of modern graphic design. Its theory and style have become the basis of the "rationalist design style" that has swept around today.
The field of interior design
The Bauhaus also advocated the simplification of elements and geometries in interior design, using revolutionary materials such as tubular steel, glass, plywood and plastic, focusing on the unity of function and aesthetics.
But unlike the stereotype of black and white tones in the concept, the Bauhaus style will use color to construct the space, and the walls, floors and top surfaces will be treated by solid color differentiation to create a specific area of a certain space.
This style of design had a profound influence on later design, including the modern minimalist interior design that is now highly regarded, and was also deeply influenced by the Bauhaus.
The Bauhaus truly unified technology and art
Pioneered a design thinking approach for modern industry
Laid the basic picture of modernist product design
The design concept and design principles proposed by the Bauhaus
It has long penetrated into all aspects of daily life
And with the needs of the times and continue to evolve
Satisfying our desire for life's truest instincts
After a hundred years of time, it still exists vividly
a bauhaus museum opens in dessau
finally
Bauhaus Epilogue
What exactly is really good design?
Today, the Bauhaus's design has long faded from the innovation and radicalism of the time, and it is so bland that it seems to be ignored. That's because the Bauhaus initially pursued the "universal value of design."
In other words, the more we become accustomed to its design, the more it indicates its importance. Unlike works of art, the ideal home of a design object is not a museum, but an indispensable part of daily life.
To design anything is to express a point of view, a idea of "humanity" and "technology".
Whether a design moves people's hearts is not only complete and powerful, but also whether it is durable and beautiful - people have eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, and various senses, and there are also colors, sounds, fragrances, and fragrances that touch all kinds of desires.
Therefore, the design that can really stand the test of time is first of all function-oriented, durable, humble and honest, exquisite and meticulous, environmentally friendly and simple. Standing at the intersection of technology and humanities, let the functionality and artistry be perfectly unified, both inside and outside.
Croce put it in The Theory and History of Historiography: "All history is contemporary history. So without present life, there is no past history to speak of."
The Bauhaus was clearly such a presence
It not only condenses and condenses a period of history
It has also created an unprecedented new era
It is a spirit of constant pioneering and development
Facing an infinitely vast and imaginative future
Dedicated to the Bauhaus, a legend that lasts for a hundred years
Whether you love it or not, it is everywhere
The Bauhaus is an ideal, a style