Repeated "horizontal jumps" between Jiangzhou and Hangzhou: Why are Jiangnan Xingtai repeatedly relocated?

Wen | Xiu Xiaobo

After the Jiangnan Xingtai was set up, it was relocated several times in a short period of time. The "History of the Yuan" records: "In the fourteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty, he began to set up the Southern Yushitai in Yangzhou, looking for Hangzhou, and then migrating to Jiangzhou. In 23 years, he moved to Jiankang to supervise the southeastern provinces, to control the various provincial constitutional divisions, and to oversee the internal platforms. The so-called "supervision of the southeastern provinces and the control of all provincial constitutional divisions" is a general statement. If analyzed, there are political factors behind the relocation of the platform.

The Yuan dynasty initially set up Jiangnan Xingtai in Yangzhou, mainly considering that Yangzhou was the seat of governance of Jianghuai Province. Regarding the history of Jianghuai Province, the "History and Geography of the Yuan Dynasty" is vague, but only says that in the twenty-first year, from Yangzhou, jianghuai province was moved to govern Hangzhou, and it was renamed Jiangsu and Zhejiang province." However, an important stroke was recorded in the "Hundred Officials' Chronicle": "In the thirteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty, the province of Jianghuai was initially established and Yangzhou was ruled. Re-examine the "History of the Yuan" from the present era to October of the thirteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty: "With the marshal Ali of the left deputy capital of Huaidong as the political affairs of Pingzhang, the Henan and other roads xuanwei envoy Hela Hehe Sun as the right of zhongshu, the bingbu Shangshu Wang Yi, the official Shangshu and the Lin'an Province to appease Yang Zhen, Henan Hebei Province, the punishment of the envoy Mili Kuxin and participate in the political affairs." Chen Yanxing, the governor of the government, saved his affairs in Huaidong. The phrase "Xingzhongshu saves trouble in Huaidong" here immediately refers to Jianghuai Province, and the above-mentioned personnel are the team combinations at the time of the establishment of Jianghuai Province. According to his duties, Xingtai "impeached the officials of the Xingzhongshu Province, the Propaganda and Consolation Department, and the following divisions for adultery and evil, and brushed up on the case." The ancient Jiangnan Xingtai was set up in Yangzhou.

In May 21, the Imperial Observatory of Jiangnan was moved from Yangzhou to Hangzhou. In this year, Jianghuai Province was renamed Jiangsu and Zhejiang Province, and the provincial administration was also moved to Hangzhou. Jiangnan Xingtai should be moved. The establishment of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces occupied an important position in the political layout of governing Jiangnan in the Yuan Dynasty. Yan Fu, a Yuanren, said: "Only the two southeastern zhejiang provinces, the Xiangjiang River with the lake, control the overseas provinces, trade and relocation have the city of Rao, the revenue has the ripeness of Su Lake, the goods have the benefits of wine and salt, control more than a hundred cities, pay hundreds of millions of dollars, and realize the fundamental land of the south of the Jiangsu River." Cover the two Zhejiang An then Jiangnan An, Jiangnan An, Jiangnan An, the imperial court has no worries about the south. "Hangzhou is the former capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, and its political influence is far greater than that of Yangzhou. Geographically, Hangzhou is located in the central part of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, which can effectively rule Jiangsu and Zhejiang and then control the southeast region. Jiangnan Xingtai moved to Hangzhou, and this should also be considered.

Soon after Jiangnan Xingtai was moved to Hangzhou, it was once abolished. By January 22, Zhongshu Province, controlled by Lu Shirong, proposed to abolish Yushitai, change the status of Yushitai to Zhongtai according to Chasi, and premier various Qiangu affairs, with the intention of suppressing the Yushitai institutions. Kublai Khan ordered his subordinates to discuss. After the imperial court was instructed to discuss, it was played: "Prelude, ordering the ministers and other ministers to discuss the dismissal of the platform and the transfer of envoys." Shi Rongyan was appointed by the Inspector, and all the people who held the position of the chief could also be Qiangu, and the courtiers thought that it was impossible. He who has taken the people, the subjects do not dare to stop, but those who cannot stop their words and deeds are unanimous. "Reflects the contradictions and struggles within the court." Kublai Khan asked, "What does Shi Rong think?" "The ear of desire." Kublai Khan finally said, "He is proud of his words." So Jiangnan Xingtai was deposed. But Kublai Khan soon realized that jiangnan should not be abolished. He was not easy to say, and deliberately asked the Zhongshu Provincial Minister: "Why did you stop the Imperial History Platform?" Zhongshu Right Chancellor An Tong disagreed with Lu Shirong's suggestion, replying: "Thieves have risen repeatedly in Jiangnan, and most of them have been curbed in yushitai town, and the subjects think that they cannot be stopped." However, with Jiangsu and Zhejiang, Zhongshu Province and Hangzhou, the land is far away, migrating to Jiangzhou, living in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, Jiangxi three provinces for convenience. "The emperor obeys it." An Tong's answer was witty, avoiding the fact that Kublai Khan had approved the strike, preserving the emperor's face, and taking care of Lu Shirong's opinion. Lu Shirong was reused by Kublai Khan because someone recommended that he "be able to save the money law, increase the amount of lessons, go to the country, and do not harm the people."

He wanted to control Jiangnan's financial resources, but he did not want to be constrained by Jiangnan Xingtai. An Tong considers the role of Xingtai in stabilizing Gangnam (suppressing thieves). He put forward the idea of restoring the platform in Jiangzhou (Jiujiang, Jiangxi), and properly resolved the problem. At that time, an observer of the same view as An Tong was also general Wu De, who was punished by the envoy Qiannu in Jiangnan and Zhejiang, who once said: "The province exclusively controls Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and it is advisable to hang out." Xingtai general town jiangnan, should not be biased in Hangzhou. And the two major provinces stand side by side, the force is suffocated, the situation is threatening, and the platform is moved to the place where it is convenient. Lu Shirong, for personal motives, proposed to remove Xingtai. An Tong, Qiannu and others advocated the retention of the xingtai, but they did not only regard the xingtai as an institution that impeached the officials of various departments and officials for adultery and evil, but focused on the safety of the imperial court under the general situation. Behind the relocation around the abolition of the taiwan is a contest between different political positions and concepts. Lu Shirong did not rule for a long time, and in April of the 22nd year of the 22nd century (1285), Lu Shirong was imprisoned for the crime and later executed because of the impeachment of the inspector Yushi. In May, The Imperial Observatory of the Jiangnan Trip was moved back to Hangzhou. Jiangnan Xingtai moved to Jiangzhou and from Jiangzhou back to Hangzhou, clearly carrying traces of political games.