Liu Hui was the fifth son of Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gao. In the eleventh year of Han Gaozu (196 BC), after peng Yue, the king of Liang, was killed in rebellion, Han Gaozu made Liu Hui the King of Liang and set the capital at Daliang.
In the twelfth year of Han Gaozu (196 BC), Han Gaozu died, and Liu Hui's half-brother Liu Ying succeeded to the throne as Emperor Hui of Han. Liu Ying had a weak personality, and the power of the imperial court was controlled by his mother Empress Lü (Lü Hou).
He was enfeoffed as king of Zhao
In the first month of the seventh year of Lü Hou (181 BC), Liu Hui's half-brother Liu You, the King of Zhao You, was imprisoned and starved by Lü Hou, and Zhao Di was suspended in the air, and because of his deep hatred for Liu Ruyi, the first King of Zhao, Lü Hou also hated people and land. In February of the same year, Lü Hou issued an edict for Liu Hui to move to Zhao as king of Zhao[3-4], and Liang land was handed over to Lü Wang, Lü Chan, so that Liu Hui the Prince of Liang became the King of Zhao; Lü Chan, the King of Lü, became the King of Liang.
Liu Hui's title of Prince of Liang was originally given to Himang Gaozu when he was alive, and when he was crowned king, Liu Hui was still a child, but now he has grown up, and was suddenly renamed king of Zhao by Lü Hou, and Liu Hui was overwhelmed. From a common sense point of view, it should not be satisfactory. First, he grew up in Liangdi, the ancients have a very heavy local complex, the transportation is inconvenient, and he definitely does not want to leave his homeland; Second, the terrain of Zhao Di is remote, far less fertile than Liang Land; The third point is more important, that is, in Zhao Land, it is not auspicious to be the king, the previous two Zhao kings have died, and those who are kings there have been disasters of blood and light, and now Liu Hui himself is going to this extremely dangerous place of right and wrong, and the situation is not conducive to himself, and no one feels that the future is hopeless.
Married to a daughter of the Lü clan
After Liu Hui arrived in Zhao Di, Lü Hou did not immediately attack him, but did not give up his supervision, in order to completely control him in the palm of his hands, Lü Hou used the trick of Liu Lü's marriage and ordered him to marry Lü Chan's daughter as queen.
Prior to this, Liu Hui already had a concubine of his own, and the two were very affectionate. Queen Lü, on the other hand, had a brutal personality and a vicious heart, and she supported Lü Hou behind the scenes, monopolized power in the palace, secretly inspected Liu Hui, did not put Liu Hui in her eyes at all, did not let Liu Hui get close to any other woman, and deprived Liu Hui of any right to enjoy the joys of heaven.
Suicide for love
In the face of this blatant political assassination, Liu Hui mourned abnormally, but there was nothing he could do, and any way to live in front of him seemed to be closed to him, and he had more despair and fear than anger. Liu Was depressed and depressed. Liu Hui composed four elegy songs for Aifei, and every day the musicians recited them over and over again. Only four months after Aiji's death, in June of the seventh year of Lü Hou (181 BC), Liu Hui committed suicide because of excessive grief. After Lü Hou heard about it, he thought that Liu Hui had committed suicide as a woman, but instead of thinking of offering sacrifices to the Zongmiao Temple, he abolished his country and resolutely refused to adopt his son for him, so Liu Hui became an heir. Until Emperor Wen of Han posthumously honored him as King Gong.
Liu Bang and Fan Duo were fellow countrymen, Fan Duo was a dog slaughterer and sell dog meat, Liu Bang was not better there, the qin dynasty was destroyed, and with Zhang Liang's advice, Liu Bang gave up pleasure and led his troops back to Bashang.
Fan Duo, a great hero of Liu Bang's establishment of the Han Dynasty, dissuaded Liu Bang from staying in the Qin Palace after entering the customs, further persuaded Xiang Yu with a witty remark at the Hongmen Banquet, and protected Liu Bang from escaping. Fan Duo to Liu Bangqi's mother and son. Liu Bang had originally hated Lü Hou's interference in politics, and now that he heard these words, he was already terminally ill and more suspicious, so he sent Chen Ping and Zhou Bo to behead Fan Instead. After Chen Ping feared Lü, he only tied Fan Duo back to Beijing, Liu Bang had already died, and Fan Duo escaped the disaster. The reason why Liu Bang killed Fan Duo was mainly due to the following reasons:
First, Lu Xie, whom Liu Bang trusted, was found to have rebelled and fled to the Xiongnu, which made Liu Bang very distressed. Lu Xie and Liu Bang were born on the same day, grew up together, and the relationship between the two families was also very good, Liu Bang felt that even Lu Xie had betrayed himself, so Fan Huan could not believe it.
Second, Han Xin, Yingbu and others were beheaded one after another, and there were few generals under Liu Bang's command, and Fan Duo was one of the people who held the military power, in case of following the example of those heterosexual kings rebelling, it would inevitably endanger the Han Dynasty, and he would eliminate all those who threatened the Han Dynasty.
Third, Fan Duo, a person with a straight heart, always criticized Liu Bang for having an improper relationship with the eunuchs around him. Liu Bang feared that in the future Fan Yu would threaten his power in the name of the Qing emperor.
Fourth, Fan Huan married Lü Hou's sister, and they were all in the same camp, and Liu Ruyi, who was empress dowager, even wanted to make Liu Ruyi the crown prince at one point. If Fan Duo plotted rebellion, Liu Bang's favorite person would not be protected.
Why did Xiang Bo help Liu Bang
The Hongmen Banquet had always become Fan Zeng's insistence on killing Liu Bang, believing that if he left his mouth alive at this time, there would be great harm in the future, so he set up the Hongmen Banquet in order to cut the grass and remove the roots. At this time, Zhang Liang, who was working in Liu Bang's army, was Xiang Bo's famous minister who advised Xiang Yu not to kill him against morality. Later, Xiang Yu was in an embattled situation, and although Xiang Bo had a high status as Xiang Yu's uncle, he did not have much prestige and real power in the Chu army, and finally he was no exception to Liu Bang. Whether it was the initial love for Zhang Liang, which evolved into a marriage with Liu Bang's sons and daughters, although Xiang Bo had no talent, he also felt the difference between Liu and Xiang, Xiang Yu was rude and conceited, and there was no far-sightedness, while Liu Bang was able to honor corporal Xian, had great ambitions, and escaped from danger at the Hongmen banquet, and there would be great deeds in the future, presumably if he turned to him, Xiang Bo would also be more generous. However, Xiang Bo, who was reporting the news at that time, should not have thought that his self-righteous and benevolent deeds would change the situation between Liu Xiang in the future, resulting in the total destruction of the Xiang family's army.
Celebrity introductions
Emperor Liu Bang of the Han Dynasty (24th winter month 256 BC – 25 april 195 BC), a native of Zhongyangli, Peifengyi, was the founding emperor of the Han Dynasty: Han Gaozu, one of the great pioneers of the Han nation and Han culture, an outstanding statesman, outstanding strategist and conductor in Chinese history. He has made outstanding contributions to the development of the Han nationality and to the unity and strength of China. Liu Bang was born into a peasant family, was open-minded and generous, and did not produce. He successively served as the chief of the Pei County Surabaya Pavilion, the Pei Gong, the governor of The County, and the King of Han. Qin Shi died in the Mangzhong Mountains because of the release of the prisoners. Shortly after Chen Sheng's uprising, Liu Bang gathered three thousand of his sons in response to the uprising, attacked Pei County and other places, called Pei Gong, and soon defected to Xiangliang.
In October 206 BC, Liu Bang's army entered Bashang, and the Prince of Qin surrendered to Liu Bang. The Qin Dynasty fell. Liu Bang abolished the Qin Harsh Law and made three chapters of the Law with Guanzhong's father. After the Feast of Hongmen, he was crowned king of Han and ruled over bashu and the area around Hanzhong. In the early stages of the Chu-Han War, it was repeatedly defeated. However, he knew people well, paid attention to advice, could give full play to the talents of his subordinates, and paid attention to uniting forces against Xiang Yu in various places, and finally turned defeat into victory.
After defeating Xiang Yu, unify the world. On February 28, 202 BC, Liu Bang took the throne as emperor at the Yang of Dingtao Shuishui, with the capital chang'an, known in history as the Western Han Dynasty. After ascending the throne, he eliminated Han Xin, Peng Yue, Yingbu, Zang Di and other princes with different surnames, and split the land and divided the nine princes with the same surname. On the other hand, the system of rules and regulations was established and the relaxed policy of recuperation was adopted to govern the world, demobilizing soldiers and returning home, exempting them from forced labor, emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce, restoring the broken social economy, and stabilizing the feudal ruling order.
It not only appeased the people, but also contributed to the cultural foundation of the Han Dynasty's grace and generosity. Adopted a policy of peace and affinity toward the Xiongnu, opening up the city of Guanshi between the Han and the Xiongnu in order to ease relations between the two sides. In 195 BC, Liu Bang was shot by a stray arrow due to the rebellion against Yingbu, and then fell seriously ill and died in the same year, with the temple name Taizu and the title Ofe Gao. Mao Zedong's evaluation of Liu Bang was the most powerful among the feudal emperors.
Translation and appreciation of the original text of "The Song of the Birds"
Birds fly high and go thousands of miles in one fell swoop. Feathers are in place, across the sea.
Across the sea, when can you do it? Although there is a stake, shang'an gave it?
【Translations and Notes】
Translations
Swans fly into the sky and can fly thousands of miles (high) at once. The wings are full and can soar all over the world.
After you can soar around the world, how can [you] put it? Even if you have a sharp arrow, what can you do with it?
exegesis
(1) Birds: Swans. "Pipe Ring": Imafu Honghu, spring north and autumn south, without losing its time. "History of the Chen Shi Family": Yan Que An Zhi Hong Hu Zhi Ya?
(2) Lifting: Flapping wings and flying high. (3) 翮: 鬲本 refers to empty-foot pottery, and by extension refers to hollow. The original meaning of the feather is a hollow hard tube in the middle of the feather, and the poem refers to the feather. "Xunzi Wangzhi": The South China Sea has feather tooth leather.
(4) Just: into, plump. (5) 矰: Once meant reused, second-hand. The original meaning of the stone is to be able to recover the arrow that can be reused because of the silk rope. Pay: 敫 means to spread from one point to a vast space. The book in the poem refers to the shooting gear for hunting birds.
【Appreciation of works】
"The Song of the Birds" Si Hao and Liu Ying traveled around in the same car, making Liu Bang mistakenly think that Liu Ying had talent and was expected by everyone
Birds fly high and go thousands of miles in one fell swoop. Using the geese in the sky as a metaphor for the crown prince Liu Ying, liu Ying was established as the crown prince, which was when Liu Bang became emperor in 202 BC. Liu Bang later discovered that Liu Ying was too weak and feared that he would not be able to inherit the throne. He liked Liu Ruyi, the King of Zhao, and felt that Liu Ruyi was very similar to him. However, Liu Ying was born to Lü Yan. Liu Ruyi was born to Lady Qi, a concubine. Moreover, Lü Yan was also his yuanmate, and he had suffered hardships and hardships, and he was unable to make a decision for a while, and he repeatedly consulted the opinions of his close ministers. However, most of the ministers were Liu Bang's former friends and had a relationship with Lü Yan; and Lady Qi, in addition to the emperor's grace, had no mass base like Lü Yan's. Therefore, a group of old ministers, including Zhang Liang, the Marquis of Liu, advised Liu Bang not to dispense with Liu Ying's position as crown prince.
Liu Bang saw that the ministers supported Liu Ying. To think that he is like a magpie, or even a thousand miles in one fell swoop, is to be deceived. Wings are in place, across the world. It is still Liu Ying, and Liu Bang is still blinded by the illusion. Lü Zhi knew Liu Bang's thoughts, secretly anxious, she knew even more about the truth that the mother was noble, whose son became the emperor, the birth mother was the empress dowager, supremely honorable, so she spared no effort to carry out frequent behind-the-scenes activities, turning to the minister for help, and even bent down on her knees and begged Zhang Liang for help. In the end, according to Zhang Liang's idea, she asked Liu Ying to seduce the four famous scholars at that time, Shangshan Sihao. These four old men were Dongyuan Gong, Mr. Lu Li, Qi Li Ji and Xia Huang Gong. These four are the top worldly masters, known as Sihao, that is, four stars. Zhang Liang let the four old men become the prince's teachers. Si Hao had refused Liu Bang's invitation and refused to go out of the mountains to become an official, but now he traveled around with Liu Ying, making Liu Bang mistakenly think that Liu Ying had talent and was expected by all.
"The Song of the Birds" Liu Bang dismissed the idea of changing the crown prince, and Lady Qi was very sad and could not cry
Across the sea, what can you do? Although there is a stake, shang'an gave it? Liu Bang faced Lady Qi's crying and expressed his feelings of helplessness and helplessness. After Liu Bang became seriously ill, he knew that the limit was not far away, and once again mentioned the issue of succession to the ministers. The ministers, in addition to Chen's interests, all praised Liu Ying, which made Liu Bang finally dispel the idea of making him crown prince.
When he informed Mrs. Qi of this situation. Mrs. Qi was very sad and could not cry. Liu Bang comforted her and said: Chu dance for me, I am Ruo Chu song. "Hong Que Song" is such a worrying and affectionate song. "The Song of the Birds" is sincere and sincere, cleverly uses metaphors, is still a legacy of Chu Ci, and reads in connection with historical facts, and there is no lack of touching artistic power.
【Famous Reviews】
Qing Zhang Yugu: Four poignant sentences, disjointed and dark turns, Gai Luo Ji and its two meanings are one heart and white head to keep each other. Miao wept bitterly when marrying from a man's house, pointing out of thin air the wish of a woman to have the same thing, and said without saying anything about her own body, but her own body in Lish. Flinging hair can be in the occupation of identity, leaving the intention of obstruction and retention, and is the most vigilant.