Earlier, some mothers wanted to replace breast milk with milk. Later it turned out to be unworkable, so why is it irreplaceable, let's compare the system:
carbohydrates
The lactose content in human milk is about 7%, which is higher than that of cow's milk, and is dominated by α-beta lactose, which not only provides a considerable part of the baby's energy, but also a part of the lactose is converted into lactic acid in the small intestine, which is conducive to inhibiting the growth of intestinal bacteria and may help the absorption of calcium and other inorganic salts.
protein
The protein mass concentration of human milk in different lactation stages is different, colostrum is 2.9 g/100ml, transitional milk is 2.1 g/100ml, and mature milk is 1.3 g/100ml, that is, the protein mass concentration of human milk decreases with the prolongation of lactation period; bovine milk is about 3.3g/100ml, which is much higher than the protein mass concentration of human milk. The main protein of human milk is whey protein, which accounts for about 60% of the total protein, including lactoferrin, lactoalbumin and α-lactoalbumin, which accounts for about 40% of the total protein, mainly β-casein and κ-casein. The main protein of cow's milk is casein, which accounts for about 78.5% of the total protein, mainly alphas1 casein; bovine whey protein accounts for 21.5%, mainly α- lactoalbumin and β - lactoglobulin. It has been reported that β- lactoglobulin often causes allergies in people, especially infants. Alphas1 casein forms a large, hard clot in the baby's stomach, which is not only detrimental to self-absorption, but also affects the absorption of zinc.
fat
The mass fraction of saturated fatty acids in cow's milk is about 59%, and the saturated fatty acids in human milk are about 33% (consistent with the needs of synthetic human cells), which shows that the saturated fatty acids in cow's milk are close to 2 times that of human milk, of which c8:0, c10:0, c14:0, c16:0, c18:0 mass fractions are significantly higher than breast milk. The mass fraction of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (41%) in milk was significantly lower than that of human milk (67%), of which linoleic acid (c18:2), α-linolenic acid (c18:3) and aa (eicosapentaenoic acid) were significantly lower than that of human milk. DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is 0.414% in human milk, while there is almost no dha in cow's milk
Minerals
Due to the weak excretion and concentration capacity of the baby's kidneys, too many or too few minerals in the food are not suitable for the tolerance of the baby's kidneys and intestinal osmolality, which will lead to diarrhea or excessive load on the kidneys, and the osmotic pressure of human milk is lower than that of cow's milk, which is more in line with the physiological needs of infants. The calcium content in human milk is lower than that of cow's milk, but the calcium-phosphorus ratio is appropriate, about 2:1, which is conducive to calcium absorption. The content of iron in human milk is similar to that of cow's milk, but the absorption rate of iron in human milk is 45-75%, while cow's milk is only about 10%, in addition, the zinc and copper content in human milk is much higher than that of cow's milk, which is conducive to the growth and development of infants.
vitamin
The content of vitamin A, niacin and vitamin C in breast milk is high, especially vitamin A, which contains 150-600 IU per 100 ml of breast milk. Milk in vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 content is higher, but the vitamin D content is less, the vitamin D in breast milk is water-soluble vitamin D as the main component, so it is easy to absorb, especially to say that the content of vitamin D in breast milk and cow milk is insufficient, vitamin D deficiency affects the absorption of calcium and phosphorus by infants, making children susceptible to hypochondriasis, so babies should supplement vitamin D regardless of breastfeeding or cow's milk.
Modern science proves that breast milk is an irreplaceable food for babies, the first acquired condition to ensure the survival of babies, if not a last resort, breastfeeding should be insisted on instead of other foods instead of breast milk. Cow's milk is not irreplaceable, but it should be done as early as after the child's first birthday. Only breast milk is the best and most complete natural food for babies, containing the most appropriate proportion of all the nutrients needed in infancy. In addition, in the process of breastfeeding, the unique gaze between the mother and the baby, the mother's gentle language, touch, the intimate contact between the mother and the baby, and the taste of milk are all good stimuli for the baby's sight, hearing, touch, taste, temperature, etc., and are also unique training to promote the development of the baby's brain.
bibliography:
Li Jing, Deng Zeyuan. "Comparison of Different Nutritional Components of Breast Milk", China Dairy Industry.
Cui Yutao, "Cui Yutao Diagram of Family Parenting".