2016-05-01 Sugar night to pick up history
In June of the fifth year of Yongjia (311 CE), the Xiongnu Liu Cong attacked Luoyang and captured sima Chi, the emperor of the Jin Dynasty, and Zu Di followed hundreds of xiangdang families to Huaisi (淮泗, in present-day Xuhuai, Jiangsu) to avoid disaster. The Book of Jin says that Zu Ti "led hundreds of pro-party families to avoid Huaisi", as if Zu Ti had become a leading figure at this time, but this was actually a bit of an inversion. The reason why Zu Ti was elected by the township party was because on the way to the south, he took the initiative to give up the carriage and horse he was riding to the old, weak, sick and disabled, and he took out the medicine, clothing, food, etc. to share with everyone. When the Jin Dynasty crossed the south, it should not be said that the cloth-clad people fled for their lives in fear, disregarded their relatives in order to survive, changed their children and ate, and sold their wives and beards frequently, that is, the celebrities and magnates who were praised by the people of the world often abandoned their wives and children because they had no time to protect themselves. For example, the famous scholar Deng You, known for his virtues, abandoned his son in order to save his brother's son when he fled. After crossing the south, Deng You married a concubine, asked about her origins, said that it was chaos in the north, and then asked for his name, only to find that it was his niece. This kind of thing was commonplace during the Southern Crossing, and therefore, Zu Ti's willingness to lead the crowd to take refuge and share his belongings with others was unusual. Such a righteous, generous and strategic person undoubtedly became the reliance of the people's hearts at that time, so "the young chief xianzongzhi was prevaricating as the lord." These people later became the main fighting force of Zu Ti against the north.
After arriving at Sikou (泗口, in present-day Xuzhou), Zu Di was appointed by Sima Rui the Prince of Langya, who was then the general of Zhendong, as the Assassin of Xuzhou, and was soon conscripted into the military advisory offering, Tunjun Jingkou (屯军京口, in modern Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). Zu Di was worried about the society, unwilling to see the luoyang homeland overthrown by Rong Di, and spoke to Sima Rui, believing that the chaos in the Jin Dynasty was not because the monarch had no way, but because the kings were fighting for power, which led to Rong Di taking the opportunity to brutalize the Central Plains, "Now that Li li has been cruel, people have the ambition to fight", hoping that Sima Rui can support the Northern Expedition, drive Rong Di out of the Central Plains, and recover the rivers and mountains. Unfortunately, however, among those who had the ambition to fight and intended to support the Central Plains, sima rui, the king of Langya, was not included.
Although Sima Rui was said to be the great-grandson of Sima Yi, the Emperor xuan of Jin, he was actually a collateral clan relative, and if it were not for the rebellion of the Eight Kings, the kings of the Sima clan would have died too much, and the final color would not have fallen on him. At that time, Sima Yue, the king of the East China Sea, because the foreign forces in the north were too powerful, successively appointed Sima Rui as the general of the auxiliary state, the general of Pingdong, the military of Xuzhou, the general of Andong, and the military of Yangzhou, and also ordered the king of Langya to guide him as Sima and staff the military, so as to lay out Jiangdong, and once the north was lost, there was still Jiangnan to stay behind. Although Sima Yue's abacus was loud, at that time, the Jiangdong Shi clan was a faction of its own, and When Sima Rui and Wang Dao first arrived, the people did not buy their accounts at all. There is a saying in the Book of Jin, "And the migration of the town of Jiankang, the Wu people are not attached, juyueyu, shishu Mo has the reach", which made Wang Dao very worried. Although the annals of history record that at the time of the Shangwei Festival in March, the Langya Wang clan arranged a huge trip for Sima Rui, "riding on the shoulders, with prestige, Dun, Guide and all the famous scenic spots riding from the horse", which made the Jiangdong Shi clan not frightened and came to surrender, but the actual situation was not the case. In 311 AD, after the Yongjia Rebellion, yiguan crossed south, and the northern Shi clan successively entered the Jiangnan region, and there were many contradictions with the local Hao clan. For example, Zhou Xuan, who was born in the Yixing Zhou clan, whose father was the famous Eastern Wu general Zhou Fu, "strong and resolute Shen broke the father's style... Shiyou Xian looked at the wind and respected Yan, so the name was heavy on one side." Zhou Xuan not only had a great name, but also repeatedly quelled several rebellions in Jiangdong in the last years of the Western Jin Dynasty, but later because of the strength of the clan and the return of people's feelings, he was jealous of the northern warriors and even Sima Rui, and died of grief. Before his death, Zhou Xuan said to his son Zhou Xun, "Whoever killed me, all the servants, can restore it, is my son also", the servant is a contemptuous name of the Jiangnan Shi clan for the northerners, and Zhou Xuan's last words also led to the conspiracy rebellion of Zhou Xun later.
Zhou Xuan's affair was only one of the many contradictions between the Jiangdong Shi clan and the Northern Shi clan, so in this case, Sima Rui, the king of Langya, gave priority to wooing the people of Jiangdong rather than the Northern Expedition. Therefore, when Zu Ti asked for the Northern Expedition, Sima Rui was actually reluctant to support it, but the Northern Expedition was related to the society, and Sima Rui would certainly not be stupid enough to directly oppose it, so in the case of "Jing, Yang Yan'an, and a solid household registration" at that time, he symbolically allocated grain and grass to Zu Ti's thousand people, and three thousand horses to replenish military resources, as for the soldiers and weapons, zu Ti needed to prepare themselves.
If it was someone else, he would probably give up because of it, but Zu Di has a strong personality and an extremely tough style. Therefore, after receiving the appointment, Zu Ti immediately led more than a hundred families of the exiled tribe to the north, and when crossing the river, he buckled the middle stream, and swore that if he could not clear the Central Plains and restore the people, it would be like a big river! , "The words are magnificent, and everyone sighs." According to Mr. Wang Zhongji's "History of the Southern and Northern Dynasties of Wei and Jin", the part was originally a military structure since the two Han Dynasties, and in the Eastern Han Dynasty, because the dependence of the family and subjects was gradually strengthened, the part attached to the main general was increasingly deformed into the private part of the main general. In the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, when wars were frequent, the people, in order to seek protection, they attached themselves to the shijia clan with armed equipment, and the shijia clan also adopted a military structure in the process of self-defense of Tunwu, so that the guests and tenants who had been attached to them also became part of the armed department, and the combination of the two became the part of the Wei and Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties, that is, the family soldiers. The sources of these wandering parts that follow zu Ti are mainly divided into two parts. Part of it was the youth and strength of his clan when he was hiding in Huaisi, and the other part was Mu Zudi's famous guests who came to him. These guests were "all violent warriors", but Zu Ti treated them very righteously. At that time, there was a great famine in Yangzhou, and these people committed many thefts and stole the property of many rich families, and Zu Ti not only did not prohibit it, but also openly encouraged these people to rob, saying, "Is it better than Fu Nantang?" "How about, how about going up to the Qinhuai River again?" It is also recorded in the "New Language of the World" that Zu Di was frugal in temperament and lived a very simple life, but once when Wang Dao and Yu Liang went to visit him, they found that his room was full of treasures and robes, and he felt very strange. When asked, Zu Ti said indifferently, "I went to Nantang again last night." "If an official arrests and imprisons these people, Zu Di will come to the rescue." It is precisely because of this kind of intersection of spirits and spirits, so these brave and capable Haojie guests are also loyal to Zu Ti, willing to serve for their lives, and become a great help to the Zu family army. In addition to the original wandering part, Zu Ti led an army to Tun in Jiangyin (present-day southwest of Huaiyin, Jiangsu), and when forging weapons, he recruited more than 2,000 soldiers, and then he led the soldiers to the north.
At that time, although the north was chaotic, it was very conducive to the Northern Expedition.
As far as the foreign tribes were concerned, the Xiongnu Liu Yuan (Liu Yuanhai) had died, and his son Liu Cong's power was only in the areas of southern Jin, northern Henan, and Guanzhong. After Liu Yuan's death, he was originally the crown prince Liu He who took the throne, but because Liu He wanted to cut off the power of the kings, he was killed by Liu Cong. After killing Liu He, the Qunchen "wept and asked" Liu Cong to be made emperor. Liu Cong's wen and martial arts were both complete, and when he was weak, he traveled to Luoyang, the capital, and the celebrities competed to befriend him, and Wang Hun, Le Guang, and Zhang Hua of Taiyuan all praised him, so in the early days of his reign, he took Luoyang, killed the Second Emperor of the Western Jin Dynasty, broke Liu Kun, and repeatedly attacked Chang'an, and his power was quite strong. However, after Liu Cong was good at killing, and after Jiaping took his son Liu Yue as the prime minister in the third year (314 AD), politics became darker and darker, causing many riots and gradually weakening his power. At the same time, Liu Congbu, who had always been the enemy of the Jin army, failed to enter Jianghan, and most of the soldiers in the army were killed or wounded due to hunger and disease, so they retired to Hebei. From a political and military point of view, the Northern Expedition was very favorable.
From the perspective of the interior of the Jin Dynasty, because Rong Di hated the Han people and killed a lot, it aroused the dissatisfaction of the people and revolted against the enemy. In addition to liu kun and xianbei duan clan and Tuoba clan jointly resisted the north, there were also many local Hao clans, such as Pingyang Li Zhi, DongJun Wei Jun, henan Guo Mo, all of whom were elected by the township party as leaders and jointly attacked the foreign Kou. For example, Li Zhi of Pingyang once forced Shi Le to retreat, attacked and defeated Liu Cang, and achieved a lot of success. However, although they have the heart to fight against the outsiders, these dock owners are more for self-preservation, and Yu Jinmu actually does not have much loyalty. Among these dock lords, Zhang Ping and Fan Ya were quite powerful, "each holding a city, thousands of people", if they could not make these two people use for their own use, in the future when they attacked the north, they would be in serious trouble. Zu Ti originally planned to make friends with Xinyi and send yin qi to visit Zhang Ping and Fan Ya. However, Yin Qi's attitude was very arrogant, and he repeatedly spoke ill of Zhang Ping, causing Zhang Ping to be furious, kill Yin Qi, and support the army and refuse to cooperate with Zu Ti. Zu Di fought against him for more than a year, but still could not subdue him, so he had to use the divisive meter to kill Zhang Ping. In order to reward him for his merits, Sima Rui sent people to transport grain to him to pay for his army. However, because the road was long and it was not delivered for a long time, so that there was a great famine in the army, and Zhang Pingyuzhong assisted Fan Ya in attacking Zu Ti, Zu Ti was weak and invincible, so he had to turn to Nanzhong Lang's general Wang Han, and Wang Han ordered Huan Xuan to lead the troops to help. Huan Xuan was a trustworthy man, and he was a fellow villager with Zhang Ping and Fan Ya, and had previously persuaded them to surrender to Sima Rui and add general Sipin to conquer the north. Therefore, this time Huan Xuan came, zu Ti was not happy. He said to Huan Xuan, I hope you can help me persuade Fan Ya, if he can surrender, not only will he not be killed, but he will also be reused. It can also be seen from this that zu ti was not willing to kill the original northern enemy forces until the last resort, but instead hoped that they could be used for their own use and conspire against the Northern Expedition. Huan Xuan also lived up to expectations, and only took two retinues to visit Fan Ya, and after some hesitation, Fan Ya decided to surrender to Zu Ti. Unlike his good friend Liu Kun, who is shorter than the emperor, "in one day, although there are thousands of returnees, the goers are also successive", Corporal Zu Ti Lixian, regardless of his status, treats him with courtesy, so everyone is very loyal to him. Not only that, Zu Di also has a clear distinction between reward and punishment, even if the merit is small, it will be rewarded, and it will never be delayed until the next day. Through these means of either force or Huai rou, Zu Ti gradually took the wu fort power for his own use, and once the Hu people had any changes, the dock lords would secretly send people to inform Zu Ti as soon as possible to prepare. This also provided good internal support for the Northern Expedition.
However, not every dock owner is willing to accept the ancestral discipline. For example, when fighting against Fan Ya, Chen Chuan, the lord of Pengpiwu who had helped Zu Di, was attached to Shi Le because of his own general Li Tou. At that time, Li Tou liked Fan Ya's horse very much, but he did not dare to bring it up to Zu Ti, and after Zu Ti knew about it, because he was fighting Fan Ya, he gave him the horse. Li Tou was a rectum, because this matter was very grateful to Zu Ti's kindness, and often sighed, "If you can do things under this person, even if you die, what does it matter!" Therefore, he angered his former lord Chen Chuan and was killed. After Li Tou was killed, his pro-party Feng Yu led the crowd to surrender to Zu Ti, and Chen Chuan became more and more resentful, and ordered Wei Shuo to plunder the counties of Yuzhou, which was destroyed by Zu Ti's general Wei Ce. Chen Chuan was afraid that Zu Di would be unfavorable to him, so he led the crowd to attach himself to Shi Le. Zu Ti raised an army to fight, the banner was victorious, and the defeat of Shi Le congzi Shi Jilong, but later it became a tug-of-war between the two armies, holding each other for four months without seeing victory or defeat, and the grain and grass of both sides were gradually exhausted. Zu Di ordered the people to put the soil into the cloth bag, pretending to be rice, so that more than a thousand people could be transported to the front line; and several people were ordered to carry the rice and pretend to be very tired, and rest on the road. When the opposing soldiers saw this, they came out to grab the rice, and Zu Ti's soldiers immediately abandoned their burdens and fled. Shi Le's soldiers believed that the two armies were in a stalemate, but Zu Ti's side was rich in grain and grass, so they no longer had the courage to fight it. Not only that, Zu Ti also sent his troops To Han Qian and Feng Tie to rob the military grain shipped from the rear of Shi Le in Bishui, resulting in Shi Le's troops being defeated, and finally had to retreat, not only did not dare to spy on Henan, but also rebuilt the grave for Zu Ti's mother, and also sent a letter to Zu Ti, requesting that the envoys be sent to the market and trade exchanges. Although Zu Ti did not respond clearly, he did not impose restrictions--just as he encouraged his guests to rob Nantang in the first place, as long as he could profit from it, have money and grain, and be able to maintain his own power to resist foreign enemies, Zu Ti never cared about what the means were. It was only because Shi Le was after all the foreigner he wanted to resist, so Zu Ti could not blatantly agree to the handover as before, but his non-response was actually a kind of acquiescence. And the result is indeed what Zu Ti expected, "ten times the profit, so the public and private are rich, and the horses are growing."
In this case, the biggest benefit is actually the local people. In the nearly one hundred years from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the last year of the Western Jin Dynasty, there were frequent wars and chaos, and the people suffered greatly from it, and Zu Ti urged Nongsang not to livestock assets, and to bury the dead bones, sacrifice them, to put the soul of the people first, and the local people were not grateful to him, and at the wine-setting meeting, they blessed him and said:
Fortunately, Li was spared from captivity, and Sanchen met his loving father, and Xuanjiu forgot to work hard and drink, so why sing and dance.
Sima Rui statue
Obstructing foreign enemies in this way, winning the hearts and minds of the people, Zu Di supported the army in Yuzhou, and could not help but be jealous of the imperial court. In the fourth year of Daxing (321 AD), Sima Rui, the Jinyuan emperor who had already ascended the throne, ordered the famous Wuzhong scholar Dai Ruosi (Dai Yuan) to be the governor of Hefei to restrain Zu Di. Although the Book of Jin says that Zu Di believes that Dai Ruosi "has talent and hope, he has no far-sighted knowledge", but in fact, Dai Ruosi has a leisurely temperament and a ranger style. When he was a teenager, he and his companions robbed the ships, and happened to encounter land planes. Lu Ji saw him sitting on the bed of Hu commanding his companions, looked self-satisfied, quite graceful, and felt that this person would be available, so he befriended him. After Dai Ruosi raised filial piety to Luoyang, Lu Ji recommended him to Sima Lun, the King of Zhao, and Pan Jingshan, a native of the same county, praised Dai Ruosi for having the talent of public assistants. These were just praises given by others, and the one who really saw his Wei and Jin style bones was that Dai Ruosi was not afraid of danger during the later wang dun rebellion, and dared to say to Wang Dun, "Those who see the form are called rebellious, and those who are sincere are called loyal." Therefore, it is obviously biased for such a person to say that he "has talent and hope, but has no far-sightedness." What Zu Di really cares about is actually the second half of the sentence, "The thorns have been gathered, and the south of the river has been collected, and Ruosi Grace, once it comes to unify, it means very pity." The predecessors planted trees, the descendants cooled down, and it took almost a lifetime of effort to maintain a land of peace and contentment, but now they have to give it to others, this kind of thing, even if the heart is as broad as the ancestors, they are not willing. Not only that, at that time, in the Jiangnan Jin Dynasty, the great general Wang Dun and Sima Rui's close ministers Liu Kui and Diao Xie also had a lot of gaps. Although when Wang Dun was about to lead his troops into the dynasty, Zu Di "stared at him and shouted", and ordered someone to warn him, "Qing Yu Ah Hei, how dare you not be inferior!" Urge the noodles to go! I will order three thousand soldiers to the foot! "You go back and tell Wang Dun, how dare you be so inferior!" If I don't withdraw my troops quickly, I will immediately lead three thousand soldiers over, poke him in the foot with a spear, and drive him back! Wang Dun, who was also known for his strong temperament, heard Zu Ti say this, "Stop by smelling", but Zu Ti stuck to the north, after all, the whip was beyond his reach, and at this time he was old, and the signs of civil strife in the dprk were no longer something he could control or change.
Under such circumstances, Zu Di thought that the Northern Expedition in this life might be difficult to achieve, and his mood was sad and angry. Despite this, Zu Ti still tried to forge ahead, "Camp Wu Prison City, the north of the city is bordered by the Yellow River, the west is bordered by Chenggao, and the four sides are far away", and worried that the south is easy to be attacked by foreign Kou, he ordered Zi Runan Taishou Zuji and Ruyang Taishou Zhang Chang, Xincai Nei Shi Zhou Hong and others to lead the crowd to build a fortification. Although Zu Di raced against the clock, his body still weakened day by day. In 321 AD, that is, in September of the fourth year of the Jin Dynasty Emperor Daxing, Zu Ti died at the age of fifty-six, "If the yuzhou warrior daughter mourns the concubine, the people of Yuliang will erect a shrine for it."
Many years later, a famous lyricist in the Southern Song Dynasty wrote such a poem in the face of a similar scene:
Carefully put Junshi said: Trance after-sound, Juntian Hao, Dongting Jiaoge. There was no dust in the cliffs, only layers of ice and snow. At first glance, cold hair. Since the past, the beauty of the people has a short life, and the ancients are sad for the moon. The golden house is cold, and the night is quiet.
Go to the home of the Five Kings of heaven and earth. Look at the air, the bleakness of the fish and dragons, and the opening and closing of the wind and clouds. Looking up at the Shenzhou Road, the day is selling the bones of the war. Sigh and everyone is gone! In the middle of the night, the wind is singing and the wind is mourning, listening to Zheng Zheng, and the iron between the eaves of the horses. The South and the North are splitting!
The South and the North are splitting, this is the scene that Zu Ti most does not want to see, and throughout his life, he has always been as he insisted when he was a teenager, for the country as a home, in the name of Haojie, doing haojie things, and what we can remember and feel is his heroism, no matter how dangerous the situation is, how weak the support is, even if he is poor, he has never ended the road-
The lake and the sea hugged the matter, and the stones went to the sea, and the whip was waved.
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