Title XVIII, Chapter 5
Chu Fan followed the song of public opinion and passed by Confucius: "Feng Xi Feng Xi! The Decline of Ho tak? Those who go are not to be advised, but those who come can be traced. That's it! Today's politicians are gone! "Confucius, want to talk to him. It is not to be said that it is necessary to deviate from it.
Maniac: 狾 (zhì) indoctrine also. From the dog, 㞷 (㞷 (huáng) sound. Referring to the vigorous birth of grass and trees, Duan Yu cut note: "Vain birth is still angry." "The combination of inuyasha means that the dog is in a state of epilepsy beyond the usual, that is, madness.
The original meaning of madness refers to the dog going crazy, and extends to the mental disorder of people, such as zhang Pu (pǔ) in the Ming Dynasty's "Tombstone of the Five People": "And there are haircut Dumen, pretending to be crazy and do not know what to do." ”
Madness also extends to light-heartedness, indulgence, and arrogance, such as "Twenty-three Years of Zuo Chuan Zhaogong": "Young and crazy. ”
There is also a saying that the mad dog follows the direction, that is, the dog rushes towards the target. People run as "walking", horses run as "galloping", dogs run as "crazy"; crowds run together as "running", horses run together as "sudden", and dogs run together as "soaring".
The dog runs wildly, and then extends the meaning of fierceness and turbulence, such as Li Bai's "Song of General Sima": "The wind blows the ancient moon." ”
Madness also means "slander", deception. For example, "Zhuangzi Getaway": "I think I am crazy and do not believe it." ”
Chu Madness is the Chu State Madman.
Receiving public opinion: that is, Lu Tong, the character jieyu, a famous hermit of the Chu state in the Spring and Autumn Period. Usually, "ploughing to eat", because of dissatisfaction with the society at that time, cutting off hair, pretending to be crazy, so it is also known as Chu crazy to receive public opinion.
He liked to make all kinds of big and inappropriate remarks, claiming that there were immortals living on the distant Guzhi Mountain, these immortals did not need to eat grains, could suck wind and drink dew, soared clouds and fog, and ensured that the people had a good harvest every year.
Jieyu also sang a song from the front of Confucius's car, satirizing Confucius's active politics. King Zhao of Chu heard that the reception was very talented, and sent emissaries with hundreds of gold and chariots and horses to hire him as an official to govern Jiangnan, but the reception was rejected, and the emissaries had to discard the gifts at the door of the receiving public opinion.
Tong's wife came from the city and said: "Sir, if you are young and righteous, is it not the same as the old man?" Outside the door the car tracks how deep also! Mr. Concubine cultivates poorly to feed himself, personally weaves for clothing, eats enough to eat, and enjoys himself! Better to go. ”
The two of them eventually lived in seclusion in Mount Emei, feeding on reeds and leeks, raising mountains and forests, and indifferent to life until they died. The couple was later revered as the Great Immortal by Taoism, and the "Tianji Inner Phase" in the "Four Phases of Tianfu" refers to the receiving public opinion.
The Eastern Jin Dynasty poet Tao Yuanming has the sentence "The understanding of the past is not advised, and those who know the coming can be traced", which is an allusion to the borrowed "receiving public opinion song phoenix". There is also a record of receiving public opinion in "Zhuangzi On Earth".
There is also Han Yu's "Peony Medicine Song": "Who is the drunk singer before the flower, the Chu crazy boy Han Retreat." Li Bai has the sentence "I am a madman, fengge laughs at Kong Qiu".
Liu Yazi, a modern democrat, also has a poem "There is a Huaizhang Taiyan Zou Danwei Two Mr. In Prison": "Weeping Lin, Sorrowful Phoenix, Pretending to Be a Fanatic, Fighting Tigers and Slaughtering Dragons Revolutionary Army".
Later generations often used the phrase "receiving public opinion and phoenixing" as a metaphor for political corruption and hopelessness, indicating avoidance and pride in the world; using "Chu madness" to refer to wild and unruly people; and "Fengde" to praise beautiful character. In addition, there are also sayings such as "Chu Lu GaoGe", "Chu Ren Feng", "Receiving Public Opinion Madness", "Feng Decline", etc., although their meanings are different, they all originate from "Chu Crazy Song Feng".
The concubine surname Lu and the successor clan all recognize him as the ancestor.
Feng: This refers to Confucius.
The Decline of Ho Tak: How can you be so depressed and depressed?
Chase: Sui also, oracle bones from the stop (foot) from the bow, will hold the bow to chase the meaning. It gradually evolved into a congregation.
The original meaning of chasing is to chase. For example, Jia Qian's "Theory of Passing the Qin": "Chasing the dead to the north, ambushing millions of corpses, bleeding and drifting." "Chasing also refers to chasing and following behind, such as "a word is out, and the horse is difficult to chase." ”
Chasing also refers to exploring, seeking, and striving to achieve certain goals, such as "chasing fame and profit" and "chasing the root of the matter".
It is also extended to go back in time and make up for the past. For example, Zhuge Liang's "Table of Renunciation": "Gai chased after the special encounter of the former emperor, and wanted to repay his majesty." ”
"Those who have gone before cannot be advised, but those who come can still be traced" means that the past cannot be repaired and compensated, and the future can still catch up.
The full text is understood to mean:
The madman of the Chu kingdom sang a song past Confucius and said, "O phoenix, phoenix! Why do you look so depressed? Needless to say, the past can be grasped. Forget it, forget it, the people in politics today are really too slack. Confucius got out of the car and wanted to talk to him. He hurried away, and Confucius was not allowed to speak to him.
The focus of understanding this article is "moral decline" and "extinction". The sages of all generations have understood the "virtue" of "moral decline" as the "virtue" of morality, which is difficult to say.
For example, Zhu Xi's note: "Receiving public opinion is better than Confucius, and ridiculing him cannot be hidden as 'moral decline'." Yang Bojun understood "the decline of He De" as: "Why is it so unlucky?" Both Qian Mu and Li Zehou understand it as "moral weakness", which makes people feel confused.
The "moral decline" in this article should be understood as: "the appearance of losing the soul and falling down". Virtue can also refer to a person's mental outlook, and when a person is decadent and depressed, it can be called "moral decline", such as "old age and moral decline".
The sages all understood "perishing" as "endangered", and they understood "today's politicians are dead" as "today's politicians are very dangerous", which obviously did not conform to the context of the time.
What kind of people are the "politicians of today"? Confucius once commented: "Oh! The man who fights the flute, what a sufficiency! ”
Meaning: Today's politicians are all narrow-minded, shallow-sighted incompetents, where can they be called "soldiers"? They like to play with power and do nothing, they have an arrogant color but no dedication, they are full of waste and do not know what to do, they are dignified and derelict their duties, they are not worthy of being company!
The Four Phases of Tianfu zhang Daoling
The word "Heavenly Master" that we often hear is derived from Zhuangzi, which means a teacher who conforms to the natural way, and is the Yellow Emperor's honorific title for teacher Qibo.
Later, the founder of Taoism, the first generation of Tianshi Zhang Daoling, used this title, and the descendants who inherited his mantle also inherited the title of Tianshi, in addition to a small number of Figures of the Taoist Founding Sect, who were also honored as Tianshi, and Taoism has the saying that there are four great Celestial Masters.
The names of the "Four Heavenly Masters" were first mentioned in the Journey to the West, namely Zhang Daoling, Ge Xuan, Sa Shoujian, and Xu Xun (Xu Jingyang), the four heavenly gods in front of the Jade Emperor's Palace.
In addition to the Celestial Master, there are also Celestial Phases, and the Tianfu has the "Four Phases", they are the four prime ministers who assist the Jade Emperor God in the Lingxiao Treasure Hall of the Ming Dynasty Palace, namely:
1, Tai Xuan Shang Xiang, Zhang Zhen Dao Ling (i.e. Zheng Yi Sect Leader), 2, Yu Qing Shang Xiang Yin Zhen Xi Zi Gong Du (i.e. Lou Guan Sect Leader), 3, Tianshu Envoy Xiang Xu Zhen Xun (i.e. Jing Ming Sect Lord), 4, Tianji Inner Xiang Lu Zhen Tong (i.e. Receiving Public Opinion True People)
Zhang Daoling (張道陵), courtesy name Fuhan, was a native of Feng County, Eastern Han Dynasty (present-day Feng County, Xuzhou, Jiangsu). Founder of Taoism. Because of its original creation of the Wudou Rice Road, also known as Tianshi Dao, it is also known as Zhang Tianshi.
Zhang Ling is said to be the eighth grandson of Zhang Liang, the founding hero of the Western Han Dynasty, his father was called Zhang Dashun, a good immortal skill, called himself "Tongbai Zhenren", gave birth to a son, that is, named "Ling", hoping to follow the ancestors in the future, away from the world, and climb the tomb into an immortal.
Zhang Daoling was brilliant since childhood, and he read through the Tao Te Ching at the age of seven. When he was a scholar of Taixue, Botong's "Five Classics", astronomical geography, and the book of Heluo wei were all familiar, and more than a thousand scholars from it were learned.
Zhang Daoling often lamented that the books he read could not solve the problem of life and death, so he abandoned Confucianism and learned the way of immortality. At the age of 26, he was an official who worshiped Jiangzhou (present-day Chongqing), but soon resigned his official position and went into seclusion in Luoyang North Mountain (present-day Luoyang North, Henan), where he studied the Tao.
Emperor Zhang of Han and Emperor He of Han successively recruited him to the posts of Taifu and Marquis of Jixian, and both resigned. After that, Zhang Daoling began to travel to the famous mountains and rivers and visit the Dao to seek immortals. First, he traveled south to the Huai River, jutongbai Taiping Mountain, and then crossed the river with his disciples Wang Chang and Zhao Sheng to Yunjin Mountain in Guixi County, Jiangxi.
Yunjin Mountain has beautiful mountains and clear waters, the scenery is quiet, and it is the habitat of the ancient immortals, and Zhang Daoling lives on the mountain and builds an altar to refine Dan. Legend has it that three years later, the dragon and tiger appeared, so the mountain is also known as the Dragon and Tiger Mountain.
Zhang Daoling entered Shudi when he was 60 years old, and the reason for Zhang Daoling's entry into Shu was that "the people of Wenshu are pure and thick, easy to educate, and there are many mountains", which is beneficial to the creation of religion; second, "Smelling bashu rash qi endangers the human body, and the people are trapped by diseases and plagues", he wants to use Fu and Dan to treat people's diseases.
After entering the river, he first lived in Yangping Mountain, then in Heming Mountain, and also went to Xicheng Mountain, Ge Fu Mountain, Qin Zhongshan, Changli Mountain, Yongquan Mountain, Zhendu Mountain, Beiping Mountain, and Qingcheng Mountain.
In the sixth year of Yonghe (141), Zhang Daoling wrote 24 Taoist books, called himself "Taiqing Xuanyuan", accepted disciples and established a taoist grass-roots organization. Those who follow his tao must take five buckets of rice, which is then called "five buckets of rice".
According to legend, on the fifteenth day of the first month of the first year (142) of the first year of the Han Shun Emperor Han An, The Taishang Laojun descended on Shudi and taught Zhang Daoling the "Way of Zhengyi Mengwei" and instructed him to sweep away demons and save the people. Zhang Daoling founded Taoism in this regard, respecting Lao Tzu as the ancestor and "Tao" as the highest faith.
In the second year of Yongshou (156), Zhang Daoling ascended to immortality and left at the age of 123. In the seventh year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang 's reign ( 748 ) , he gave Zhang Daoling the title of "Taishi" (太師) because of Lao Tzu's book. In the fourth year of Emperor Xizong's reign (884), he was given the title of "Three Heavenly Great Masters of The Fujiao Sect".
In the second year (1108) of Emperor Huizong of Song's reign, he gave the title of "Zhengyi Jing Ying Zhenjun", and Emperor Lizong added the title of "Three Days to Support the Sect of Auxiliary Yuan, zheng yijing should show the true king".
Emperor Yuanchengzong added the title of "Zhengyi Chong Xuan Deified Jing Ying Manifest True King". Emperor Ming Chongzhen added the title of "Liuhe InfiniteLy Wise God". The Zhengyi sect is called the Ancestral Heavenly Master, the Taixuan Shangxiang, and the Great Saint Descending Demon Protector Dao Tianzun.