One of the Four Great Celestial Masters (Three Heavenly Masters Zhengyi Zhenren): Zhang Daoling

Zhang Daoling (22 February 34 – 156), courtesy name FuHan, was a Han Chinese, a Taoist from The Han Dynasty (in present-day Feng County, Jiangsu). Zhengyi Mengwei Dao, that is, the founder of the Heavenly Master Dao, Taishang Laojun "gave the Three Heavenly Fa-rectification and was destined to be the Heavenly Master", "for the Three-Day Master Zhengyi Zhenren", and was later honored as "Lao Zu Tianshi". Zhang Daoling "Zhengyi Zhenren", "Three Days fujiao grand master", high god, Zhang Tianshi. In the book "Notes on Lao Tzu's Thoughts", there are more than 300 disciples, and 24 rules are established, laying the foundation of the Heavenly Master Dao. Zhang Daoling, Ge Xuan, Xu Xun, and Sa Shoujian were collectively known as the Four Heavenly Masters. Zhang Daoling's background in the creation of Tianshi Dao: At that time, in the Bashu area, the original Ba people believed in primitive witchcraft, and large-scale obscenity harmed the people. And these Dharma shamans who worship ghosts and demons (scientific name: demons) gather together to collect wealth and do no evil. Zhang Tianshi, together with Wang Chang, Zhao Sheng's two disciples, and the Yellow Emperor Jiuding Danjing, came to beiqi Mountain to practice and pacify the lich cult that plagued the people. The story of Zhang Tianshi's Sword Seal Rune Great Ghost Soldier circulating in the Sichuan-Chongqing area is based on this.

Zhang Daoling (張道陵), also spelled Fu Han, the eighth grandson of Zhang Liang, the founding hero of the Western Han Dynasty, records in the "Han Tianshi Shijia": Liangsheng No Doubt, No Doubt Sheng Gao, Gao Sheng Tong, Tong Sheng Wu Yu, Wu Yu Sheng Li Ren, Li Ren Sheng Hao, Hao Sheng Gang, Gang Sheng Da Shun, Da Shun Sheng Dao Ling. Han Guangwu Jianwu was born on the fifteenth day of the first month of the tenth year of the tenth year in Afang Village, Feng County, before birth, his mother dreamed of the decline of Kuixing, and felt pregnant. At birth, the room is full of strange fragrances, the whole month is not dispersed, the yellow cloud covers the top, and the purple gas is in the courtyard. Since childhood, he was brilliant, at the age of seven, he read through the Tao Te Ching, astronomical geography, the book of Heluo Chenwei, all of which he knew, when he was a Taixue scholar, Hetong "Five Classics", and later sighed: "These books cannot solve the problem of life and death!" So he abandoned Confucianism and learned the way of eternal life. Zhang Zu was twenty-five years old and had been an official in Jiangzhou Ling. However, he was in the government of the dynasty, and he was in a state of humility, and soon he lived in seclusion in the mountains of Luoyang North, where he studied the Tao, cultivated for three years, and had a white tiger mouth jade charm to go to it. In the early years of Yongyuan (89 AD), Emperor He of Han gave him the title of Taifu (太傅) and was also made the Marquis of Jixian (冀县侯), and after three edicts, Zhang Zudu declined, saying to the emissary: "Life is alive, but it is a hundred years old, time is fleeting, and it is fleeting." Parents Long en, wives and concubines love, also disappear at any time. The grace of the king, who sees it for a long time? Tell the Holy Father, as long as you are quiet and widowed, and rule by doing nothing, the world will naturally be determined, what use will I have? I am determined to be in the green mountains! In order to avoid the noise and harassment of the customs in the suburbs of Kyoto, Zhang Zu decided to travel to the famous mountains and rivers and visit the dao to seek immortals.　　

Zhang's ancestors traveled south to the Huai River and lived in the Taiping Mountains of Tongbai, and later crossed the river with his disciples Wang Chang and Zhao Sheng, and lived in Yunjin Mountain in Guixi County, Jiangxi. This place has beautiful mountains and clear waters, the scenery is quiet, for the ancient immortals to live, Zhang Zu lived on the mountain, and built an altar to refine Dan, three years and the god Dancheng; the dragon and tiger appeared, so the mountain is also known as the Dragon and Tiger Mountain. At that time, Zhang Zu was sixty years old, and later moved to Heming Mountain in Sichuan, feeling that the stone crane was long-singing.　　

On the fifteenth day of the first month of the first year of the Han Shun Emperor Han An (142 AD), it is said that Taishang Laojun descended to Shudi and taught Zhang Zu the "Taiping Cave Extreme Classic", "Zhengyi Mengwei Twenty-four Pin Fa Gong", "Three Five Du Gong Jade Seal", male and female slashing evil swords and other scriptures and magic tools, worshiped as a heavenly master, and instructed the heavenly master to practice the way of Zhengyi Mengwei, sweep away demons, and save the people. Therefore, in July of the second year of Han'an, the Heavenly Master ascended Mount Qingcheng, and he would meet eight ghost marshals, fight against all the ghosts, subdue the demons of the outer path, and exterminate the evil and hypocrisy. The Heavenly Master Dao Fa Tong Xuan, the demons are invincible, each surrendered, willing to convert to the right path, so the Heavenly Master ordered the Five Directions, Eight Parts, Six Heavenly Ghost Gods, under the altar of the Yellow Emperor on Qingcheng Mountain, to make an oath, people in the Yang Realm, ghosts in the netherworld, so that the Six Heavenly Ghost King was imprisoned in the Capital City of Northern Yin, and the Eight Ghost Commanders were exiled to the border areas of the Western Regions. Since then, the demons have surrendered and the people have been happy, and there are still monuments such as the Oath Ghost Platform and the Ghost Boundary Monument where the Heavenly Master fought with the ghost marshals on Mount Qingcheng.　　

The Heavenly Master sent down demons and demons to save sentient beings, and the people of Shudi were very touched and willing to listen to the Heavenly Master's teachings. Therefore, the Celestial Master established the Twenty-Four Rules, collected disciples widely, and educated the people. On September 9 of the first year of the reign of Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, in the Middle Of the Quting Mountain in Chicheng, Sichuan, the Jade Emperor sent emissaries to hold a jade book and seal the Heavenly Master as Zhengyi Zhenren, who was 123 years old and soared with the Cangxi Yuntai Mountain.

Zhang Daoling, originally named Zhang Ling, later changed to the current name. Ben is a Taixue scholar, sexually studious, knowledgeable of the Five Classics, walking in the way of Huang Lao, and at the age of seven, he was able to pass through the Dejing and the Book of Heluotu, all of which are extremely occult. He is a learned man. After abandoning the official learning Tao. Founded Zhengyi Mengwei Road, referred to as Zhengyi Road for short. Emperor Shi Yongshou of the Han Shun Emperor founded the Zhengyi Mengwei Dao in heming Mountain in the first year, and Taishang Laojun "gave the Three Heavenly Fa-rectification and was ordained as the Heavenly Master", called himself "the Three-Day Master Zhengyi Zhenren", and compiled 24 Daoshu. Emperor Huan of Han ascended to Lingtai Mountain (also known as Tianzhu Mountain) in Cangxi County, Sichuan, at the age of 123, and was known in Taoism as the "Ancestral Heavenly Master". Legend has it that the 1st generation of Heavenly Master Zhang Daoling and Taishang Laojun learned the Tao by Lao Jun himself, and they were unique in nature and strong in Daofa.

The Daoist sect created by The Ancestral Heavenly Master is called Zhengyi Mengwei Dao, referred to as Zhengyi. However, because those who followed his tao had to produce five buckets of rice, it was also called wudou rice road at that time (Editor's note: In fact, it is mostly used as a contemptuous name, but the junior high school textbook calls it Wudou Rice Road Zhang Daoling In addition to curing diseases and driving away evil spirits and disasters, twenty-four religious activity centers were established in the Bashu region, that is, twenty-four governance. The Taoist people regularly went to the temple to learn the Tao and pray. His grandson Zhang Lu had an army at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, during the Three Kingdoms period, and established a theocratic separatist regime in Hanzhong. And use the power of the regime to promote some social and sectarian ideas, for example, for those who have committed crimes, instead of severe punishment, but forgive three times and then punish them, the punishment is also relatively light, generally let him build a road. At the same time, a righteous house is set up on the road, which is filled with rice and meat, and passers-by can measure their stomachs and eat. These measures have created a relatively relaxed living environment for the people under the chaotic situation in the world, so they have won the support of the local Han and ethnic minority people. Later, Zhang Lu surrendered to Cao Cao, and the separatist regime could no longer exist. Cao Cao moved the power of Tianshi Dao to the north, but Let Zhengyi Mengwei Taoism was retained and spread to the interior.

[Did Zhang Tianshi live to be 123 years old?] 】

Inside Taoism, it basically follows the Ming Dynasty's "Han Tianshi Shijia": "The "Shijia" compiled today was originally from Liuwen Chenghou (Zhang Liang)... (Zhang) Haosheng Gang, Gangsheng Tong wu Zhenren Da Shun, Da Shun Sheng Han Tianshi Daoling, is the sect of Xuanjiao. "Zu Tianshi, Zhen Daoling, ZiFu Han, Pei Feng Yi people also ... On the fifteenth night of the first month of the tenth year of Han Jianwu (34 AD), he was born on Haozhi Tianmu Mountain... The second year of Yongshou (156 AD)... Rising by the clouds, the one who is on earth, one hundred and twenty-three years old. ”

Liuhou ZhangLiang was a large family, and there were relatively detailed records in the past. In comparison with the history books, the Book of the Later Han Dynasty - Liechuan Forty-Six says that "Zhang Hanzi Shuming, Qian was also a Wuyang person." The sixth Zu Liang, when Emperor Gao was the crown prince, was the prince of the marquis... In the first year of Yang Jia (132 AD), he was restored to the rank of Tingwei. He died at the age of eighty-three. ”

It can be seen that Zhang Hao is the sixth grandson of Zhang Liang, and Zhang Ling is the ninth grandson of Zhang Liang, that is to say, Zhang Hao is Zhang Ling's great-grandfather. Zhang Hao died at the age of eighty-three in the first year of Yang Jia, and it is inferred that he should have been born in 50 AD, that is, in the twenty-sixth year of Jianwu, but sixteen years ago, his great-grandson Zhang Ling was born before him.

Southern Liang Li Bing's Book of Shu (also known as the Book of Yizhou) records: "Zhang Ling entered the Crane Ming Mountain and called himself a Heavenly Master. At the end of Han Xiping, he was sniffed by pythons. Zi Heng rushed out, looking for the corpse, fearing the ridicule of the Qing Discussion, but assuming that the power party, in order to show the traces of spiritualization, gave birth to crane feet, and placed on the top of the stone cliff. In the first year of Guanghe, the envoys were sent to warn: On the seventh day of the first month, the Heavenly Master ascended to Xuandu."

Monasticism descends demons

Zhang Daoling first retired to the Northern Qishan Monastery, and then obtained the Yellow Emperor Jiuding Danjing, cultivated in fanyang mountain, Dan Chengfuzhi, scored the magic of scattered shadows, theosophical changes, sat in the standing death, in each pan pool, on the chanting hall, hidden a few pairs of guests, the staff quinoa chanting, a moment and go, everyone can not predict its spirituality. Later, in the Stone Chamber of Ten Thousand Mountains, he obtained the secret text of the Hidden Book and the art of commanding the gods of the mountain, which was tested. The People of Wenshu were simple and pure, easy to teach, and many mountains, but sent disciples into Shu and lived in seclusion in Heming Mountain. Having met Lao Jun, he took medicine prepared in a hermitage, practiced according to law, and for three years Dancheng did not dare to take the bait, saying that the disciple knew that the divine Dan had become a master, but he had not made great achievements in the world, and he must eliminate the harm and profit for the country, so as to help the people, and then serve dan lightly, and the three realms of the subjects, and the people should not be ashamed. Lao Jun sent Qing and Jade Girls, taught the method of Tuna Qinghe, practiced for a thousand days, and was able to see the five internal organs and gather external gods. Six days of demons, all surrendered. In the first days of Shu, there were tens of thousands of devils, the day was the city, the plague was practiced arbitrarily, and the people were harmed for a long time, since the six days of the great devil was surrendered, Zhang Daoling rebuked his ghosts, scattered in the barren land of the northwest, and swore an oath with them, the lord of the people in the day, the ghosts in the night, the yin and yang, each has its own existence, and the violator is the law, and will be cursed. So the underworld is exotic, the people and ghosts are different, and the people of Shu are greatly benefited. Meritorious Montague was canonized as a one-day master.

Chengxian

From September 9 of the second year of Yongshou to Yuntai Zhi, with Yu Dan, and Yin, Sword, Du Gong Fu Zhen, Zhi Zi Heng Yue: "I met Taishang personally passed on to the Tao, and this article is the general leader of the Three Five Du Gong, zheng yi shu. The throne of Shaowu, the son of the world, cannot be passed on unless he is a parent of Emperor Wuzong. "Zhengyi Jing" Yun: "The Taixuan Sutra of the Taishang Sect has two hundred and seventy volumes, and the examination is the First Month of the Han Dynasty. It was The disciples wang chang and Zhao Sheng, who were disciples of the Japanese, soared in the sun with his wife Yongshi on yuntai mountain in present-day Cangxi County, Sichuan Province. It is for the first generation of Zhang Tianshi of Zhengyi, and for the ancestor of Tianshi Daozhengyi.

In the second year of Yongping's second year, he went to the "Straight Talk Extreme Advice Section" and Zhongzhi, during the reign of Emperor Ming of Han Ming, he baiba Commandery (江州令, in present-day Chongqing), and soon retired to the Northern Mountains (near present-day Luoyang, Henan), practicing the path of refining form aiki, and breaking the valley and sleeping in the path of immortality. In the first five years of the founding of the country, the edict was unworthy of the virtuous and good fang, and the re-enlistment was made a doctor, and the marquis of Ji County was sealed, and the three edicts were not fulfilled. Later, after entering Wu, he also loved the deep beauty of The Creek Ridge in Shu, so he entered Shu and hid in the Crane Ming Mountain to cultivate the art of the Divine Dan Spell.

Zhang Daoling had disciples Wang Chang and Zhao Sheng who followed him to learn the way of Huang Lao, helped refine the Dragon and Tiger Great Dan, Dan Cheng, returned to old age and childhood, and went to visit Xianyuan.

One day, in the Northern Yue Song Mountains, he met an embroidered emissary and told him: "In the Zhongfeng Stone Room, there are the Secret Codes of the Three Emperors and the Book of the Yellow Emperor's Nine Ding Dans. So Zhang Daoling fasted and entered the stone chamber, and sure enough, he got the Danjing Daoshu, so he went to Yunjin Mountain (that is, Dragon and Tiger Mountain) to meditate on cultivation and score the art of scattering shadows.

Between a day and a half of waking up like a dream, he suddenly saw the Taishang Laojun descend and said to Zhang Daoling: "Recently, there are six great demon kings in Shu, and the people are violent, and your merits in ruling them are immeasurable, and the list of Dantai is immeasurable!" He was awarded the "Zhengyi Mengwei Charm", the Three-Five-Five Sword of Evil Androgynous Sword, the Yangping Zhidu Gong Seal, the Flat Top Crown, the Bagua Dress, the Square Skirt, and the Zhu Lu. For a period of 1,000 days, the date was held in Langyuan.

Zhang Daoling paid homage to Lao Jun, and the secret text of the Sun Dynasty could gather 36,000 gods and 1,200 officials for driving. He then went to Mount Qingcheng, placed a high glass seat, on the left for the Yuan Shi Tianzun, on the right for the Thirty-six Sutras, for the Ten Absolute Spirit Banners, for the Bells and Chicks, for the Dragon and Tiger Divine Soldiers, and cast spells.

The Demon King Ghost Shuai pleaded in unison, all of them were impressed, saying that they would no longer dare to abuse the people. Zhang Daoling collected the eight ghost gods, surrendered the six-day demon king, and the group of demons was extinct. He then went with his disciples Wang Chang and Zhao Sheng to Yuntai Buju in present-day Cangxi County, Sichuan Province, to continue his cultivation.

After ambushing the demons, Lao Jun ordered the messenger to descend and tell him: "The work of the Son has won the position of the Nine True Immortals, but there are too many ghosts, and it is inevitable that the killing spirit will be empty, and it is not the purpose of the Dao to live well." The son had to repair for another three thousand and six days, and I waited for the son in the Shangqing Eight King's Palace. So Daoling Nai, along with his disciples Wang Chang and Zhao Sheng, went back to Yuntai Mountain in present-day Cangxi County, Sichuan Province, and practiced for more than twenty years.

In the first month of the first year of Yongshou, it is said that Taishang Laojun and Zhongzhen returned to surrender, saying for Zhang Daoling: "Beidou Yansheng True Scripture" and "Three Eight Confessions of Guilt". In the spring of the second year of Yongshou, the gods of the Three Realms will be under the altar of the Yellow Emperor on Mount Qingcheng, and the five mountains and four defilements will be established, and the twenty-four rulers will be established, and the ghost prison of Futing will be established. Ding thirty will be the true altar and sixty true jing, seventy-two blessed lands, order people to be in the bright yang, ghosts in the yin, each rule set up a sacrifice of wine and male officials, female officials, in order to praise Xuanhua. At that time, Taoism began to have a formal religious order organization. Zhang Daoling led his disciples to travel back to various places, killing demons and alleys, seizing salt ponds, building meritorious virtue, and benefiting the people of Shu. It is said that after his achievement, Montaha was crowned as the Master of the Heavenly Heavens.

From September 9 of the second year of Yongshou to Lingtai Mountain in Zhangming County (present-day Jiangyou City) in Sichuan, he saw the peach ripening under the rock, and ordered the disciples of King And Zhao Er to devote themselves to it, so they also passed on their true ways. Later, yu Yudan and yin, sword, and dugong symbols were recorded. Zhizi Heng said: "I met Taishang's relatives and passed it on to the Tao, and this article is the general leader of thirty thousand dugong, ZhengYi Shu, the throne of Shaowu, the first son of the world, and the non-Wuzong's parents and grandchildren cannot be passed on." "Zhengyi Jing" Yun: "The Taixuan Sutra of the Taishang Sect has two hundred and seventy volumes, and the examination is the First Month of the Han Dynasty. "On that day, Yi Dan paid his disciples Wang Chang and Zhao Sheng, and at the peak of Yuntai Mountain in present-day Cangxi County, Sichuan Province, and his wife Yongshi ascended by the clouds, at the age of 123, their daughters Wen Ji, Wen Guang, Xian Ji, and Fang Zhi all ascended to the Tao.

Zhang Daoling set up twenty-four rules in the territory of the Shu Han Dynasty, as an institution for laying down the way, all those who entered the Dao handed over five meters as faith, in history, the Southern and Northern Dynasties often had rebellious factors against the central imperial court before, and at the end of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Lu gathered the masses to stand on their own, so some historians called his teaching "Five Buckets of Rice Road". Because Zhang Ling was the first generation of Heavenly Master of the Wudou Rice Sect, the believers were honored as "Ancestral Heavenly Masters". People also call its teachings "Heavenly Master's Tao". Zhang Daoling honored Lao Tzu as his ancestor, took the "Five Thousand Texts of Lao Tzu" as the highest classic, and compiled his own "Notes on Lao Tzu's Thoughts" to give full play to Lao Tzu's Taoist thought. Taking "Tao" as the highest belief, comparing "Tao" with Lao Tzu, declaring that it is "one", "two scatters as qi, and polymorphism as Taishang Laojun".

In the seventh year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang 's reign ( 748 ) , he gave Zhang Daoling the title of "Taishi" (太師) because of Lao Tzu's book. In the fourth year of Emperor Xizong's reign (884), he was given the title of "Three Heavenly Great Masters of The Fujiao Sect". In the second year (1108) of Emperor Huizong of Song's reign, he gave the title of "Zhengyi Jing Ying Zhenjun", and Emperor Lizong added the title of "Three Days to Support the Sect of Auxiliary Yuan, zheng yijing should show the true king". Emperor Yuanchengzong added the title of "Zhengyi Chong Xuan Deified Jing Ying Manifest True King". Emperor Ming Chongzhen added the title of "Liuhe InfiniteLy Wise God". The Zhengyi sect is called the Ancestral Heavenly Master, the Taixuan Shangxiang, and the Great Saint Descending Demon Protector Dao Tianzun.

Zhang Sheng, the fourth generation of Tianshi, moved the Tianshi French from Hanzhong, Shaanxi to Longhu Mountain in Jiangxi Province. From Zhang Sheng onwards, the descendants of the Daoling ancestors lived in the Dragon and Tiger Mountains until the 63rd generation of Heavenly Master Zhang Enpu. In 1949, Zhang Enpu retired to Taiwan with Chiang Kai-shek, carrying his eldest son Zhang Yunxian and the ancestral "Jade Seal" and "Sword of Law". The tianshifu in shangqing town, Guixi County, is its legacy.