Jin Yinan, who Chinese the rank of major general of the People's Liberation Army, was the director of the Strategic Research Institute of the National Defense University of the People's Liberation Army of the Chinese, and is the author of "Suffering and Glory", "Blood Glory", "Why China" and so on.
On September 18, 1931, the Japanese invading army invaded northeast China, and on September 3, 1945, the Chinese people won the Victory in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. These two days have condensed the suffering and glory of the Chinese people over the past hundred years and left an indelible memory in the annals of the history of the Chinese nation. During the 14-year War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Communist Party of China persisted in the War of Resistance and Compromise, persisted in unity and opposition to separatism, persisted in progress and opposed retrogression, and became a brilliant banner guiding the whole nation in the War of Resistance to victory and a mainstay in persisting in the War of Resistance. The Chinese nation has used the huge sacrifice of more than 35 million lives and the heroic and fearless stubborn resistance to compose a heroic epic in the history of world war, which is of great significance and far-reaching influence.
Today, the Communist Party of China and the people of the Chinese solemnly declare to the world with heroic and tenacious struggle that "the Chinese nation has ushered in a great leap from standing up and getting rich to becoming strong, and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has entered an irreversible historical process." Recently, this magazine specially invited Professor Jin Yinan to talk about the years of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression of Blood and Fire, interpret the enlightenment of the War of Resistance Against Japan on us, and take history as a mirror to warn the future.
The September 18 Incident was a collective operation of the Japanese Showa warlord clique
Reporter: This year marks the 90th anniversary of the 918 Incident. The September 18 Incident opened the prelude to Japan's all-out aggression against China and, in turn, asia and the Pacific, and aroused the anti-Japanese anger of the people of the whole country. As the beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japan, how did this happen?
Kim Il-nam: On September 18, 1931, 19,000 men of the Japanese Kwantung Army launched the September 18 Incident, and 190,000 men of the Northeast Army retreated without a fight. The Kwantung Army occupied Shenyang for 3 days, controlled Liaoning for more than a week, and controlled the three northeastern provinces for 3 months. At that time, China was not ideologically ready to fight an all-out war, and the gap between the industrial capabilities and military modernization of the two countries was also an indisputable fact. During the Sino-Japanese War in 1894, Japan completed the modernization reform, and the level of weapons and equipment far exceeded that of the Qing army. The gap in national strength between China and Japan in 1931 was even greater than it was during the Sino-Japanese War. By the time of the July 7 Incident in 1937, Japan's annual output of steel was 5.8 million tons, while China's was only 40,000 tons; Japan's annual output of 600 aircraft could not be produced by China; Japan's annual output of 200 tanks could not be built by China.
Moreover, around the 1930s, from the Huanggutun Incident in June 1928 to the "Nakamura Incident" in June 1931, the "Wanbaoshan Incident" in July, and the September 918 Incident, from the January 28 Incident in 1932 to the "Zhangbei Incident" in 1935 to the July 7 Incident in 1937, Japan has been constantly creating and exploiting crises and advancing towards its predetermined goals. If military dictatorship is a prerequisite for the Japanese government's unscrupulousness, then poor and weak China has become their long-coveted fat. Therefore, the 9/18 Incident was not an accident, but a mature collective operation of the members of the Showa Warlord Group.
[Reporter] Please tell us about the background of Japan's embarkation on the fascist road and the launching of the war of aggression against China.
Jin Yinan: Japan, which shares water with China, has brought not only the living water of the source of advanced ideas, but also the water of the heinous disasters of the war of aggression. Japan knew About Marxism 36 years before China, but what is intriguing is that when a large number of young Chinese volunteers went to Japan to find the truth of national salvation, Bei Yihui, the originator of Japanese fascist theory, completed his fascist ideological masterpiece "Outline of the Principles of the State Reform Case" in a pavilion in Shanghai, China, with clear water soaked in rice. On December 25, 1926, when the Northern Expeditionary Army was destroying the land of China, the 124th Emperor of Japan, Hirohito, succeeded to the throne and changed the name to "Showa". Thus began a "Showa Restoration" movement, spearheaded by young and strong soldiers and under the banner of eliminating corruption, dragging all of Japan into the abyss of fascism. They are full of criticism of the current situation in Japanese society, and the weapon of criticism is not Marxism, but fascism, believing that only when soldiers rise up can they break the corrupt party politics. In this way, Japan entered an era of warlord madness, media madness, and people's madness. In addition, behind the madness of Japanese militarism there is a deliberate plan, and their plan to dismember China and occupy China has never been hasty and rudimentary. This can be seen from the extensive and meticulous intelligence work it did in China before and after the Sino-Japanese War and the meticulous military preparations it completed at home.
Oil painting "9:00 on September 9, 1945 AD" (Japan surrendered) Chen Jian/ Painting
The Communist Party of China ignited the national flame and awakened national consciousness
Reporter: General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out many times: "The mainstay role of the Communist Party of China is the key to the victory of the Chinese people in the War of Resistance Against Japan." "How to understand the mainstay role of the Communist Party of China during the War of Resistance Against Japan?
Jin Yinan: What is the mainstay of the War of Resistance? It is the fundamental role played by the Chinese Communists in leading the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan with a scientific program and policy in the War of Resistance Against Japan, that is, the indomitable spirit of resolutely resisting the war, fighting bravely to kill the enemy, not fearing sacrifice and never surrendering at the darkest and most difficult time. On April 15, 1932, the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic issued the Declaration of war against Japan. On August 1, 1935, the cpc delegation to the Comintern drafted the "Letter of the Chinese Soviet Government and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to All Compatriots for Resisting Japan and Saving the Country". In 1937, the day after the July 7 Incident, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent a telegram to the whole country: "Pingjin is in danger!" North China is in danger! The Chinese nation is in danger! Only when the whole nation carries out the War of Resistance is our way out! ”
On September 23, 1937, the Independent Regiment of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army discovered that the Japanese 21st Brigade may have invaded Pingxingguan, and the superior organization ordered the Independent Regiment to raid the enemy's follow-up troops. The next day, Yang Chengwu, the leader of the independent regiment, led the independent regiment to the waist station, and in the early morning, they engaged in a fierce battle with the small units of the Japanese army that arrived first. But in the early hours of the next day, the Japanese doubled their strength. The Independent Regiment chose Qiaogou gou around Pingxingguan as an ambush point, which was a dangerous pass formed by the long-term erosion of rain and a place where the enemy army had to pass. In this fierce battle, the independent regiment annihilated more than 1,000 Japanese troops, destroyed more than 100 Japanese cars, and captured a large number of weapons. The Victory of Pingshiguan broke the myth of the "invincibility" of the Japanese army, greatly boosted the confidence of the military and people of the whole country in resisting the war, enhanced the prestige of the Communist Party and the Eighth Route Army, and made many people believe that the Communist Party not only resolutely resisted Japan, but also had the ability to defeat the enemy.
Yang Jingyu, commander-in-chief of the First Route Army of the Anti-Japanese Coalition, resolutely resisted to the end when he was left alone. In July 1938, Cheng Bin, commander of the First Division of the First Army of the Anti-Japanese Coalition, led his troops to surrender to the enemy and formed the "Cheng Bin Advance Brigade", destroying all of Yang Jingyu's secret camp and forcing Yang Jingyu into a desperate situation. In February 1940, Zhang Xiufeng, a guard platoon commander of the military headquarters, defected to the enemy with confidential documents, guns, and anti-coalition funds, and provided Yang Jingyu with a breakthrough route to the Japanese army. Zhang Xiruo, a special machine gun shooter of the First Division of the First Army of the Anti-Japanese Coalition, after the defection, shot and killed Yang Jingyu under the orders of Ryuichiro Kishitani, the head of the police department of the puppet Tonghua Province. Zhao Tingxi, a villager in the "Bao'an Village" in Mengjiang County, went up the mountain to cut firewood and found Yang Jingyu, and he said to Yang Jingyu: "I think it is better to surrender, now Manchukuo does not kill those who surrender." Yang Jingyu said: "Fellow countrymen, we have all surrendered Chinese, is there still China?" This sentence is really shocking. The reason why there is still China today is because there are Chinese Communists like Yang Jingyu, who are earth-shattering and weep ghosts, who use their soul and blood to support the backbone of the Chinese nation. It is they who have transformed class responsibility into national responsibility, from the vanguard of class struggle to the mainstay of national salvation.
Reporter: Not fearing sacrifice and vowing to die is the distinctive character of communists; in addition, during the entire War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, what do you think is the most prominent feature of the CPC's leadership of the whole nation in the War of Resistance?
Jin Yinan: Before the July 7 Incident, the Japanese rulers thought that They could destroy China in 3 months, but they only saw the weakness of the Chinese government. More than 20 days after the July 7 Incident, Chiang Kai-shek judged that the war against Japan could last for 6 months, and he saw the limited resources in the hands of the Nationalist government. Mao Zedong said: "The main reason why Japan dares to bully us is the disorganization of the Chinese people. In May 1938, Mao Zedong published "On Protracted War", and he saw the tremendous energy contained in the Chinese people.
The Japanese aggressors had no idea at all of confronting two armies of a completely different nature, two battlefields of completely different nature. We must face not only the frontal battlefield led by Chiang Kai-shek, but also the battlefield behind the enemy lines led by Mao Zedong, who have become enlightened and have begun to fight heroically for their own interests. At the beginning of the war, the Japanese army went all out to attack the Nationalist government army led by Chiang Kai-shek, and did not pay attention to the Communist-led Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army at all. In December 1939, Yukio Kasahara, chief of staff of the Japanese North China Front, said: "The fatal scourge of the north China security war is the communist army. Only by breaking this anti-war organization, which is based on the organic combination of the military, the government, the party, and the people, can we fundamentally uphold public order and rectify the situation at the present stage. By the time the Eighth Route Army launched the Hundred Regiments War in August 1940, 9 divisions and 12 brigades of the Japanese army had been crucified in North China, which seriously constrained the Japanese army and depleted Japan's national strength. The battlefield behind the enemy lines was full of soldiers, the whole people participated in the war, and the military and the people unanimously attacked the aggressors, building an insurmountable mountain for the invaders, which shocked the Japanese army. This is exactly what Mao Zedong said, "The deepest root of the great power of war exists among the people." Mobilizing the masses, organizing the masses, and arming the masses are the magic weapons of the Communist Party.
National rejuvenation has entered an irreversible historical process, which is the answer to and transcends the "question of Jiang Tingdi."
Reporter: On many occasions, you have made many wonderful speeches on the issue of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, some on the frontal battlefield, some on the battlefield behind enemy lines, some analyzing the factors of the old-style military personnel, and some analyzing the tactical and technical factors. Revisiting that period of history, please talk about how to dissolve the wounds inflicted on our countrymen by Japanese aggression from the perspective of summing up lessons, and talk about the enlightenment of this war to us.
Jin Yinan: This protracted War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression has brought great trauma to the lives and property of Chinese people, and when we look back on the War of Resistance Against Japan today, we are by no means listening to a piece of scar literature, then licking and bandaging wounds, and the tears are not over. The most important question is, what do we get out of it? What was the decisive factor in the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan? What is the key support for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in the future? It is an unprecedented national unity, a heroic national struggle, and a profound national awakening. We can no longer allow this tragedy to happen.
Before and at the beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the fate of the Chinese nation fell to the bottom, and we began to climb from the bottom of the valley and began to awaken and work hard in the great catastrophe. In China's thousands of years of feudal system, there is the idea that the whole world can not be the royal land, the coast of the land can not be the king's subject, the influence of this kind of thinking does not matter the national interests, does not care about the interests of the nation, only the interests of the dynasty, only the interests of the surname, this is the source of China's modern weakness, that is, why Sun Yat-sen said 40,000 Chinese just scattered sand. The War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was the first time that the Chinese nation truly experienced the awakening of the whole people, and at this time we discovered that the Japanese invaders' killing of Chinese people and plundering China's land was by no means just fighting a war with a national government or the Communist Party of China, but a challenge to the entire nation of the Chinese nation, so the Chinese nation and the whole nation had the responsibility of defending the territory and resisting the war.
"The lion of China has woken up", now we talk about national rejuvenation, the proper meaning is the growth of the national economy, the general prosperity of the people, etc., but emphasize the material and do not forget the spirit. When the material comes up and the spirit collapses, it is still impossible to achieve effective rejuvenation; of course, it is not possible to rely on spiritual strength alone without material strength. The revival of the material and spiritual levels constitutes the comprehensive and real rejuvenation of a nation, that is, from a scattered sand to a strong whole. What have our War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea showed to the people of the world? It is the spiritual map of the Chinese nation. In the fight against the new crown pneumonia epidemic, the strong whole shown by the "epidemic" of the national war led by the Communist Party of China is a strong fortress built under the dual role of material and spiritual.
Reporter: In your speech, you once talked about the "Jiang Tingdi's Question" issued by historian Jiang Tingdi: "In the past hundred years, the Chinese nation has only one question, that is, can Chinese be modernized?" Can you catch up with the Westerners? Can science and machinery be harnessed? Can we abolish our family and hometown concepts and organize a modern nation-state? If we can, the future of our nation is bright; if not, our nation has no future. "You started from this question and gave the answer that the Chinese Communist Party can lead the Chinese nation to catch up with the Western countries. At the beginning of the new journey of the centenary of the founding of the party and the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, please talk about how to understand the "Question of Jiang Tingdi" today?
Jin Yinan: The "Question of Chiang Tingdian" was raised in the most difficult stage of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in 1938, and the essence of this question is why the Chinese revolution under the leadership of the Communist Party of China can be victorious, why the new-democratic revolution can be victorious, and why socialist transformation can be victorious. These questions cannot be answered by the Qing Dynasty, the Beiyang Government, and the Nationalist Government, and history proves that only the New China under the leadership of the Communist Party of China can answer them. The founding of New China was an answer to "Jiang Tingdi's question" and a great gift from the Chinese Communists to the Chinese nation, which was deeply suffering. From this point of view, the victory of the Communist Party of China is by no means just the victory of Marxist ideology, we are not doctrine for the sake of doctrine, ideology for ideology's sake, Marxism is a way for us to understand and analyze the Chinese problem and find a way to solve the Chinese problem, but it is not our goal. What is the fundamental purpose? It is to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. This is the most fundamental rationality and legitimacy of the Existence of the Communist Party of China in China and in the minds of Chinese people all over the world. That is to say, this party and this regime can best represent, defend and safeguard the interests of this country and nation, and can best show the value points of the interests of this country and nation.
When Jiang Tingdi's question was proposed, he thought about how to make the country safe and how to establish a modern country, and he did not dare to think about realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. After the reform and opening up, the rapid development of our industrial technology, especially the development of high and new science and technology, has further answered the "jiang tingdian question", that is, we can catch up with the Westerners, and have advanced science and machinery in many fields, walking in the forefront of the world. General Secretary Xi Jinping solemnly declared at the meeting celebrating the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China that "the Chinese nation has ushered in a great leap from standing up and getting rich to becoming strong, and the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has entered an irreversible historical process", which is a powerful answer and transcendence to "Jiang Tingdi's question". Jiang Tingdian did not expect that the four major civilizations in the world, the ancient Babylonian civilization, the ancient Indian civilization, the ancient Egyptian civilization and the Chinese civilization, only the Chinese civilization has not only continued, but also shines more dazzling brilliance today and shows strong vitality. This vitality is the Chinese revolution led by the Communist Party of China, which has endowed the Chinese civilization with a completely new vitality.
Column Editor-in-Chief: Gu Wanquan Text Editor: Fang Ying Caption Source: Visual China Photo Editor: Zhu Juan
Source: Author: China Discipline Inspection And Supervision Cao Yali