There is a saying circulating on the Internet that the restored milk has no nutrition, it is "fake milk", and it is the "gutter oil" in the milk. Is this true? Let's take a look at the verification.
Interview with experts:
Xiao Zhiyun (Senior Health Manager, China-Japan Friendship Hospital)
【Rumors】
Restored milk is not nutritious, it is a kind of "fake milk", and it can be said that it is the "gutter oil" in milk.
【The Truth】
There is no scientific basis for this claim. Reconstituted milk is an emulsion obtained by mixing dried or concentrated dairy products in proportion to water, and its production process has more high-temperature sterilization steps than other dairy products, but has little effect on the main nutrients (such as protein and calcium).
When it comes to restorative milk, you may have heard of it but don't necessarily know much about it. In fact, it can be seen literally that it is a dairy product. It's just that it has a little more processing than fresh milk and room temperature milk. In life, it is also a more common drink supplementing calcium and protein.
There is no scientific basis for the claim that the restored milk is "fake milk", "gutter oil", "no nutrition" and so on. Reconstituted emulsion is an emulsion obtained by mixing dried or concentrated dairy products in proportion to water. It is a commonly used dairy raw material in the world, and is widely used in areas with insufficient milk sources or as a milk source blend.
Below, let's talk about the composition of the restored milk, its nutritional value, and how it is similar and similar compared to other dairy products.
▼ ▼ ▼
What exactly is a restorative milk? Is it really not nutritionally valuable?
Restored milk is also known as "reduced milk" or "reduced milk", colloquially speaking, it is milk made of milk powder mixed with reduced milk. At present, in the "National Standard for Food Safety Fermented Milk" (GB 19302-2010), "National Standard for Food Safety Sterilized Milk" (GB 25190-2010) and "National Standard for Food Safety Modulated Milk" (GB 25191-2010) and other standards, it is clear in different forms that restored milk can be used or produced as dairy products. It is a regular product allowed by the state to be produced, and the words "recombined milk" need to be clearly marked on the product packaging.
(Image from the Internet)
Therefore, restorative milk is not "fake milk", nor is it "gutter oil" in milk. And the restored milk that meets the national food safety standards does not have to worry about safety.
For the problem that people are worried about the "lack of nutrition" of restorative milk, it is also necessary to start from the steps of producing restorative milk. In the stage of turning milk into milk powder, reconstituted milk requires high temperature sterilization; the process of adding water to reduce it to milk also requires high temperature sterilization. Therefore, people will inevitably wonder whether repeated high temperature sterilization will make the nutrition of the restored milk "greatly discounted" compared with other dairy products.
Xiao Zhiyun, senior health manager at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, said: "In order to facilitate the storage and transportation of milk, people will concentrate and dry milk into concentrated milk or milk powder. The restorative milk is to add an appropriate amount of water to the concentrated milk or milk powder and dilute it into a solution equivalent to the proportion of water and solid substances in the raw milk. Although the production process of recombinant milk has more high-temperature sterilization steps than other dairy products, it has little impact on the main nutrients in reconstituted milk, such as protein and calcium. ”
▲The production process of restored milk (picture from the network)
In fact, people drink or eat dairy products, generally mainly to supplement protein and calcium. After the protein in dairy products enters the human body, it is mainly decomposed into peptides, amino acids, etc. for the human body to absorb. Although the high-temperature sterilization link in the process of restoring milk will change the protein structure in the milk, the amino acids that make up the protein will not change. Therefore, high temperature sterilization does not have much impact on the nutritional value and digestibility of the protein in the restored milk. On the other hand, for the calcium in the restorative milk, heating may only affect its dissolved state, but it will not affect the body's absorption rate of calcium.
However, some people will worry that the processing process of restored milk is "more tossed", is it impossible to achieve the purpose of vitamin supplementation?
In this regard, Xiao Zhiyun explained: "Compared with pasteurized milk, the nutritional components such as protein, calcium and fat are not much different, mainly the loss of vitamins and heat-sensitive bioactive substances. The vitamin content in milk is already very low, not the main source of vitamin supplementation for us, can be ignored, do not consider. For vitamin supplementation, it is generally supplemented by eating fruits and vegetables. ”
What are the similarities and differences compared to other dairy products?
After understanding the restored milk, it is also difficult to wonder whether there are differences in the processing process, shelf life, transportation and other aspects compared with other dairy products.
In fact, in addition to restored milk, the liquid milk produced on the market also has two forms: pasteurized milk and ambient milk.
There are differences in the processing process of the three. The processing process of room temperature milk is heated for a few seconds above 135 ° C (the flavor and color of milk have a more obvious impact); pasteurized milk is also known as fresh milk, and its processing process is only heated for about ten seconds at about 70 ° C (the impact on milk is relatively small, and the appearance and flavor are well maintained); and the restored milk, before drying, must undergo a high temperature sterilization, after the mixing, but also another ultra-high temperature. So, in contrast, the recombinant milk is the most heated.
"They also have different shelf life. In the production process, the reconstituted milk is processed into milk powder by fresh milk, and the milk powder is reprocessed into liquid milk twice at high temperature, and the vitamins and heat-sensitive nutrients in cow's milk are greatly lost, but the shelf life is long, usually 6 months. Pasteurized dairy products are made of fresh milk, and the usual sterilization temperature is 60 °C ~ 85 °C. This temperature kills the vegetative cells of microorganisms and maximizes the protection of nutrients in cow's milk, but it does not achieve complete sterilization, but the shelf life is usually less than 21 days. Xiao Zhiyun added.
There are also differences in the safety and convenience of the three. Taking pasteurized milk as an example, the entire process from the dairy farm to the table requires a full cold chain, but room temperature milk generally does not need cold chain transportation, and the restored milk does not need a strict cold chain to be stored for a long time. Therefore, if it is in areas that do not produce milk, especially in rural areas where the population is relatively scattered, it is very difficult to save and transport pasteurized milk, and the transportation cost is self-evident. Moreover, once some links cannot guarantee the cold chain, the safety of pasteurized milk cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, milk powder does not need cold chain preservation, which is relatively easy to transport and store, and it is more conducive to manufacturers to control costs.
Can restored milk "dominate the martial arts" in the milk world?
Relatively speaking, recombined milk has the advantages of long shelf life and convenient transportation, so can it "dominate" in the milk industry? In fact, not all dairy products can be made of milk powder as a raw material.
China's national standards stipulate that sour milk, sterilized milk and other dairy products can use restored milk as raw materials, while restored milk cannot be used as raw materials for pasteurized milk. That is to say, the raw materials of ambient milk, yogurt and various concocted milk (such as some breakfast milk, etc.) in supermarkets can be milk powder; while the raw materials of pure milk (pasteurized milk) sold in supermarket freezers cannot be milk powder.
▲Additives commonly used in dairy products (picture from the Internet)
In addition, some people wonder, is it suitable for everyone to drink restorative milk?
In response to this problem, Xiao Zhiyun explained: "There is no obvious requirement for who cannot drink restorative milk. However, products made from reconstituted milk generally contain sugar, flavors, etc. It is recommended to drink more pasteurized milk if you have the condition. ”
In summary, reconstituted milk is not "fake milk" or "gutter oil" in milk, but dairy products with nutritional value that can provide nutrients such as protein and calcium to the human body. In general, consumers can choose relatively suitable dairy products according to their own preferences.
Resources:
China Food Safety Network: Restored milk is not fake milk and it is not a gutter oil https://www.cfsn.cn/front/web/site.searchshow?pdid=132&id=42838
China Food Safety Network: Correctly understanding the nutritional value of restored milk https://www.cfsn.cn/front/web/site.searchshow?pdid=132&id=38461
Dr. Lilac: Isn't the yogurt that wrote "restorative milk" a good yogurt? https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/ieY9c7yH3qnSvcW6wTzh8g
Doctor Lilac: There are these 3 words on the milk package, can not drink with confidence? https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/_3RoYSisnRFuuwHHfS0PmA
Fruit Shell: Be wary of restorative milk? Is restorative milk "fake milk"? Be wary of headline parties and rumors! https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/TMpKmfIW1Dh8Wt92Rx-bqQ
Producer: Popular Science Central Kitchen
Producer: Beijing Science and Technology News | Science plus client
Welcome to forward the circle of friends
Reprinted from public accounts, newspapers and periodicals
Please send an email to the [email protected]
Unauthorized refusal to reprint, violators will be prosecuted
Identify the QR code and download the "Science Plus" client
To read more authoritative and useful popular science articles and learn more about exciting scientific and technological activities, please download the "Science Plus" client.