Recently, "Hot Air Balloon Aviator" was released in Chinese mainland. Based on real events from the 19th century, the film tells the story of hot air balloon aviator Emilia and scientist James Glaeser in a hot air balloon to explore the mysteries of the sky. At that time, in addition to being used for entertainment, hot air balloons also undertook a scientific research mission, and many scientists tried to take off in hot air balloons, which was full of challenges and dangers at that time.
On June 29, 1850, Ballal and Pick hugh piloted balloons for scientific experiments. (Prints, published in Pictorial)
With the approval and assistance of the French Academy of Sciences and the Académie française, the scientists Baral and Pique Hugh made two scientific flights in balloons, and on June 29, 1850, on a stormy day, they flew a terrible balloon into the sky. After crossing the thick clouds, the two pilots saw brilliant sunlight. They were busy manipulating various experimental equipment, including thermometers, polarizers, and atmospheric sampling balls, and when they found that the balloons that had expanded into the pod were too late, they used knives to cut the balloons, and the balloons suddenly fell from a height of 6000 meters within 7 minutes, and they had to throw down the various equipment they were carrying, and finally landed on the ground without danger. A month later, they bravely flew into the sky again, and deliberately chose the time of wind and rain. The balloons rose to an altitude of 7,049 meters, and they experienced temperature changes at different altitudes. When they landed at 4,000 meters, they flew over a cloud of Xiaoice beads and observed extremely rare refraction of sunlight.
Charlie Green
Ballal and Pick hugh's scientific liftoff experiment was first echoed by the British, Charlie Green and American Rush had driven balloons to high altitudes for scientific expeditions, and the last four liftoffs of Charlie's career were to carry the physicist Welsh to do scientific experiments.
James Gleischer
After 10 years, the British Aviation Association funded and organized more than 30 scientific lift-off experiments, and the famous meteorologist Glaisher took off many times to collect meteorological data, and despite his advanced age, he did not hesitate to rise to a very high altitude to observe various meteorological conditions.
Glaisher and Coxwell
Under the excellent control of the British pilot Coxwell, Gleischer rose to 7,000 meters on his first liftoff.
Gresher was unconscious in the air
On September 5, 1862, they conducted their third scientific experiment on lift-off, and the balloon rose to 8838 meters, a record that has been maintained for more than 30 years. Although the air at high altitude is thin and the air pressure is very low, neither of them inhaled oxygen and stubbornly carried the high-altitude reaction. Gleischer used a pen to write down the height of the balloon's climb until he fainted, while Coxwell, unable to lift his hands, used his teeth to pull the tether of the valve to open the valve.
Penny Pictorial, September 20, 1873
Later, Gleischer rose to an altitude of 7,000 meters several times, and the high-altitude scientific expeditions achieved fruitful results, which made people realize that the water vapor rising from the ground became scarcer the higher the altitude; the night temperature did not gradually decrease, but there was a process of increasing and then falling with the height; there was always a water vapor fringe in the solar spectrum, and this phenomenon could only be observed at high altitude.
A copy of James Grescher's report on eight balloon liftoffs in 1862
In 1867, the Frenchmen Wilfried de Fontvière and Camille Flamarion each launched a series of scientific lift-off experiments. Although Flamarion did not take off many times, the duration of each scientific expedition and the distance flown were considerable. Aboard a balloon piloted by Eugène Godard, he flew over Paris toward the south of France, staying in the air for up to 12 hours at a time.
Siewell's "Polaris" balloon, taken in Leipzig in 1873.
From 1873 to 1875, the French Aeronautical Association organized several high-altitude scientific expeditions. On March 23 and 24, 1875, Seawell flew the Celestial Balloon and carried croce-Spinelli, the Tisandier brothers, and Jobert on a long scientific expedition in the atmosphere for 22 hours and 40 minutes. After that, the "Sky" took off again and carried out a high-altitude lift-off experiment, which was carried out by Siewell, Croce-Spinelli and Gaston Tisandier, but only Tisandier returned to the ground alone, and his companion died on the way due to high-altitude reactions.
Content source: China Pictorial Publishing House "History of Human Flight", Dangdang, JD.com, Taobao and other major platforms are available.
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