Liu Ying was a hero of the Xinhai Revolution in Jingshan. His family history and life deeds were excavated and sorted out in the 1980s. Due to the long interval, it is inevitable that many specific details and the real situation will be different. The Liu family tree of Liu Ying's hometown of Yonglong Town, Liu Jiaquan, was all burned during the Cultural Revolution, losing the most authoritative materials. Fortunately, the Liu family has a clan in Tianmen that has preserved an orphan copy of the Liu family tree, which was recently discovered by Mr. Jiang Keguan (calligrapher Hongqi), who wrote Liu Ying's family lineage after several months of intensive research. It is of great literary and historical value and reading value, and it is worth reading. - Editor
Portrait of Liu Ying
On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang Uprising broke out, and Liu Ying then launched the Yongyihe Uprising in the name of the deputy governor of Hubei, persuading Jingshan Zhixian to surrender its weapons, and then captured Tianmen, intercepted the forces of Liu Yunyu, the commander of the Qing army Xiangfan, and recaptured Qianjiang, Xiantao, Gong'an, Jianli and other counties. Liu Ying sent Liu Tie to attack Hanchuan and Caidian on the one hand, reinforcing Yangxia, and on the other hand capturing the Xiang River Valley. Successively recaptured Zhongxiang and Xiangfan, Zaoyang in the middle of the road, took Tang County, occupied Xinye, and joined Nanyang. On February 12, 1912, the Xuantong Emperor issued an abdication edict, and the Qing Dynasty fell...
Genealogy of the Liu clan
The motivation for writing this article was a fortuitous coincidence, and the author discovered the "Liu Family Genealogy" and "Liu Family Ride" that were lost in their hometown. The "Genealogy of the Liu Family" records in detail the reproduction history of the Liu family in the Village of Liu Jiaju in Yongyi, Jingshan, from the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1369) to the fifteenth year of the Republic of China (1926), a total of 557 years of reproduction history; "Liu Family Ride", contains Liu family rules, family training, character schools, and the behaviors, biographies, epitaphs, sacrifice texts, temple tablets and so on.
The author has studied and analyzed various versions that record Liu Ying's revolutionary activities and found that there are many differences with the records of the Liu Family Genealogy. For example, the date of birth and death of "Three Liu", the school liu Ying attended in Japan, liu Ying's time to move from Wuchang to the Liu family, and so on. Some are inconsistent with historical facts, and some are contradictory.
The discovery of the "Genealogy of the Liu Clan" is a powerful supplement to the original historical materials such as Zhang Nanxian's "Records of knowledge of the Hubei Revolution" in 1945 and Yang Yuru's "Records of the First Writings of the Xinhai Revolution" in 1957; it is also a correction of various suspense and contradictions in the historical materials compiled and printed at all levels through investigations and interviews since the Cultural Revolution, such as "The Xinhai Revolution in Hubei" and "The Historical Materials of the Xinhai Revolution in Jingshan".
The "Genealogy of the Liu Family" is a magnificent "history" of the Liu family: where did the ancestors of the Liu family come from? What kind of entrepreneurial hardships have they experienced? Why did they choose to squeeze the industry to achieve the development of the family? What kind of example did their predecessors set for their descendants? How many generations, material and spiritual accumulations, did they go through to form enough energy to participate in the overthrow of a feudal dynasty?
Organize an informed elderly discussion on Liu Ying's family history
The author pondered deeply: on the road of revolution, how do they go forward and follow up? What kind of tribulations have social changes brought to them? Where are the descendants of the Liu family? Are they okay now?
This article will uncover some of the truths of history; it will also tell you the untold stories of the Liu Ying family.
Chapter 1 The Patriarchs of the Blue Wisps of the Thorn Road
One. Relocation of the Black Tiger Temple
In the last year of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang and Chen Youyu competed for the world for more than 20 years, resulting in devastation in the jiangshan mountains, the people's livelihood, and the vast areas of Hubei becoming no man's land. In order to restore agricultural production and develop the economy, during the Ming Hongwu years, Zhu Yuanzhang organized many migrations from Jiangxi to Hubei.
Liu's Genealogy Home Page
In Baihu Village, Jishui County, Ji'an Province, Jiangxi Province, Liu Fu'er's eldest son, who had just turned 20 and had just started a family, was chosen to emigrate to Hubei. Before leaving, my father invited the most famous cultural person in the village and gave the eldest son the descendant of the Zi Sect, namely:
Ji Juezi Lijin, Wenliang Jiujiaozhi, Keyu Yuyongshi,
Zhengda is bright and appropriate, honoring the ancestral ambitions, and being prosperous and rich.
And gave the eldest son a new name: Liu Jizu. The meaning is self-evident: inheriting the ancestral heritage.
Liu's characters are sent to the sentence
Just after the Spring Festival of Hongwu 21 (1388), Liu Jizu and his wife Li Shi, in accordance with the government's requirements, only wrapped some hot and cold clothes and bedding, and set off with dozens of ships full of immigrants. Bound by "courtesy" (because the government feared migrants would jump away from the river), they followed the Ganjiang River, pulled their sails and sailed to the tile dam on the shores of Poyang Lake.
Wadanba was a transit point for migrants, where the couple learned of their destination, a place called Black Tiger Temple in The Eight Mile Under the Yongyi River in Jingshan County, Under the jurisdiction of Luzhou Prefecture (present-day Zhongxiang), Huguang'an.
Their boat rowed from Poyang Lake to the mouth of the Yangtze River, then went up the river to Hankou Tianxingzhou, turned north into the Fulan River, a tributary of the Yangtze River, sailed through Diao Fen Lake, and entered the Tianmen River for one hundred and fifty miles retrograde, which lasted more than a month, and finally found their home, the Black Tiger Temple.
There used to be a black tiger in the Black Tiger Temple, and there were more immigrants, and the black tiger was gone. Odin handed them over to Baojia, who arrived earlier, and Baojia gave them a dilapidated grass hut, some agricultural tools and daily necessities, and everything was up to them. Looking around the door, his eyes full of thorns, Liu Shi hugged his stepfather and cried. The government deliberately blocked their way to come, and even in which direction their hometown was, it was impossible to know. (It is known from the history books that Zhongxiang, Jingshan, Tianmen, Qianjiang and other places under the jurisdiction of Anlu Prefecture accepted more than 91,000 immigrants from Jiangxi.) Jizu comforted his wife: We have two pairs of hands, young and powerful, the government will not collect land taxes for five years, what are you afraid of? Stop crying, go to work!
Liu and his wife pull out thorns every day, open up the countryside, work at sunrise, rest at sunset, and harvest in autumn, and the days are moist. Within a few years, they had two sons, the eldest named Juefu and the younger one Juefu.
People talk about tiger discoloration. They renamed the Black Tiger Temple to Myoin-ji Temple, hoping that there would be good music spreading in all directions.
Five years later, the government allowed migrants to return home to visit their families. Taking advantage of the Opportunity of the Spring Festival, the couple took the child back for a trip. After going back and forth for more than two months, although they had seen their hometown and relatives, they knew better in their hearts that they could not leave this land by the Yongyi River.
On April 1, 1410, Kyaw Fuk's son was born. Forty years away, the step-grandfather smiled and closed his mouth, and personally gave his grandson a very learned name: Liu Zizhe.
After Liu Zizhe grew up, he and his wife Zeng's genes developed and gave birth to 5 sons in succession. The step-grandfather, who was still more than a year old, named his grandson Liying, Li Tang, Li Ting, Li Lian, and Li Dun (Dust). The last word of the name has the word "Guang", pinning on the high hopes of the grandfather: "Guangsha" established.
The old ancestor's brain-opening method of naming was passed down to the twentieth century. The names of the ancestors with wooden side are the most, and there are also names with treasure cover head, belt side, take away side, single side, gold side, horse character side, and grass head, and so on.
The five sons of the "Li" generation will separate their families when they grow up, and the eldest Liying and the older Litang will be called Dongdafang and Dongerfang respectively, and continue to live in the ancestral site of Hedong. The old sanliting, called the west third house, moved to the west bank of the river Yuan Jiakou to live (a few years later, two of the descendants of this house moved to the Xiliu River in Qiuyang to reproduce), the old four LiLian, called the west four houses, the descendants moved to Hexi Zhuyingtai, and later moved to the Meijia Xiaohe. The old five lichen, the youngest, called the five rooms, live in the ancestral address.
In 1452, Liu Jizu was 84 years old, and his wife Li Shi had been dead for many years. One day, he called his son, grandson, and great-grandson to the bed and told the story of his life intermittently. He told his children and grandchildren that his greatest wish was to send them back to their hometown for burial when he died. A few days later, the old man left for the west, and his wish to go to his hometown to bury for safety was never realized.
Two. The first person to squeeze Yongyi
In the blink of an eye, more than three hundred years have passed. Liu Zhang (1736-1803), the thirteenth generation of Liu Jizu and his descendant of the Yuzi generation, had three sons: Liu Yongsheng, Liu Yongjian, and Liu Yongyi, who were the three brothers of Liu Ying's grandfather.
Liu Yongjian (1768-1830), the second oldest. Yongjian was born and grew up in the prosperous qianlong of the Qing Dynasty.
Liu Yongjian family tree page
In China at this time, the feudal social system reached its extreme. The reform is the most, the national strength is the strongest, the society is stable, and the economy is developed. Through a series of reform measures, such as dividing the land into acres and returning fire consumption to the public, coupled with vigorously introducing and promoting high-yield crops, the yield has been greatly increased, which has not only reduced the burden on the people, but also increased the state's income. What is even more shocking is the rapid growth of Chinese. In the 134 years of the entire Kangyongqian dynasty, the population increased from more than 20 million to 300 million, accounting for one-third of the world's total population.
In the late Qianlong period, the Liu family had more than 80 households and more than 400 people.
Faced with the sharp increase in the surrounding population and the improvement of the people's living standards, Liu Yongjian, who had read a lot of scriptures, could not sit still: I could not just go to the soil to plane food, I wanted to engage in business.
What kind of business to choose? After some investigation, Yongjian decided to set up a press industry. He and his wife Xiong analyzed that in the past, people were hungry and did not have high requirements for cooking oil. Now that life is good, I am eager to eat good oil. There are no squeezing mills in the local surrounding areas, and the cooking oil that people eat is sold from other places. Through many changes of hands, the price is high and the quality is poor, and there are unscrupulous traders who make and sell fakes. People eat such oil, yellow muscles are thin, weak, directly affect human health, shorten people's life, the majority of people are eager to eat good oil. Coupled with the abundant production of soybeans, rapeseed, cottonseed, sesame and other edible oil processing raw materials around Yongyi, it must be a better choice to open a press.
Yongjian prepared the materials, invited two squeezing masters from Shayang, and through more than a month of construction, a barrel of sound squeezing was built. At the same time as building the press, he also sent personnel to Shayang Press to learn from the teacher. As soon as the squeeze was built, the oil press master also returned from school.
On the day of the opening of the squeeze mill, the Merchants of Yongyi and the surrounding neighbors surrounded the drum with water. Milled, steamed, cake-making, shelf, rod-bumper, each performing its own duties, with tacit understanding, just like the current assembly line operation. With the loud crashing sound and the sound of the oil press trumpet, someone shouted: The oil is out! Oil out! I can see that the crystal clear cooking oil is constantly squeezed out of the oil cake, and the whole squeezing mill is fragrant. People rush to taste: incense, really incense. The Yongyi merchant took Yongjian's hand and said: Boss Liu, from now on, we will inject oil at a fixed point here in Gonglang.
Liu Yongjian became the first person to squeeze Yongyi. Through several years of expansion, the Liu family has built a squeeze mill. They built two docks along the river to facilitate the docking of oil boats. Pave the roads in and out of the village with stone yards and renovate them. Soybeans, rapeseeds, and cottonseeds within a radius of tens of miles were continuously transported to LiuJiajue, and the ships in the manhe river transported the edible oil and cake fertilizer produced to Xiaogan, Hankou and other places.
The cooking oil produced by Liu Yongjian is clear and transparent, the fragrance is pure, and the price is fair, the business is upright, the business is extremely prosperous, and the fame has also increased. People pass it on by word of mouth, and the name of the place here has also changed from the original "broken temple" to the famous "Liu JiaJue".
With the increase of the mill, the problem also arises, and this equipment called "sound squeezing" has insurmountable drawbacks. The sound squeeze, as the name suggests, is the squeeze that makes a loud sound. The oil pressing process is through a large hanging log that violently hits the wooden square to pressurize the oil cake. Keep pounding, keep stuffing into the wood, keep pressurizing until the last drop of oil runs out of the oil cake.
Old-fashioned squeezing crashing oil pressing scene
Although the oil quality produced by the press is good, the oil production rate is not high, and the waste is very large; the impact sound emitted by the press is one after another day and night, like rolling thunder, deafening, and the neighbors complain in all directions; and the violence generated by this impact will cause injury accidents every month, the light skin is open, and the serious ones are broken bones.
Three. About the birth and death time of "Three Lius" and other research
Liu Yingsheng died at the time
Since the 1970s, some people have successively sorted out the historical materials of the "Three Lius". Because the "Liu Family Genealogy" was not found that year, Liu Ying was born in 1881, which was obtained through the memories of local elderly people, and later appeared in various literature. According to the "Genealogy of the Liu Clan", liu Ying's birth time is "The Twelfth Ugly Time of October in the Noonday of Guangxu", which is corrected to October 12, 1882.
In 1945, Zhang Nanxian's book "The Record of the Knowledge of the Hubei Revolution" contained a 3,000-word article "Biography of Liu Ying", which did not talk about Liu Ying's date of birth, but only recorded that "August 4 was righteous in Wuchang". Modern China began to use the Common Era era from the first year of the Republic of China (1912), so the author believes that August 4 should be the Gregorian calendar, and the corresponding lunar calendar is the first day of the first month of July. The "Genealogy of the Liu Clan" records that Liu Ying's sacrifice time is "the second yin time of the first month of July in the tenth year of the Republic of China", which may be wrong by postponing it by one day. The author believes that the date of Liu Ying's sacrifice should be August 4, 1921 in the Gregorian calendar.
2. Liu Tiesheng and died
The "Genealogy of the Liu Clan" records that Liu Tie was born "at the time of june 20 of the year of Guangxu's ugly year", which is one year later than the time recorded in later literature. It should therefore be corrected to June 20, 1889 in the lunar calendar.
Many documents after liberation record that Liu Tie's sacrifice occurred on June 24, 1915. The "Genealogy of the Liu Clan" is recorded on "June 24, 2016 in the year of Jiayin of the Republic of China", and Zhang Nanxian wrote the article "Liu Tie's Strategy" (author Sun Jing) in the "Records of the Knowledge of the Hubei Revolution", which recorded the time of "June 24, 2013 of the Republic of China", so the correction of Liu Tie's sacrifice time was June 24, 1914.
3. Liu Jie's birth and death time
The "Genealogy of the Liu Clan" records that Liu Ming was born on the 21st day of the tenth year of Guangxu," and the 1988 edition of the Jingshan County Chronicle was recorded as 1888, with a time difference of 4 years. The date of Liu's birth should be corrected to be December 21, 1884.
The 1988 edition of jingshan literature and history records that Liu Jie "accompanied Liu Tie in the battle of Longbei Bridge in 1913, because of covering Liu Tie and the retreat of the troops, he was disbanded, and died at the same time as the regimental commander Shen Yishi, when Liu Jie was the deputy regimental commander, only 24 years old", this statement is completely misinformation. The 1926 edition of "Liu's Family Ride" contains an altarpiece written by Liu Jie when Liu Jie's father died in 1917. Therefore, Liu Jie died in the year of his death, based on the record of the 1990 edition of the "Jingshan County Chronicle", that is, he died at home in 1928.
4. The exact timing of the Yongyi River Uprising
Yang Yuru was a witness and a recorder of events, and on page 97 of his book "The First Writings of the Xinhai Revolution", he clearly recorded that the time of the Yongyihe Uprising was the night of October 15, 1911 (the 24th day of the eighth lunar month), and specifically pointed out that "(he) recorded the above dates incorrectly", denying that Zhang Nanxian's "Hubei Revolution Knowledge Record" recorded the time of "Liu Ying's Biography" on August 21. The author believes that Yang Yuru arrived at Liu Jiaju on the evening of October 12, this day is the twenty-first day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar, Liu Ying held a meeting overnight that night, and the next day he organized the personnel separately, and spent more than two days to organize more than a thousand people to surround Yongyi Town. However, because Zhang Nanxian said that Yang Yuru was 12 years earlier, later historians did not analyze and used this wrong time. Therefore, the time of the uprising recorded by Yang Yuru should prevail.
5. Liu Ying refused to pay bribes during her term as a member of the House of Representatives
During the Republic of China period, Cao Kun's bribery of the president occurred in 1923 and is a well-known historical event, when Liu Ying had died. Many historical sources mention that Liu Ying's refusal to accept a bribe of 5,000 yuan from Cao Kun during his tenure as a member of the National Assembly should be corrected.
6. Before Liu Ying died, he returned to Han because of the death of his mother
The "Genealogy of the Liu Clan" clearly records that Liu Ying's mother Zhang Shi died on the 18th day of the tenth lunar month in 1913 and was buried in the Yanzhu Mountain Villa in Zhabei, Shanghai. Liu Ying was ordered by Sun Yat-sen to return to the Han Dynasty to organize the old ministry to overthrow the warlord Wang Zhanyuan, who was occupying Hubei. From the two newly discovered letters that Liu Ying wrote to Tian Tong at that time, it was very clear. Instead of "the death of the mother", "by the way" back to Hubei "fell the king".
7. The problem of Liu Ying's school in Japan
The "Genealogy of the Liu Family" records that Liu Ying "graduated from The Hongwen Normal School and Hosei University in Japan", and the author checked that in the early years of the Republic of China, there was no "Hongwen Normal School" in Japan, which may be that the composer mistakenly wrote the "Hongwen Academy" as "Hongwen Normal School". Because Hongwen College is a school that specializes in accepting Chinese students. Therefore, the author believes that Liu Ying initially entered the Hongwen College and then transferred to Hosei University. Many historical records record that Liu Ying graduated from Meiji University in Japan with a college of political economy, which is a misinformation. In fact, his eldest son, Liu Mingquan, graduated from Meiji University in Japan with a degree in political economy.
Source: Yipin Jingshan, Author: Jiang Keguan