On October 7, 1986, Marshal Liu Bocheng passed away. Before that, he had become seriously ill and had lost the ability to take care of himself, and the last years of his life were basically spent in a hospital bed.
The health of the founding marshal has always touched the hearts of many people, and Hua Guofeng, who learned of Liu Bocheng's physical condition, specially went to visit his home.
Figure 1 Marshal Liu Bocheng in his later years
Lying on the hospital bed, Liu Bocheng learned that Hua Guofeng was coming, and he waved his hand forward and called Hua Guofeng to the bedside. He took Hua Guofeng's hand and motioned for him to come closer. Hua Guofeng leaned over and listened to Liu Bocheng say in a weak voice: "After I die, there is only one request, I must help me convey Comrade Xiaoping, otherwise I will never enter the Eight Treasure Mountain." ”
What exactly is the requirement? Make the old man so resolute?
After the death of Marshal Liu Bocheng, his will was made public. This simple request witnessed a friendship and also witnessed Marshal Liu Bocheng's life for the country and the people.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="8" > erudite marshal, and has repeatedly spoken brilliantly</h1>
As one of the founding fathers of New China, Liu Bocheng joined the army as a teenager and fought all his life. Since the beginning of the War of The Protector of France, he has been a fierce general who "holds the Blue Feng Wei Republican". After joining the Communist Party of China, Liu Bocheng personally experienced the Long March, the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and the War of Liberation, and fought many classic battles, which are still included in foreign military textbooks for future generations to study and study.
Figure 2 Marshal Liu Bocheng
His old partner Deng Xiaoping often said that Liu Bocheng was knowledgeable and knowledgeable, and whether he was quoting the past and the present or local proverbs, he could always tell the flowers. He also integrated obscure tactics into easy-to-understand afterwords that the warriors could easily grasp. He cleverly combines mission, enemy, self-love, time, terrain. These five elements are compared to the five elements on the battlefield, and they often say to the soldiers, "The five elements are uncertain, and they lose cleanly." ”
He used to say, "Fight with your brain." The struggle between the enemy and ourselves is not only a contest of military strength, but also a duel of all political, economic and cultural forces. Not only fighting strength, but also more importantly fighting wisdom. Therefore, Liu Bocheng will carefully analyze the terrain in each battle and the different characteristics of the enemy army, so as to formulate different tactical strategies.
In the Battle of Pinghan, he put forward the viewpoint that "those who attack the weak are also weak, and those who attack the strong are also strong"; he fought a guerrilla war in the Dabie Mountains that was reduced to pieces; in the Huaihai Campaign, he put forward a unique method of play of "pinching his forehead, pulling his tail, cutting off his waist, and putting him to death"; and allied himself with the leaders of the Yi nationality in Daliangshan, so that the Red Army could pass through the Kuomintang blockade without spending a single soldier.
Figure 3 Left 1 Deng Xiaoping Middle Liu Bocheng Right Zhu De
In 1927, at the age of 35, Liu Bo was sent by the central government to the Frunze Military Academy in the Soviet Union to study military affairs. In order to keep up with the progress of the course, Liu Bocheng, who has passed the age of establishment, started from scratch and taught himself Russian day and night. Sometimes I read a book for a long time. The blinded right prosthetic eye was grinding and hurting, so he took off the fake eyeball and looked at it again.
In a letter to his old friend Wang Erchang in Chongqing, he wrote: "I am over thirty years old and have only just come into contact with foreign languages. Before coming to the Soviet Union, my friends were very worried. But I saw that when the Soviet Union was first founded, it was still very hard, there were famines everywhere, but now it can provide me with milk bread for an outsider. On the other hand, we in Sichuan are all showing their faces and vegetables, and they can't even touch the bean blossoms, which has inspired me to study hard, master military knowledge, and go back to serve the motherland and the people. ”
It is this heart of fist to the people that constantly inspires Liu Bocheng and makes him have a good Russian. He himself said, "Regard grammar as a string of money, and regard new words as copper coins, and accumulate them day by day; regard difficulties as enemy formations, and attack them day and night with trepidation." Within a few months, he was free to read Russian books.
Figure 4
He applied "soldiers are not tired of deception" to the extreme. Since ancient times, multiple ambushes at the same location have been a major taboo for soldiers. But Liu Bocheng took the sword to the side, creating a classic battle of ambushing the same place twice in three days. On October 26, 1937, Liu Bocheng set up an ambush in the village of Qiqi, attacked the axle heavy forces of the Japanese army, annihilated more than 300 Japanese troops, and captured a large number of military supplies and mules and horses.
After the war, he judged that the front line was in urgent need of supplies, and the Japanese army would definitely transport military supplies to Pingding again, and the Japanese army had always been arrogant and would never abandon the short road of Qiqi Village because of an ambush. At the same time, he did not expect that the Japanese army would not think that our army was still setting up another ambush at a location, so the village of Qiqi was an excellent place for another ambush.
On the morning of October 28, as he expected, the Japanese army covered the westward march with more than 100 cavalry and more than 300 infantry, successfully entered the encirclement of our army, and finally killed more than 100 Japanese troops and captured a large amount of military supplies. In summing up after the war, Liu Bocheng called this tactic the "overlapping waiting" method. Wei Lihuang, a Kuomintang officer, could not help but sigh that this battle could be called a "miracle" in the history of war.
Figure 5 Deng Xiaoping
After the reform and opening up, when Deng Xiaoping led China to explore a new development path of reform and opening up, the classic remarks put forward by "black cats and white cats are good cats as long as they can catch mice" and "crossing the river by feeling the stones" once rose to state policy, but in fact, they were all said by Liu Bocheng. Deng Xiaoping partnered with Liu Bocheng for thirteen years, and the long-term cooperation allowed him to unconsciously remember a few of his famous words under Liu Bocheng's subtlety.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="18" > Liu Deng's army, invincible</h1>
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Liu Bocheng served as the commander of the 129th Division. In January 1938, Deng Xiaoping was transferred to the political commissar of the 129th Division. In fact, this is not the first time they met, as early as 1931, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping successively came to the Central Soviet District, the two compatriots saw each other at the same time, but at this time they would not think that the two would have 13 years of joint command of the battle experience. Deng Xiaoping later recalled the first time he met Liu Bocheng, saying: "Bocheng was a loyal, kind, and sincere person, and he left a deep impression on me. ”
They were a division commander and a political commissar, and in the War of Resistance Against Japan and the War of Liberation, the cooperation between the two was intimate. Although the age difference is in their teens and their hobbies are not the same, it does not affect their cooperation in the slightest. They complemented each other on the battlefield, and with the cooperation of the two, the 129th Division created legendary battles one after another.
Figure 6 Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping
In early 1938, the 129th Division was ordered to turn to the battlefield behind enemy lines, and Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping led troops to garrison the Taihang Mountains. At that time, when the Japanese army attacked Shanxi in three ways, the 129th Division was ordered to cut off the reinforcements from the direction of Shijiazhuang. Under these heavy sieges, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping carefully analyzed the terrain, grasped the fighters, launched many ambushes, and achieved good results.
On March 14, the main force of the 129th Division entered the Banks of the Zhangzhang River and set up its headquarters in Yangjiazhuang. Liu Bocheng sent people to detect that there were more than 3,000 Japanese troops stationed in Lucheng, while Licheng had more than 1,500 troops, which was less than half of the troops. Late at night, the war room was quiet, and only the sound of Liu Bocheng flipping through the enemy's briefing was heard.
Looking at the map of 1/50,000 captured from the Japanese army, Liu Bocheng found that ShentouLing was only 20 kilometers away from Lucheng, and there was a mountain road in the village that passed through the mountain from the bottom of the mountain. The roadside is densely covered with mountains and forests, the mountain terrain is very undulating, and there are huge rocks everywhere, which is the most suitable for ambushes.
He summoned the staff officers of the various armies to discuss the battle plan. Liu Bocheng decided to deploy the main forces at Shentou Ridge to set up an ambush, and sent a small force to sneak into Licheng to attract the enemy troops from Lucheng to support, and when they passed the necessary mountain road, they could annihilate the enemy army in one fell swoop.
Figure 7 Deng Xiaoping Liu Bocheng
But when they came to Shentouling for field investigation, they found that Shentouling was just a small hill, full of broken walls and ruins, trees had long been cut down, and it was rare to find suitable shelter next to the road preparing for ambush. After reconnaissance, there were only some fortifications left by the former Kuomintang troops, but they had long been dilapidated because of the long time.
Several staff officers shook their heads in agreement, believing that the ambush plan was not suitable for the operation. But Liu Bocheng thought about it for a while and decided that the ambush plan would not change. "Soldiers, tricksters also." The sword can only achieve unexpected results.
At the insistence of Liu Bocheng, on March 16, the battle was officially launched. After nearly 7 hours of fierce fighting, the 129th Division successfully annihilated more than 1,400 enemy troops, captured more than 550 weapons of various types, and captured more than 80 enemy troops, successfully suppressing the arrogance of the Japanese army and strongly supporting the rear battlefield.
During the most difficult years of the War of Resistance, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping led the 129th Division to become a sharp sword inserted into the heart of the Japanese army on the Taihang Mountains. From Changzhi, Lucheng, Licheng, wuxiang in Shanxi to Xiangxian in Hebei, they measured every hill in the Taihang Mountains with their footsteps, and every hill left traces of their battle side by side.
Some people have commented that Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping's working methods have their own characteristics; Liu Bocheng is "lifting a light weight as heavy as a weight," and Deng Xiaoping is "lifting a heavy weight as light." The two people are precisely complementary to each other, complementing each other, and one is indispensable. According to the recollections of the two men's old subordinates, Liu Bocheng was approachable in his daily life, very concerned about comrades, like a kind old father, but he treated his work meticulously and was extremely responsible; while Deng Xiaoping would strictly demand cadres, simply and decisively point out the problems that arose in their work, urge people to make progress in their thinking, and be more like a strict teacher. It was this kind of loving father Yan Division that led the 129th Division into an invincible division and made many achievements in the War of Resistance Against Japan and the War of Reconciliation.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="28" > know each other and are lifelong friends</h1>
Liu Bocheng's use of soldiers like gods was summed up from one war report after another and from map to map. He was always accustomed to a detailed analysis of the local terrain and the situation of the enemy army before the war, which required a lot of desk work, which would undoubtedly bring a great burden to his body for Liu Bocheng, who was blind in his right eye.
Therefore, such scenes were often seen in the war rooms of the 129th Division. Liu Bocheng stood at the battle table, while Deng Xiaoping helped him hold up a candle next to him, and Liu Bocheng looked at the battle map by candlelight. Whenever he pointed to a place, Deng Xiaoping would take a magnifying glass and read out the place name. The old subordinates confessed that after more than ten years of revolution, they had never seen such a deep comradeship of war, just like the boy and the son of the world, the mountains and the flowing water, and a confidant.
Figure 9 Liu Bocheng Deng Xiaoping
People know that Liu Bocheng has made great achievements in battle, but they do not know that he has been injured in 9 places for the victory of the war and the liberation of the whole country, and even several times he has faced danger to his life, in addition to the right eye that was injured and blinded during the War of The Protector of France, there have been two serious injuries, once in the left leg, the wound is close to the nerve tissue, and after the injury, he cannot walk; the other time in the right leg, the stray bullet hit the femoral artery and lost blood, and the postoperative infection even faced the danger of amputation, and also left sequelae after recovery.
Knowing Liu Bocheng's physical condition, Deng Xiaoping always took on himself some simple and tedious tasks such as issuing telegrams, drafting reports, and organizing implementations, and asked the staff of the division headquarters not to disturb Liu Bocheng with trivial matters as much as possible. Over time, the officers and men of the 129th Division all formed a conventional rule--find Deng Xiaoping for small things, and Liu Bocheng for big things.
Not only was Deng Xiaoping concerned about Liu Bocheng's health, but Liu Bocheng was also always concerned about Deng Xiaoping's safety. As a political commissar, Deng Xiaoping often had to leave his garrison to hold meetings to inspect work, and sometimes he had to pass through enemy-occupied and blockaded areas, so he had to be extremely prepared for every meeting.
Figure 10 Liu Bocheng
In March 1942, Deng Xiaoping was going to Taiyue to inspect the work, and when he set out, Liu Bocheng personally sent Deng Xiaoping on one journey after another. After sending Liu Bocheng away, Liu Bocheng immediately summoned the chief of staff to the front and instructed:
The enemy has been frequently sweeping up recently, and now is the time of danger, and we must ensure the safety of Commissar Deng. Immediately send a telegram to inform the people of which places Commissar Deng is going to pass, and let them report the reception to the division headquarters at any time, which must be delivered on the same day!
After instructing the chief of staff, Liu Bocheng was still not at ease, and from time to time he went to the duty room to ask about Deng Xiaoping's situation and see if the next station had safely received him.
On the evening of March 19, the staff of the duty room reported to Liu Bocheng that Deng Xiaoping was going to Taiyue via the Baijin Line that night. At that time, the Baijin Line belonged to the enemy-occupied area, because of its important strategic position, the Japanese army invested a large number of troops here, and it was a key defensive point. Liu Bocheng was relieved after hearing this, and immediately went to the duty room to guard himself, hoping to get the news of Deng Xiaoping at the first time.
As the night grew darker, the dim candlelight in the duty room jumped alone. Liu Bocheng looked at the telegraph machine, which was still not moving at all, and Master Liu, who was calm and calm in the face of the enemy on the battlefield, kept pacing the room.
Figure 11 Liu Bocheng
Late at night, Liu Bocheng asked the two small soldiers in the duty room to rest and wait by himself. The two soldiers said, "Commander, go and rest, we are not sleepy, and we are here to guard the news of Commissar Deng." Liu Bocheng also did not talk to them more, directly pulled one by one hand and brought them to the next lounge, watching them lie down before returning to the duty room, while waiting for the news of the safe arrival, while checking the diary. It wasn't until Chen Geng sent the news that Deng Xiaoping had arrived safely in Taiyue that Liu Bocheng breathed a long sigh of relief and got up to rest.
The cooperation between Liu Deng and Deng is a high degree of consistency between thought and will. Looking at the joint telegram signed by Liu Deng, it is clear that except for some documents signed by the two men in different places to clearly distinguish whose decision it was, the rest of the documents are difficult to see whose handwriting it is.
A document usually contains not only deng xiaoping's emphasis on the issue of rear support in the base areas and the coordination and coordination of local armed forces, but also Liu Bocheng's meticulous analysis of the campaign and the post-war summary, as well as some tactical and strategic issues that he summarized and innovated.
Therefore, when later generations wrote anthology about the two people, it was often Liu Zhongdeng and Deng Zhongliu, and the materials were studied together, and then counted separately on the ideological achievements of the two men. The old comrades-in-arms who worked with them said emotionally, "The relationship between Liu Deng and Deng cannot even be put into a ton number." ”
Figure 12 From left to right Wang Weizhou He Long Liu Bocheng Xu Shiyou Deng Xiaoping Meet in Chongqing
This tacit understanding and trust is also reflected in every day and every decision in wartime. The comrades of the 129th Division all know that as long as it is something that Deng Xiaoping decides, Liu Bocheng will never oppose it, and as long as Liu Bocheng has expressed his stance, Deng Xiaoping will certainly fully support it. One of the most common words that Liu Bocheng said was: "The political commissar has already said it, then it is so fixed, and the order is immediately executed!" ”
It is precisely because of Deng Xiaoping's resolute support and maintenance of Liu Bocheng that Liu Bocheng can strengthen his conviction even more, and let go of his hands and feet to boldly try new tactics and tactics, which can often play a surprising victory. General Manager Zhu once praised Liu Bocheng for his profound attainments in military theory, his many innovations, and his demeanor as a famous general in ancient times, and he was a rare general in our country.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="41" > the friendship between the two people and the love of the two families</h1>
Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping's two close friends not only tacitly cooperated on the battlefield in life but also talked about good friends, and even because of their relationship, people in the two families became good friends, and even the name of Deng Xiaoping's eldest son was helped by Liu Bocheng.
In 1944, Deng Xiaoping's eldest son was born in Matian Village, Liaoxian County, Shanxi, and for a while he did not think of any suitable name, so he simply took the nickname "Fat Fat". Then Deng Xiaoping and his wife threw themselves into the work of the army, and Fat Fat was fostered in the homes of villagers in Matian Village.
One day, taking advantage of a short break, Mr. and Mrs. Deng Xiaoping finally had time to bring their son to the headquarters for a reunion. Liu Deng and his family sat around the small stone table together and chatted, looking at the fat who was already two years old, Zhuo Lin urged Deng Xiaoping to give the child a big name. Deng Xiaoping thought about it and said, "Let's also name the child Taihang, Deng Taixing." ”
Figure 13 Liu Bocheng's family and Deng Xiaoping's family
Liu Bocheng couldn't help but laugh at the side, because his son Liu Taixing was born in Liaoxian County, Shanxi, according to the Liu family's genealogy, his child was Taizi generation, and he was born in Taihang Mountain, so he named it "Taihang".
Deng Xiaoping thought about it carefully and felt that it was not appropriate for both children to be called "Taixing".
So he teased Liu Bocheng: "Master Liu, your son has occupied our "fat" name, you may want to give my son another good name." ”
After hearing this, Liu Bocheng pointed at Deng Xiaoping with a cheerful smile and said humorously: "This name is a matter for your political commissar, and it has nothing to do with me, the division commander." ”
Deng Xiaoping retorted with a smile: "Everyone says that Liu Deng does not separate his family, so you should give one." ”
Liu Bocheng heard Deng Xiaoping say this, and the name could not escape. He took the fat man to his lap and sat down, and after careful consideration, he then wrote the four words "simple and square" with a pen on the small stone table:
"This child is really good-looking, a good child, simple and square, how about calling it 'Park Fang'?"
After listening to it, everyone said yes in unison, and from then on, Deng Pufang's name was settled.
Figure 14
As the saying goes, there is no unbroken feast in the world, and even the closest comrades-in-arms have a day to go to the west and the east.
After the founding of New China, Liu Bocheng resigned from his post in the army and took the initiative to ask Miao to go to Nanjing to organize a military academy, while Deng Xiaoping continued to stay in the southwest to carry out post-war construction, and the two of them went to the new posts that needed them more.
At the time of parting, Liu Bocheng deliberately gave Deng Xiaoping a photo of his eyes that had not been injured when he was young. The young man in the photo has bright eyes and is heroic. He also wrote behind the photo:
In 1916, Yuan Shikai declared himself emperor, and a war against Yuan broke out. I was wounded in the head and crippled in my right eye on February 27 of the lunar calendar in the War against Yuan, which was taken the year before the incident. Before it was accidentally lost, this is 36 years later to find it, sent to you to put around, I hope to bo jun a smile.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="58" > late years, the last words were entrusted</h1>
After the enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission in 1958, although Liu Bocheng was still in the Central Military Commission, he actually had no real power and was already idle at home. Coupled with years of fatigue, old injuries have recurred, and it has become a lot of diseases. When his eyes were almost blind, he rarely went out, but occasionally went to Chen Yi's house next door to visit the door and chat.
Figure 15 Liu Bocheng and Chen Yi talk together
Chen Yi died of illness in 1972, and this news dealt a heavy blow to Liu Bocheng, who was already in his twilight years. Completely blind at the time, he was supported by the little warrior to send his old friend on his last journey.
He came to the bedside and brushed Chen Yi's body with his hands little by little, and his mouth kept murmuring, and everyone present could not help but shed tears of this touching feeling. The old man who has been fighting for many years has been separated from too many friends.
In October 1986, Liu Bocheng, who was lying on a hospital bed, was already confused, he was well aware of his physical condition, and when Hua Guofeng came to visit him, he asked: "After I die, there is only one request, let Deng Xiaoping preside over my memorial service, otherwise I will never enter Babaoshan." ”
A few days later, 94-year-old Liu Bocheng passed away. Hua Guofeng told Deng Xiaoping about his last wish, only to see that Deng Xiaoping was silent for a long time, and after a long time he sighed deeply and whispered, "I know." ”
Figure 16
On the afternoon of October 16, 1986, Liu Bocheng's memorial service was held in Beijing, and Deng Xiaoping personally presided over it. At the meeting, he stood in front of the body for a long time to bid farewell to this good teacher and friend who had known him for half a lifetime.
Liu Bocheng, who aspired to "save the people from water and fire" when he was a teenager, spent his life practicing this oath. Deng Xiaoping said in "Mourning Bocheng" that looking back at Liu Bocheng's fighting history for the cause of communism, his great contributions to the country and the people, the Chinese Bolsheviks , this means the glorious title of a true communist, he deserves it.