Identity Background:
Dawa, female, born in April 1937, is now 82 years old, a resident of Kesong Neighborhood Committee, Changzhu Town, Naidong District, Shannan. Before the democratic reform in Tibet, the five members of the Dawa family were all "Chaba" (a kind of serf who rented the land of the manor house) of Kesong "Shuka" (the manor that belonged to the government, monasteries and slave owners before the democratic reform of Tibet), had no personal freedom, no land, and often did not have enough to eat and clothe. Dawa grew up working in the manor, supporting the poor, and was bullied. After the democratic reform, Dawa lived in the Kesong Neighborhood Committee, and successively had 7 children, living a stable and prosperous life. Currently, she lives with her daughter Ba Zhu, son-in-law Basang Dorjee, son Phuntsok, and granddaughter Danzin Droga.
Kesong Manor is located in the Yalong River Valley, known as the "Yalong Granary", which is rich in land, and occupies 2400 Tibetan grams of land (the traditional unit of measurement in Tibet, 1 Tibetan gram is about 28 city jin). 1 Tibetan gram of land is the land area of 1 zangk of barley seeds sown. It is one of the 6 major estates of the old Tibetan Kashag government, Kalon Wangingler, in the Shannan area. The labor, land and materials used to build the manor are all obtained by the owner of the manor free of charge, so the meaning of the word "Kesong" has the meaning of "not out of the penny and 'three wins'". Before the democratic reform, there were 59 households and 302 serfs in the manor ('Chaba', 'Heap Poor', 'Langsheng'), with low status and poor life. In 1959, under the leadership of the People's Liberation Army and the task force, the Kesong serfs took the lead in organizing, abolishing serfdom, and establishing tibet's first people's democratically elected peasant association.
February 18, 2019, Kesong Neighborhood Committee, 11:00 a.m., the sun is just right, warm as spring.
Dawa, 82, sat under her own sunshine shed sipping butter tea while listening to her granddaughter Danzen Zhuoga practicing "Za Nian" (Tibetan six-stringed violin), while her son Phuntsok pointed out, the sound of the piano and laughter intertwined.
Seeing the reporter enter the door, dawa's smile was even brighter. The old man's face was vicissitudes but her spirit was strong, and she got up to move the rattan chair for the reporter, and also instructed Phuntsok to serve candy and beef jerky.
Today's Kesson.
"Mo La (Grandma), are you still in good health?"
"Thanks to the blessings of the country, eat well, live well, except for a little deafness, waist is not sore, feet do not hurt, it is good." 」
60 years ago, Dawa could not have imagined that the family's life would be as peaceful and comfortable as it is today.
"I've been working on the estate since I was 8 years old and have suffered a lot." Dawa recalled, "At that time, all the grain we grew had to be given to the manor, and the manor only gave us about 100 catties of barley every year, which was not enough to eat." If the grain paid does not meet the requirements, the rented land will be taken back and turned into beggars. ”
"Not only is it not enough to eat, it's even worse. The house was a thatched hut made of earth, and it was dark and cold. There was nothing in the house except a small wooden table, a teapot, and a few bowls. The clothes and quilts were sewn together from the rags thrown away by the owner of the manor. ”
"When I was a kid, I had to do the same work as an adult. Before dawn, you have to get up and plant the ground, and the stars are out before you are allowed to go back. The work is all done by a pair of hands, the grass is pulled out with blood bubbles, and it is possible to be beaten at any time. Once, I was pouring the floor, and the housekeeper said that I was not doing a good job, and when I came up, he slapped me twice and kicked me to the ground. Not only that, my brother was sent away by the owner of the manor, and we did not dare to say anything, but we could only cry silently. ”
Before the democratic reform, the Kesong people lived in endless darkness, they were just "talking cattle and horses", even the basic right to subsistence was not guaranteed, and personal freedom was even more extravagant.
In 1959, the mighty democratic reform movement flourished in the plateau, and the feudal serfdom collapsed.
"At that time, the manor steward told us that the People's Liberation Army had come to kill people and set fires, and we were so frightened that we hid in the mountains." Dawa took a sip of butter tea and continued, "But the People's Liberation Army not only did not kill people and set fires, but also sent us water and rice dumplings." A Kham cadre named Tashi just now told us that the People's Liberation Army drove the owner of the manor away to liberate us and divide the land among us. ”
Tibet Democratic Reform First Village Exhibition Hall.
Only then did the villagers return to the manor in disbelief. Under the auspices of the People's Liberation Army and the task force, all the villagers were allocated land.
"According to the standards of that time, my family was allocated 19 acres of land, the land title and debt were all burned, and the grain grown was all our own. On the day of the land division, my aunt cried and said to me, our good days are coming! ”
In July 1959, Dawa represented her family in the democratic "Bean Selection" (throwing beans into the bowl of people she thought qualified to become village cadres) and elected the first peasant association in Tibetan history.
The Kesong Manor of the serf owners has since become the Kesong village of the Kesong people, and the "First Village of Democratic Reform in Tibet" was born.
Taking this place as a turning point, the slowly flowing river of history has gone in a new direction after experiencing surging turbulence. The vast number of serfs stood up and became their masters.
In the past 60 years, the people have created history.
Dawa's family.
Relying on hard work and hard work, Dawa's family lived a rich and stable life. Among her 7 children, some are doctors, some are passenger transporters, some are construction workers... Everybody has something to do and an income.
"Now there is medical insurance for medical treatment, it does not cost money to go to school, the state gives subsidies, and the village often plays big plays, who does not say that we live well!"
The midday sun shone brighter, shining on Dawa's wrist, and the silver bracelet shone brightly. She led reporters on a tour of her family's house.
Dawa and daughter.
Dawa's two-story building, completed in 2009, has 11 rooms where she lives with her son, daughter, son-in-law and granddaughter. After the renovation in 2018, with WIFI, I bought 3 sets of living room furniture, 4 TVs, and a four-door refrigerator, which was spacious and bright, clean and tidy.
"This is the second time we have renovated the house, which I dare to think when I was a child, when I lived in a cowshed that was not as good as it is now." If Auntie can live to this day, how good it would be! Dawa sighed.
From the huts before the democratic reforms, to the four adobe houses of the 1980s, to the 300-square-meter building today, the housing change is the epitome of the changes in the life of the Dawa family.
In addition to living, the change in eating is also earth-shaking. "When I was a child, it was difficult to eat rice dumplings, I had never seen potatoes, and I often worked hungry. Now what you want to eat, there is a restaurant in the village, and there is meat all year round. Dawa smiled as she pointed to the strips of dried meat hanging on the porch.
Dawa's new off-road vehicle.
Last year, Dawa's family earned nearly 100,000 yuan a year and bought an off-road vehicle. Dawa often took a car to Zeidang to go shopping and pass through Rinka, and the family was happy.
The changes in Dawa's life reflect the great changes in Tibet. From here, we have seen the road of happiness created by the Tibetan people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China over the past 60 years of democratic reform, which has been created by hard work, simplicity, unity and hard work.