Zou Rong bust photo. The pictures in this article are all from the Shanghai Longhua Martyrs Memorial Hall. The Longhua Martyrs Memorial Hall is located at the north end of the main north-south axis of the Longhua Martyrs Cemetery in Shanghai, and the name of the museum is inscribed by Chen Yun. The basic exhibition of the memorial hall is "Heroic Song - Shanghai Heroic Martyrs Memorial Exhibition", closely following the theme of "The City of Heroes Gives Birth to Heroes, and the Heroic Spirit Inspires Future Generations", showing the integrity and spirit of 256 heroes closely related to Shanghai, who persevered, bowed down and died in the process of the liberation of the people and the rejuvenation of the nation.
In 1905, at the age of 20, Zou Rong died of illness in Tilanqiao Prison in Shanghai.
Zou Rong (1885-1905), a native of Ba County, Sichuan (present-day Chongqing). In his early years, he studied in Japan and embraced bourgeois democratic ideas. In 1903, he returned to Shanghai and joined the Patriotic Society, during which he completed the book "Revolutionary Army". In the same year, he was sentenced to eternal imprisonment for the "Su Report case". In 1904, the sentence was commuted to two years' imprisonment. He died in Tilanqiao Prison in 1905.
Zou Rong presented a photo of a friend in Japan in 1902.
According to Xinhua News Agency, Zou Rong has been influenced by the traditional thinking of the Chinese nation since childhood and has a strong sense of national self-esteem. After the Sino-Japanese War, he read the Newspaper of The Times and other newspapers and periodicals, and became an enthusiastic disseminator of new ideas.
In 1902, Zou Rong went to Japan to study, was influenced by Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary ideas, and threw himself into the struggle for the democratic revolution. During his time in Japan, Zou Rong wrote a 7-chapter, 20,000-word book "Revolutionary Army", signed as "a pawn in the revolutionary army", which systematically expounded the object, nature, tasks and future of the democratic revolution.
"Revolutionary Army" profoundly exposed the feudal autocracy of the Qing government and was the first work in China's modern history to systematically propagate the revolution and advocate the establishment of a democratic republic. As soon as it came out, it was called "the first textbook of today's people" by many people.
Zou Rong (left) in March 1903 with his friend Fei Gongzhi.
Since 1903, the Revolutionary Army has reprinted 29 editions in Singapore, Japan, the United States, Hong Kong, Shanghai and other places, with a circulation of more than 1 million copies, accounting for the first place in the sales of revolutionary books and periodicals in the late Qing Dynasty. The Qing government panicked and colluded with imperialism to create a "Soviet report" that shocked China and foreign countries.
In June 1903, the Soviet newspaper published an article introducing the Revolutionary Army.
On June 29 and 30 of the same year, the patrol broke into the "Su Bao" museum and the Patriotic Society, and arrested Zhang Binglin and others. On July 1, 18-year-old Zou Rong walked alone to the prison, declared his name, and generously imprisoned.
On May 21, 1904, Zou Rong was sentenced to "two years' imprisonment, punishment for hard labor, full release, and deportation." Because of his inhuman life in prison, on April 3, 1905, Zou Rong died of illness in Tilanqiao Prison in Shanghai. He was 20 years old.
After the Xinhai Revolution, Sun Yat-sen posthumously awarded Zou Rong the honorary title of "Army General". According to the People's Daily, in 1924, more than 20 people, including Zhang Taiyan, Cai Yuanpei, Zhang Shizhao, Yu Youren, and Zhang Ji, made a special trip to Huajing to repair the tomb and erect the monument. In 1944, the Nationalist government decided to rename the section from the former Confucius Chi Hongjia Courtyard to the former Zou Family Ancestral Hall on Cangping Street to "Zou Rong Road", and the place name is still retained in the area from the Chongqing Liberation Monument to Linjiangmen.
In 1980, in order to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the Xinhai Revolution, the Shanghai Municipal Cultural Relics Administration Committee rebuilt the tomb of Zou Rong. In 1981, the Shanghai Municipal People's Government established zou rong's tomb as a municipal cultural relics protection unit. In April 2018, 113 years after Zou Rong's death, the Zou Rong Memorial Hall in Shanghai was reopened.
Tilanqiao Prison.
"Zou Rong has very few historical materials." Feng Zhihao, director of the Cultural Relics Management Office of the Cultural Affairs Bureau of Xuhui District, Shanghai, recalled that for the reconstruction of the memorial, he led all parties and spent more than two years searching for precious historical materials everywhere, "including Zou Rong's hometown of Chongqing, Tilanqiao Prison and other places, which were finally presented." ”
Entering the memorial hall, Zou Rong's only two surviving portraits, the old shadow of Tilanqiao Prison, Zhang Taiyan's handwritten "Biography of Zou Rong", the minutes of the meeting of Su Report, the trial records of the "Zi Lin Xi Bao" about the Su report, and the historical photos of the sacrifice to Zou Rong's tomb... In the precipitation of history, Zou Rong's life has a dazzling light.
In the memorial hall, various editions of "Revolutionary Army" written by Zou Rong are displayed. Although it is only more than 20,000 words, it is the first work to systematically expound the theory of revolution, and it is known as the "Declaration of Human Rights" in modern China. "The Republic of China is a country of freedom and independence" "All men and women are equal to each other, and there is no distinction between the superior and the inferior"... Between the lines, I could faintly see the figure of the brave young man of that year.
"The wind and rain bashan is far away, and people still remember the great general." For more than a hundred years, people have never forgotten Zou Rong. "Lu Xun also admired the Revolutionary Army, and many scholars believe that Lu Xun's abandonment of medicine and literature has a certain relationship with it." Feng Zhihao introduced.