<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" > inscription</h1>
With surplus grain in hand and no panic in their hearts, at the time of the Han and Wei Dynasties, successive years of warlords were fighting, and there were barren lands everywhere, displaced people, coupled with the ravages of floods and droughts, and society was pushed to a desperate situation. Food has become the focus of attention of the whole society, and it is also the key to the success or failure of the warlords. It can be said that whoever has the grain will occupy the initiative in the future; whoever has the grain in his hand will be able to laugh to the end. At this point, counting the warlords at that time with their fingers crossed, Yuan Shao, Liu Biao, Gongsun Zhan, Yuan Shu, Cao Cao, Tao Qian, Lü Bu, and Liu Bei, only Cao Cao did it, which became one of the key factors for Cao Cao to annex the crowd and dominate the north.
So, how did Cao Cao attach importance to grain production? Under what circumstances was Tuntian? Don't worry, and listen to the editor to elaborate -
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="31" > Mao Jiu's two suggestions to Cao Cao are very advanced: "Serve the Heavenly Son, attach importance to agriculture."</h1>
As early as after Cao Cao occupied Yanzhou, Mao Jiu, who was engaged in zhizhong, said to Cao Cao: "Now the country is falling apart, and the monarch is moving around; the people are in exile due to hunger and have no intention of producing; the government does not even have a year's grain reserves." Such a country is difficult to last... You should honor the Son of Heaven and give orders to those who do not obey the way of the lords, and straighten out the agricultural cultivation, so that hegemony can be achieved! ”
Cao Cao believed that Mao Jiu's suggestion of "serving the Heavenly Son and attaching importance to agriculture" was far-sighted, so he promoted him to be the gongcao of his official government.
Stills of Mao Jie
At that time, according to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, "in the first year of Xingping ... It is more than half a million dollars in the valley of the year, and people cannibalize each other. "Translated as, in 194 AD, a grain of rice was worth more than half a million dollars, and people ate people everywhere.
After Emperor Xian of Han returned to Luoyang, at this time, the palaces in Luoyang were burned by Dong Zhuo; what tested them even more was the lack of grain.
Emperor Xian of Han was willing to follow Cao Cao to Xu Du, one of the reasons was that Xu Du had grain! However, after a long time, Xu Du's grain was also in a hurry!
In the first year of the Han Dynasty's Jian'an, that is, in 196 AD, Cao Cao adopted Zao Yuan's suggestion to implement "Tun Tian".
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="32" > jujube only mentioned "Tun Tian", "Tun Tian System" solved the survival problem for Cao Cao</h1>
Zao's greatest contribution lies in the "Tun Tian system" he initiated, which solved the long-troubled grain problem for Cao Cao.
Dates
After the Ling Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, various powerful and powerful merger wars, the peasants were displaced, and the peasants lived in a deep and fierce situation. The countryside is full of situations in which "the fields are impermanent, and the people are impermanently dwellings."
Many warlords lost the war because of a severe shortage of food: Yuan Shao's army ate mulberry leaves; Yuan Shu's troops ate clams; and even Cao Cao, in the first few years of conquest, was often forced to withdraw because of lack of food.
In 196, Cao Cao defeated the Yellow Turban Army in Yingchuan Runan, capturing a large number of cattle, agricultural tools, and labor.
Zao Qi became interested in the Practice of the Yellow Turban Army in fighting and farming, and Zao Qi suggested that Cao Cao use these agricultural tools to reclaim land in the Xuchang area, implement tun tian, and solve the grain problem.
Cao Cao took Zao's advice and appointed him as the Governor of Tuntian, with full responsibility for Tuntian affairs.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="33" > Tuntian not only enabled Cao Cao to achieve food and clothing, but also made great contributions to his unification of the north</h1>
Tuntian is divided into two categories: mintun and juntun .
The first is Mintun , Zaoqi in Xuchang , the first of all to take the barren unowned farmland into the state ownership, the recruited large number of displaced people, every 50 people into a tun, each tun set up Tun Sima tun, equivalent to the production captain, each tun under the direct leadership of Tun Sima tun tian.
It has a lieutenant of diannong, such as Zaoqi, which is not subordinate to the county and is directly under the jurisdiction of the central government's Dasi Nong.
The land, seeds and agricultural tools provided by the state, and the harvest obtained by them is divided between the state and the peasants in the tun field in proportion to the land: if the cattle are cultivated by the state, the income is 60% of the officials and 40% of the people; if the official cattle are not used, the income is divided in half between the officials and the people.
In the first year of tun tian's implementation, it was "a million hue in the valley (ten buckets for one hu)". Therefore, Cao Cao ordered that each county should set up a field official and recruit exiles to tun tian.
Cao Cao promised Tun Tian
Later, Cao Cao accepted Zao's suggestion and ordered the army to tun tian, which was to let the soldiers tun tian, 60 people as a battalion, under the jurisdiction of the central government's subordinate Diannong Zhonglang , such as Cao Cao sent his own confidant, riding the capital lieutenant Ren Jun, to be the pawn of the farmer Zhonglang to be specifically managed, and the soldiers were guarding while tun tian.
The divine operation of the "Tun Tian system" initiated by Mr. Zao Qi played the role of killing two birds with one stone. First, Cao Cao was no longer so worried about the military grain that he could no longer sleep, "for several years, the millet was accumulated, and the warehouses were full" so that Cao Cao "conquered all directions and had no labor to transport grain"; second, Daxing Tuntian also solved the problem of displaced people, re-combined labor and land, and increased the population for Cao Cao.
Through the Tun Tian system, Cao Cao possessed the two major elements of grain and population, laying the foundation for him to speed up the unification of the north. Zao Qi himself was thus promoted to the position of Taishou of Chen Liu (陈留; present-day Chen Liu Town, Kaifeng, Henan).
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="40" > conclusion</h1>
If the two-point theory suggested by Mao Jie was to make Cao Cao pay attention to agricultural production and blackmail the Son of Heaven to order the princes; then Zao Qi suggested that Cao Cao directly tun tian and eat enough to eat his belly. One of these two people is to make Cao Cao pay attention to agriculture from a macro perspective, and the other is to directly mention the methodology. Mr. Zao's suggestion not only improved the situation in the countryside where "the fields are impermanent masters and the people are impermanent", but also enabled Cao Cao to "conquer the four directions and have no grain transportation", which solved the headache of military food problems for Cao Cao, and also increased a large number of people.