When Zhuge Liang analyzed the general situation in the world in "Longzhong Pair", he said to Liu Bei: "Now that there are millions of people, and the princes are blackmailing the Son of Heaven, this sincerity cannot be fought with." The Longzhong Pair is a dialogue between Zhuge Liang and Liu Bei after Liu Beisan Gu Maolu in 207 AD, and Cao Cao greeted Emperor Han in 196 AD and began to "blackmail the Son of Heaven to order the princes".
So who first proposed "holding the Son of Heaven hostage to order the princes"? Some people will say it is Mao Jie, others say it is frustrated, and some people say it is Jia Xu. In fact, it is not, let's arrange the historical development process of "holding the Son of Heaven hostage to order the princes" in chronological order.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="4" > Guan Zhong is the "initiator"</h1>
According to the "Zuo Biography", in 656 BC, the Duke of Qi Huan was the commander of Chu, and at that time King Cheng of Chu sent someone to ask: "The king is in the North Sea, the widows are in the South China Sea, and the wind, horses and cattle are not in the same place, so why are they crusading against us?" Guan Zhong replied, "When the summoning of Gong Yi was known to my ancestor Grand Duke (Jiang Taigong): The Fifth Marquis Jiu bo (Yin Ba), the female (Ru) Shi Zhengzhi, to clamp (yin) to assist the Zhou Room. ”
Guan Zhong's answer was actually a rip-off, he meant that after Zhou destroyed the Shang, the ancestor of the State of Qi, Jiang Taigong, was sealed in Qidi, and the Zhao Gong, who had the same status as the Duke of Zhou, once said to Jiang Ziya: "All the five marquises and nine hegemons who are divided into seals, if they do not obey the management, you can all requisition, in order to blackmail Zhou Tianzi." This is the origin of the real "Heavenly Son", which was later renamed the Emperor by Qin, so the "Heavenly Son" came from here.
Why did the State of Qi want to crusade against the State of Chu? Why did Guan Zhong have to find such an unreliable reason? It's all about domination! We all know that duke Huan of Qi, with the assistance of Guan Zhong, became the head of the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period. At that time, Zhou Tianzi had already declined, and the overlords such as Qi Huangong and Jin Wengong began to take turns to dominate with their strong strength, and they had to use the name of "assisting" Zhou Tianzi, which really opened a bad head for future generations.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="8" > Jia Xu - "serving the country to conquer the world"</h1>
In fact, the earliest statement that appears in the history of the Three Kingdoms is that the "poison warrior" Jia Xu proposed to Li Dai, the late leader of the Liangzhou Army, "serving the country to conquer the world". In the third year of Chuping (192), Dong Zhuo was killed, and his general Li Dai and others sent envoys to Chang'an to ask for forgiveness. At that time, Situ Wang Yun, who was in power, was a man of integrity and did not agree, and Li Dai and others were even more frightened, did not know what to do, and prepared to disband and flee back to the countryside.
At that time, because Jia Xu was an official under Dong Zhuo's army and was serving in Li Dao's army, in order to protect himself, he intervened to stop them and said to Li Dai and others: "Wen Chang'an wanted to do everything possible to curse the people of Liangzhou, and the kings abandoned the crowd and went alone, that is, a pavilion chief could bind the king." It is better to lead the crowd to the west, collect troops, attack Chang'an, avenge Dong Gong, fortunately, serve the country to conquer the world, if not, go away later. ”
This plan was adopted by Li Dai and others, so Li Dai and others, in the name of avenging Dong Zhuo, contacted the generals of the Western Liang Army, led the army day and night, rushed to Chang'an, and then defeated Lü Bu, killed Wang Yun, held Emperor Xian of Han hostage, and controlled the Eastern Han government. After Dong Zhuo's death, Emperor Xian of Han had just taken a breath and fell back into the control of the Warlords of Western Liang, so at that time, the Kwantung scholars would think of welcoming Emperor Xian of Han to the east.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="12" > Mao Jie - feng tianzi ordered not to be subordinate</h1>
When Mao Jiu was young, he was a county official and was known for his honesty and justice. He had wanted to escape the war in Jingzhou, but he had not yet arrived, and heard that Liu Biao's government orders were not strict, so he changed to Luyang County. Cao Cao entered Yanzhou and recruited him to serve in Zhizhong. Mao Jiu said to Cao Cao: "At present, the country is divided, the monarchy is separated, the people are unemployed, hungry and exiled, the public family has no reserves that can maintain for a year, and the people do not have the mind to settle down. ”
"Although Yuan Shao and Liu Biao have a large number of soldiers and strong forces, they have no long-term considerations, and there are no people who have established a foundation and built a fundamental foundation. The use of soldiers can be won only by justice, and the preservation of power requires financial resources, so it should be ordered by the Son of Heaven not to be subordinate, to cultivate and plant, and to have the resources of the army, so that the cause of the overlord can be accomplished! Cao Cao solemnly adopted his advice and transferred him to the shogunate GongCao.
Cao Cao's entry into Yanzhou was in 192 AD, so Cao Cao's conscription of Mao Jiu must have been after 192, and Mao Jiu can be said to have planned a long-term plan for Cao Cao. On the one hand, "obey the son of heaven to order not to be subordinate", on the other hand, "cultivate cultivation and accumulate military funds", these two are the basis for Cao Cao's rise in the chaotic world.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="16" > frustrated with the prince</h1>
In the second year of Xingping (195), Emperor Xian of Han went into exile in Hedong and other places, and advised Yuan Shao to welcome Emperor Xian, move the capital to Yicheng, and order the princes and horses to be disrespectful to the court; Yuan Shao planned to listen to The advice of Frustrated Zhi, but Chun Yuqiong and others thought that it would be too difficult to revive the Han Dynasty, and that Emperor Yingli of Han would weaken his power, and advised Yuan Shao not to use this strategy, so Yuan Shao gave up. The following year, Cao Cao welcomed Emperor Xian of Han to move the capital to Xu County, and Yuan Shao greatly regretted it.
The famous historian He Ziquan once commented that "Frustrated Zhi, Xun Yu, and Zhuge Liang were all first-rate intellectual figures in the Three Kingdoms period", and Hu Sansheng, a university scholar at the time of the Song and Yuan Dynasties who annotated the Zizhi Tongjian, commented that "Shao can use the teachings, Cao Qihu!" If Yuan Shao could adopt Frustrated Zhi's advice, there would be nothing for Cao Cao to do in the world battle.
Whether it was Jia Xu, Mao Jiu, or Frustrated Grant, although their statements on "holding the Son of Heaven hostage to order the princes" were different, the meaning was to control the emperor and occupy the political righteousness, so as to conquer other princes and pacify the world. Moreover, the "blackmail of the Son of Heaven to order the princes" proposed by them is not original, but comes from Guan Zhong. Guan Zhong, known as the "first phase of Huaxia", is naturally a model for the world's scholars, and Xiang Zhuge Liang "compares himself to Guan ZhongleYi", and it is not surprising that they know that Guan Zhong once used the reason of "assisting the Zhou Room" to cut down Chu.
In fact, under the circumstances of the great chaos in the world and the upheaval and displacement of emperor Xiandi of Han, many people of insight in the camp had the idea of "holding the son of heaven hostage to order the princes", but the views of Mao Jiu, Frustrated Zhi and others were clearly recorded. It is important to have ideas, but it is more important to implement them, only Cao Cao really welcomed Emperor Xian of Han to Xuchang, so Cao Cao was even better!
References: Notes on Pei Songzhi in romance of the Three Kingdoms, And Lu Simian in History of the Three Kingdoms