In August 1945, in Chongqing, a negotiation was underway concerning the fate of the country.
Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek, the "old enemy" finally met formally in Chongqing, and in less than 50 days, the two held close talks on a series of major issues related to the future of the country and the destiny of the nation.
At the negotiating table, mao zedong and Chiang Kai-shek, the Communist Party and the Kuomintang also engaged in a fierce confrontation between mao zedong and Chiang Kai-shek, the Communist Party and the Kuomintang, on another front where there was no smoke of gunfire at the negotiating table and the welcome banquet; what many people did not know was that beyond the negotiation table and the welcome banquet, Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek, the Communist Party and the Kuomintang also engaged in a fierce confrontation.
During the Chongqing negotiations, Mao Zedong and Liu Yazi made harmony in poetry and gave Liu Yazi his "Qinyuan Spring snow". On November 14, 1945, the Xinmin Bao Evening Magazine published "Qinyuan Spring and Snow", commenting that "the wind is unique, the literature is rich, and the boldness is unattainable." When Chiang Kai-shek heard this, he became angry and ashamed, saying that "Mao Zedong wants to claim the title of king and hegemony," and instructed the Kuomintang to organize a group of literati to write lyrics with "Qinyuan Spring" as a word plate and fight with Mao Zedong's "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" and was bound to overpower Mao Zedong.
For a time, the Kuomintang reactionary literati rushed to the top, and lyrics in the name of "Qinyuan Spring" and words appeared in newspapers one after another, and carried out large-scale "encirclement and suppression" of Mao Zedong's "Qinyuan Spring and Snow." In the face of the Kuomintang's open guns and dark arrows, Mao Zedong would not be afraid and proudly responded: "The Kuomintang curses people, crows and cicadas are noisy, and they can spray rice."
Why did the Xinmin Bao Evening Publish Mao Zedong's "Qinyuan Spring and Snow"? Why did Mao Zedong's poetry cause a sensation in the whole mountain city? Why was Chiang Kai-shek furious at the phrase "merely" and said, "Mao Zedong wants to claim the throne as hegemony"? And why should we mobilize the masses and "encircle and suppress them"? What is the final outcome of this "encirclement and suppression"? This article takes you to review the history of the Chongqing negotiations in 1945, unveil the secret of Chiang Kai-shek's "encirclement and suppression" of Mao Zedong, and recall Mao Zedong's great personality of "counting the past, counting the popular figures, and looking at the present dynasty."
Mao Zedong during the Chongqing Negotiations in 1945
<h1>Bravely entering the Dragon Pond Tiger's Den, Mao Zedong smiled slightly: Be careful</h1>
On August 15, 1945, Japan was officially surrendered.
From 1931 to 1945, after fourteen years of arduous struggle, the Chinese finally defeated the powerful Japanese aggressors and won a great victory in the War of Resistance Against Japan. The victory in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was the hard shoulder of the Kuomintang on the frontal battlefield, the persistence of the Communist Party in the battlefield behind enemy lines, and the unity of the people of the whole country in unity and sincerity, which was a fruitful result of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China in the second session.
When the common enemy was defeated, the two parties inevitably went to antagonism.
In fact, Chiang Kai-shek never changed his hostility toward Mao Zedong and the Communist Party, and even during the period of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, he was half-hearted, deliberately wary, constantly making small moves in the back, and even stabbing the knife with open fire.
Now, after the baptism of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Chiang Kai-shek's personal prestige has reached its peak at home and abroad, and Mao Zedong and the Communist Party of China under his leadership have also soared in popularity, the people's hearts are attached, and they still have a powerful armed force, which of course Chiang Kai-shek cannot tolerate.
Either, the Communist Party abandons its armed forces, and he Mao Zedong bows to Chiang Kai-shek, or, when the Kuomintang and the Communists meet each other, I Chiang Kai-shek will completely defeat you Mao Zedong and will never have the strength to make a comeback. This is the end that Chiang Kai-shek's "only two" can accept.
However, Mao Zedong and the Communist Party of China will never agree; Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang will resolutely resist Japan, and the Communist Party can only take the lead in its actions, but Chiang Kai-shek wants to lead China to dictatorship and dictatorship and become a vassal of the United States, and Mao Zedong will never agree!
In August 1945, Mao Zedong and the U.S. Ambassador to China, Hurley, arrived in Chongqing
Of course, Chiang Kai-shek knew that with Mao Zedong's foresight and foresight, it was absolutely impossible to abandon his armed forces and that fighting each other was the only option, but under the pressure of public opinion at home calling for peace, and because he was not yet ready for a full-scale civil war, he still decided to put on a show and invite Mao Zedong to Chongqing for negotiations, first, to make a high-profile gesture to show his sincerity in pursuing peace and seize the advantage of public opinion; second, to set aside time to prepare for a civil war, and after the negotiations broke down, he would find an excuse to start a war against the Communists.
Good political abacus to the home!
Most comrades held that Chiang Kai-shek's "peace" mask was just a disguise, and that the Chongqing negotiations were a feast at the gate of Hongmen, but Mao Zedong vigorously defied the public opinion, analyzed the four conditions of "our strength, the hearts of the people of the whole country, Chiang Kai-shek's difficulties, and foreign interference," and made the decision to personally go to Chongqing to participate in the negotiations.
Before leaving, some people said that Chiang Kai-shek had ulterior motives and advised Mao Zedong not to go, but Mao Zedong concluded that although Chiang Kai-shek would be a little difficult in this negotiation, he did not dare to make any action on himself. ”
Facts have proved that the process and results of the Chongqing negotiations were carried out almost entirely according to Mao Zedong's predictions, which is the superiority of the great man.
During the Chongqing negotiations in 1945, Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek took a group photo
<h1>In harmony with Liu Yazi's poetry, Liu Yazi marveled: the first in the history of Chinese words</h1>
On August 28, 1945, Mao Zedong and his delegation flew to Chongqing, shaking the whole city.
That evening, Chiang Kai-shek held a grand welcome banquet for Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai and their entourage. During the banquet, the Kuomintang and the Communists exchanged wine and exchanged ideas, Mao Zedong called Chiang Kai-shek the "chairman of the committee," and Chiang Kai-shek called Mao Zedong "Runzhi." The old rivals who had been fighting for more than ten years met again, and the atmosphere seemed to be quite harmonious, but in fact, the real contest began from this moment.
Mao Zedong was well aware that the Chongqing negotiations were not just a contest at the negotiating table, but an all-out struggle. During his stay in Chongqing, Mao Zedong gave full play to his profound knowledge, literary talent, and communication skills, had close contact with the top level of the Kuomintang, democratic parties, and non-party personages, frequently interacted, displayed his extraordinary personality charm, and made friends with many people, and people exclaimed one after another: It turned out that Mao Zedong was not the "hateful red bandit leader" advertised by the Kuomintang newspapers, but a politician with long sleeves and good dancing!
In Mao's communicative skills, poetry became a great weapon for him to harvest "fans".
On the third day of Mao Zedong's arrival in Chongqing, Liu Yazi came to visit.
Liu Yazi was a famous talent, the founder of the Nanshe Society, and also a representative of the "left wing" of the Kuomintang, who had met Mao Zedong as early as the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation, and was deeply impressed by Mao Zedong's talent and insight.
After some hypnotic conversation, Liu Yazi immediately gave a poem to Mao Zedong:
Farewell to Yangcheng nineteen autumns, reunion handshake Xiyuzhou. The heavens are brave and honest, and the people are still fighting and resting. Linyu Cangsheng new country, Yunlei Qingshi old boat. Zhongshan Carr double source, a smile Kunlun on top of the head.
Mao Zedong with Liu Yazi
Liu Yazi praised Mao Zedong's coming to Chongqing as "a great courage in the sky," saying that the current KUOMINTANG-CPC negotiations were "zhongshan-Karl shuangyuanhe," that is, the combination of the "Three People's Principles" advocated by Sun Yat-sen and the "communism" advocated by Karl Marx.
Before parting, Liu Yazi "asked Mao Zedong for a sentence", which was the custom of literati to pay each other at that time, and Mao Zedong immediately agreed.
A few days later, Liu Yazi received a letter, he opened the letter, Mao Zedong's unique cursive letter jumped on the paper: "When I first arrived in northern Shaanxi and saw heavy snow, I filled in a poem, which seemed to be slightly closer to Mr. Wang's poem, and the record was submitted for trial." Liu Yazi continued to read:
"The scenery of the northern country, thousands of miles of ice, thousands of miles of snow." Looking at the inside and outside of the Great Wall, only the rest is reckless; the great river is up and down, and it is suddenly lost. Mountain dancing silver snake, the original chi wax elephant, wants to be higher than the Tiangong test. On a sunny day, look at the red dress, especially charming. There are so many delicate rivers and mountains, causing countless heroes to bend their waists. Emperor Han Wu of Qin lost his literary style slightly; Emperor Songzu of Tang was slightly inferior. A generation of heavenly pride, Genghis Khan, only knows how to bend the bow to shoot large eagles. Count the popular characters, and look at the present dynasty. ”
After reading the poem, Liu Yazi shouted: A good one "wants to be higher than the Heavenly Gong Test"! A good one to "lead countless heroes to bend their waists"! A good one "count the popular characters, but also look at the present dynasty"! A good song "Qinyuan Spring · Snow!! Never seen before, unheard of!
Liu Yazi was so excited that he immediately wrote a poem "The First Rhyme of Mao Run's Journey to Northern Shaanxi to See heavy snow", and replied to Mao Zedong: "After reading the exhibition, I thought that China had the first hand since there was a word, although Su (Shi) and Xin (abandoned disease) failed to resist (compared), the situation Yu Zihu? ”
In Liu Yazi's view, Mao Zedong's poem "Qinyuan Spring · "Snow" has a vast realm, a lofty pattern, a magnificent momentum, and an incomparable grandeur, which is actually the first classic work in China since there are words, even the Taishan Beidou of Su Dongpo and Xin Shuyi, the two bold words, cannot be compared with Mao Zedong's works, let alone other people?
In fact, Mao Zedong's poem "Qinyuan Chun · "Snow" had been published as early as February 1936, but he was low-key, and it was not published publicly even within the party, until this time liu Yazi asked for a draft of the poem, and Mao Zedong offered the word.
In 1945, Mao Zedong wrote a handwritten letterhead of "Qinyuan Spring and Snow"
<h1>"Qinyuan Spring and Snow" sensationalized the mountain city, and Chiang Kai-shek became angry: Mao Zedong wanted to claim the king's hegemony</h1>
After a few days, Liu Yazi's mood is still not calm, so why not publish such an ancient majestic word, so that the people of the whole country can appreciate it? He immediately translated Mao Zedong's "Qinyuan Chun · Snow" and his own words were sent to Xinhua Daily for simultaneous publication, but Xinhua Daily refused Liu Yazi's request.
Originally, although Xinhua Ribao was a newspaper founded by the Communist Party of China, it could not publish his works publicly without Mao Zedong's own consent, so it had to publish Liu Yazi's "Peace Words" instead of Mao Zedong's "Qinyuan Chunxue" instead of Mao Zedong's "Qinyuan Chunxue" However, the editors within the Xinhua Daily newspaper "violated the regulations" and copied Down Mao Zedong's "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" and passed it on.
Liu Yazi's "Japanese Words" were published and attracted widespread attention, but people were more interested in Mao Zedong's original works.
After Wu Zuguang, the editor of the "Xinmin Bao Evening Magazine", heard about it, he searched around, pieced it together, and finally got a complete copy of "Qinyuan Chunxue" from various manuscripts, and on November 14, 1945, the "Western Night Talk" supplement of the "Xinmin Bao Evening Magazine" was solemnly published in a prominent position, and also added a passionate "according to the language" to the word - "Mr. Mao Runzhi can write poetry, it seems to be little known." There are people who copied the word "Qinyuan Spring and Snow", and the wind tone is unique and the literary sentiment is rich. And the boldness is unattainable. ”
What Wu Zuguang could not have imagined was that as soon as Mao Zedong's "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" was published, it immediately caused a sensation in the mountain city, triggering the whole people to recite it, and poetry lovers used "Qinyuan Spring" and words one after another, some entertained themselves, some actively submitted articles, and some organized discussions, and the entire Chongqing literary circle set off a "literary storm" with the theme of "MaoZi Qinyuan Spring".
Just by looking at the evaluations of people at that time, we can imagine what kind of storm Mao Zedong's "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" set off in Chongqing: what "self-cast great words", what "magnificent atmosphere", "wide-eyed Liuhe, magnificent and majestic", "can be sought in distress", "singing for thousands of years", "although the eastern slope, young an, still stunned"... These words of praise are not words of praise, but praise from the heart.
Soon after, Chongqing's "Ta Kung Pao" moved according to the situation, and collected "MaoZi Qinyuan Chun" and Liu Yazi's hezi together and published them again in a conspicuous page, which once again aroused controversy. Subsequently, major newspapers in Chongqing competed to reprint, and the rhymes, singing and works of "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" and the commentary articles frequently appeared in major newspapers, triggering a second round of "literary storm".
On November 14, 1945, the second page of the evening magazine of Xinmin Bao published Mao Zedong's "Qinyuan Spring and Snow"
The news reached Chiang Kai-shek's ears, and he was furious.
Mao Zedong personally came to Chongqing for negotiations, sensationalized the whole city, and all walks of life praised one after another, triggering a "political storm." Now Mao Zedong has set off two rounds of "literary storms" in shancheng because of a single poem, frantically "brushing the screen" and making every effort to make a splash, how can Chiang Kai-shek tolerate it?
Chiang Kai-shek's official residence.
Chiang Kai-shek sat in a chair and stared at a page on the table, which was Mao Zedong's "Qinyuan Spring and Snow"
Chen Brei stood aside, and the atmosphere did not dare to breathe. After a long time, Chiang Kai-shek asked, "Is this word really written by Mao Zedong?" ”
Chen Bray replied, "There is no doubt about it. ”
Chiang Kai-shek sighed, "What do you think of Mao Zedong's words?" ”
Chen Bray is Chiang Kai-shek's chief penman, his level is extraordinary, he dares to tell the truth, and he is known as Chiang Kai-shek's "literary boldness." He groaned a little and honestly replied: "The momentum is magnificent, the air swallows mountains and rivers, and it can be called the finest product of the world." ”
Chiang Kai-shek snorted in his nose, and with a hint of disdain, he said indignantly: "I see that Mao Zedong has a very big heart, is ambitious, wants to be an emperor, wants to be a king and hegemon, wants to be retro, and wants to go backwards." You have to quickly organize a group of people and write articles to criticize him. ”
Chen Bray replied, "Good! "Turn away.
Chiang Kai-shek was very angry, but his decision was not wrong, "culture can attack the heart", Mao Zedong made a splash in Chongqing, the people's hearts are attached, Chiang Kai-shek must react immediately, in the form of poetry to fight back, must overpower Mao Zedong's "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" end, in order to strike at the "arrogance" of Mao Zedong and the Communist Party.
In the 1945 Chongqing negotiations, Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek were at a banquet
<h1>The Kuomintang crowd encircled and suppressed, and Mao Zedong responded: The crows and cicadas are noisy</h1>
But Chiang Kai-shek did not expect that while he was right to fight back against Mao's decision with poetry, he underestimated Mao's poetry level —or that he overestimated the poetry level of his own people.
Supposedly, Chiang Kai-shek himself was the most convincing in writing a poem that was better than Mao Zedong's, but he was self-aware that he was not Mao's opponent at all in poetry. In 1926, the inaugural issue of Jiangxi Daily published a congratulatory poem written by Chiang Kai-shek for the newspaper, which is also the only poem passed down by Chiang Kai-shek, and the author posted it here for the benefit of readers and the odd text:
"Yikes! What a revolutionary rage! Yikes! This tide that has overthrown the sea has actually carried it from the Pearl River to the Yangtze River with the force of nature. ...... Yikes! What a revolutionary rage! Yikes! Good revolutionary forces!
I wonder if this poem was original by Chiang Kai-shek or ghostwrited by his think tank? If it is the former, Chiang Kai-shek's poetry level can be seen; if it is the latter, this pen holder is very suspicious of "belly black ugly" his own leadership.
In order to eliminate the huge influence of Mao Zedong's "Qinyuan Spring and Snow", the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang took pains to secretly solicit works with the words "Qinyuan Spring" from party organizations and Kuomintang members throughout the country. For a time, the applied works flew like snowflakes, but after selection, even the Kuomintang believed that most of them were mediocre works, which could not be compared with Mao Zedong's works.
But everyone is bullied to the doorstep, and they should not fight! There was no way, the Kuomintang had no choice but to "pull out the generals in the box", reluctantly selected some that could be seen, and published them simultaneously in newspapers and periodicals such as the Kuomintang Central Organ Newspaper , the Central Daily. Some of these works have signed their real names, some use pseudonyms, the content seems to be various, but in fact they hide sharp edges, they use the name of "singing peace" and under the guise of "anti-imperial thought" as a pretext, they wantonly attack Mao Zedong, saying that "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" promotes "feudal imperial thought", and even directly and maliciously insults.
Central Daily, an organ of the Kuomintang
In the face of the enemy's heavy "encirclement and suppression," how can we sit still and wait?
Of course, Mao Zedong himself did not despise to contradict the enemy, but Chen Yi, Guo Moruo, Liu Yazi, and others stepped forward one after another, joined the ranks of seemingly "singing peace" and actually "polemic war," and launched a battle without gun smoke with the Kuomintang reactionary literati. The "literary storm" set off by "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" has not subsided, but has intensified and become a "political storm".
What is the level of those "Qinyuan Spring" and words that attack Mao Zedong's poems? Let's look at one or two of them.
Yi Junzuo, Zi Jingzhai, Hanshouren of Hunan Province, Bachelor of Arts of Peking University, Master of Waseda University in Japan, family origins, talent and high qualifications, literature, poetry, books, paintings are all exquisite, known as "Three Xiang Caizi", he and the word two poems, one of which is:
The national pulse is like silk, the leaves fall and the flowers fly, and the stems are broken and fluffy. The pain is everywhere, and the burden is in vain; the vast and hundred senses are gushing about it. Killing the official Huang Chao, the pit soldiers are white, how many times do you see the demon descending the road getting higher? Ming Shen, forbearance shattered, buried enchanted. Gold is difficult to store Ajiao, Ren Ye state demon Rongxue thin waist. Look at the desert lonely smoke, raw and sharp; beauty vanilla, dead left. A thought is uneven, a thousand autumns of meritorious sins, and the history of Youth is selflessly carved. The genius is bright, and the night is long, and it is more waiting for the Ming Dynasty.
This song hides the sharp edge, "Kill the official Huang Chao, the pit soldiers are white, how many times do you see the higher the demon path?" In a word, Mao Zedong was compared to Huang Chao, the leader of the peasant rebel army who indiscriminately killed Tang Officials, and Bai Qi, a famous general of the Qin State who killed and surrendered soldiers; "Gold is difficult to store, and Ren Ye is a demon who learns a thin waist." In one sentence, mao zedong's "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" will be evaluated as "smelting the appearance of the demon", which shows the sinister intentions.
In 1945, during the Chongqing negotiations, Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek took a group photo together.
Wang Xinming, chief writer and deputy editor of the Kuomintang Central Daily, and the lyrics:
The Anti-Japanese War Army flourished, was ordered to make meritorious contributions, and supported Dong Piao. When wandering in the wrong way, the middle of the night is confused; the heart is frightened, and the world is frenzied. The Kou side is deep, the wall is difficult to recur, and looking back at the Central Plains Beacon Heights. But he turned against him, watched the killing and plundering the land, and showed off his arrogance. The mountains and rivers are beautiful and delicate, and the smiling grass heroes also bend their waists. Want to wing the king to throw pen, Ben Wei Cai Algae; Oshi inscription wall, dream good at the wind. Unfortunately, the side door was mistaken, and the final result was false, and the cliff of Lema was deliberately carved. It is not too late, butcher's knife should be put down and become a Buddha.
If Yi Junzuo's words are hidden sharp edges, Wang Xinming's words are sharp and exposed, and the whole word slanders Mao Zedong as "Kou Affliction" and "Recklessness", attacks communism as "side door left road" and "frightening the heart", and advises communists to "restrain horses from the precipice" and "put down the butcher knife", which can be described as Sima Zhao's heart.
There are many similar works of the Kuomintang reactionary literati, and the authors do not introduce them one by one. What these works have in common is to slander the Chinese Communist Party as an anti-thief and bandit, Mao Zedong has a feudal imperial ideology, the level is extremely inferior, people are very indignant, can not help but look at each other, but without exception can not be compared to "Qinyuan Spring and Snow", "encirclement and suppression" completely failed.
In the face of the "noise" of many reactionary literati, how did Mao Zedong react?
More than ten years ago, Chiang Kai-shek gathered heavy troops and launched five "encirclement and suppression" campaigns against the Central Soviet Region, all of which were defused by Mao Zedong one by one.
When Wang Ruofei collected the so-called "harmony words" and articles that the Kuomintang attacked "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" and showed them to Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong laughed and said to Huang Qisheng, a well-known patriotic democrat: "The Kuomintang curses people, crows and cicadas are noisy, and they can spray rice." ”
In Mao Zedong's view, these attacks and insults are like crows chirping in unison, knowing the noise, not worth refuting at all, so he has never made any rebuttals, the right to be a joke, the more noble character, which is "no matter how the rabid dogs bark the moon, the moon still shines."
Mao Zedong during the Chongqing negotiations in 1945
In fact, the "encirclement and suppression" against "Qinyuan Spring and Snow" has not stopped and has been carried out in secret. However, until Chiang Kai-shek's defeat in Taiwan, the Kuomintang did not collect works comparable to "Qinyuan Spring and Snow". Not to mention comparable, even the works that can be put on the table are not, which is also a major regret in Chiang Kai-shek's heart, but it is difficult to make up for it for life.
Politically, militarily, why was the contest of poetry also a fiasco, led by Mao Zedong alone?
Chiang Kai-shek may not have realized that the greatness of "Qinyuan Chun Xue" lies not only in its literary value, but also in its spiritual value, and Mao Zedong's realm, pattern, temperament, strength, ideals, ambitions, and personality charm are all vividly embodied in this unparalleled poem, which is also the root of "Qinyuan Chun Xue" beyond Su (Shi) Xin (abandoning disease).
"China has been the first to do it since there was a word, although Su (Shi) and Xin (abandoned the disease) failed to resist, the situation is Yu Zihu!" Mao Zedong, a great man of a generation, really deserves such an appraisal.
In other words, even if Mao Zedong had produced not "Qinyuan Chunxue", but "Qinyuan Chun Changsha", "Remembrance of Qin'e Loushanguan", "Seven Laws and Long March", "Water Tune Song Head And Swimming", "Qingping Le Liupanshan", "Nian Nu Jiao Kunlun", and any of Mao Zedong's classic poems, Chiang Kai-shek and his Kuomintang would still be unmatched, because what they lacked was not literary talent and talent, but the realm of the world, insight into the pattern of ancient and modern times, and far-sighted vision. It is the positive energy of the mind!
Mao Zedong's calligraphy "Qinyuan Spring Snow"
"Count the past, count the popular characters, and look at the present dynasty."
This age-shattering epilogue expresses the ambition to transform the world and issues a powerful declaration that transcends history. At that moment, Mao Zedong thought for thousands of years; at that moment, Mao Zedong had insight into the future; at that moment, Mao Zedong was full of pride; at that moment, Mao Zedong was proud of ancient and modern; at that moment, Mao Zedong's thought traveled through time and space and turned into an eternal spiritual force, illuminating the past and illuminating the future!
I would like to give this document to the great leader Chairman Mao! Don't forget the people who dug wells, and always remember Chairman Mao! This is the best of the world, as you wish!