Flowing golden years
The "Book of Jin and zhang rail biography" says: "In Yongxingzhong, Xianbei Ruoluo was able to allocate all the Kou, and sima Song was dispatched to attack, and the energy was cut off, and more than 100,000 people were captured, and the prestige was greatly shocked, and Emperor Hui sent the general Jia Anxi, the Marquis of Anle Township, and the YiQianhu, so the great city Guzang." Its city was built by the Xiongnu, seven miles from north to south, three miles from east to west, and the ground had the shape of a dragon, so it was called Wolong City." In the first month of the first year of Yongning (301), the Western Jin court appointed Zhang Rail as the Assassin of Liangzhou and also served as a lieutenant of the Qiang Dynasty. In the second year of Yongxing (305), Zhang Rail sent Sima Song to attack the enemy Xianbei of Nanshan, and in this battle Song Pi killed the Xianbei leader Ruo Luo Baneng and captured more than 100,000 Xianbei people. Emperor Hui of Jin sent emissaries to make Zhang Rail a general of Anxi, marquis of Anle Township, and thousands of other households. Zhang Rail stepped onto the stage of history, taking advantage of the wars in the Central Plains and the disputes between the princes to establish the regime of Qianliang in Wuwei.
Zhang Rail formulated the political policy of "respecting the Jin Dynasty" and the guiding ideology of "within the territory of Baoning"; under a series of administrative measures such as lightly dispensing with thin endowments and persuading nongsang, in just four or five years, the economy and society of Qianliang have been prosperous, the people have become rich, the national treasury has gradually become full, and there are sufficient manpower, material resources, and financial resources to build Guzang City. The former Liang capital was located in Guzang City, and Zhang Rail greatly renovated Guzang City. Taking the old city of Guzang built by the Xiongnu as the middle city, four additional cities were added to its side, the east city was named Gongwuchang, and the western city was named Xuanwupu. It is a very large city, with twenty-two gates connected by streets. Sima Guang of the Song Dynasty said in the Zizhi Tongjian: "Among the great cities of Wuwei, there are seven small cities, the old city was built by the Xiongnu, the Zhang clan built four more cities, and the remaining two cities were built by later generations." The "Notes on the Water Classic" quotes Wang Yin's "Book of Jin": "Liangzhou City has the shape of a dragon, so it is known as Wolong City, seven miles from the north to south, three miles from the east to the west, and it was built by the Xiongnu." The "Zhang Rail" "Dacheng Guzang" was only added to the old city built by the Xiongnu.
In 320, Zhang Mao succeeded to the throne and built the Lingjuntai. The Book of Jin records that Zhang Maoyi's political strategy of "setting dangers for the princes and reclogging the warriors" was to "restore the great city of Guzang and cultivate the spirit of Juntai". "Lingjuntai Zhoulun has more than eighty blocks, and the base height is nine." For Liangzhou, some people say "seven cities", some people say "seven miles", and there have always been doubts. In the Zizhi Tongjian, there are: "Among the great cities of Wuwei, there are seven small cities, the old city was built by the Xiongnu, Zhang Rail added four cities, and the second city was built by later generations." "This provides clues to unraveling the mystery of the Seven Cities." The "Biography of Suo Jing of the Book of Jin" also records: "In the early days, Jing xing saw guzang city from the south of the palace, to Zhang Jun, and built a southern city in its land, started the zong temple, and built a palace." This shows that Guzang City was built from generation to generation by the descendants of the Zhang clan since Zhang Rail. During Zhang Jun's 22-year reign, the former Liang state had a strong military and a strong economy, although it was "called a subject to the Jin, but not Zhongxing Zhengshuo." History called Zhang Jun: "Li Cao changed the festival, diligently cultivated the government, the general imperial literature and martial arts, the salty use, the near and far Jia Yong, the punishment of the Qing Dynasty and the wealth of the country." As a result, Guzang City ushered in a large-scale construction, and magnificent palaces and pavilions appeared in this political and cultural center of Hexi. Zhang Jun once built the Qianguang Hall in the south of the city, and the Four Times Palace in the middle and inner cities, from which the theory of the seven cities of Liangzhou came from. Guzang City has created a new pattern of "Gongbei City South" in the layout of The Palace and City, the capital city of China.
"Zhou Li Kao Gong Ji" Yun: Facing the Back City. This means that the palace is in the middle, facing south of it, and the city is in its north. According to Wang Yin's Book of Jin, "and the Zhang clan's worldly residence, and built four more cities, each with a thousand steps. Dongcheng Farming Garden Fruit, Destiny Talking Martial Field, Beicheng Breeding Garden Fruit, Destiny Xuanwu Garden, all have palaces. Due to the terrain, which has changed the "facing back to the city" emphasized in the "Zhou Li" for thousands of years, Guzang City has created a precedent for the "Gongbei City South" in the history of ancient Chinese capital construction, which is a challenge to the traditional etiquette system. The size of the city continued until the time of the Tang Dynasty, and the population of the seven cities reached 70,000 households and more than 200,000 people. By the time of the Republic of China, this ancient city also had three parts: outer city, middle city and inner city (Purple Golden City), and the three cities had ten gates and an east-west width of about 1000 meters. The poet Cen Shan, who was pleased at the banquet, wrote "The Night Collection of Liangzhou Pavilions and Judges": "The crooked moon hangs on the head of the city, and the moon on the head of the city shines in Liangzhou." During the 76 years (301 to 376) of Guzang's reign, Qianliang not only made positive contributions to quelling the unrest in Xianbei in Hexi, protecting the border and anmin, supporting the Jin Dynasty, and maintaining unification, but also built the famous Guzang City in Liangzhou, an important town on the Silk Road. Seven cities are connected, with twenty-two gates, connected streets, magnificent scale, and a variety of weather. The palace pavilion in the city is exquisitely designed and richly decorated, which has become a major innovation in the architectural history of ancient Liangzhou.
The former Lianggu Zang City is like a long dragon lying quietly, with a huge scale, many palaces, and colorful. How many stories of wind and snow and snow have been staged here, the legends of talented people, and the exploits of civilian and military generals. Dance hall singing platform, the wind is always hit by the rain! After the vicissitudes of the years, the Tang Dynasty has long been decadent. The famous border poet Li Yi wrote in the poem "Sending Chang Zeng to serve the imperial envoy Xi Fan to send the title Xichuan": "The liang king's palace is exhausted, and there is no Longyun west in Wu". The "Records of Yuanhe County" records that Liangzhou City "has no square city, has two wings, named Bird City", and at this time it no longer belongs to the old city of Guzang in former Liang.
Liangzhou Liangzhou
Guzang City was originally named Gaizang City, and later falsely rumored to be Guzang City. On the outskirts of Liangzhou District, Wuwei City, on the side of Haizang Temple, out of Wuwei City, walking through Jinyang Town, not far from Haizang Temple, along the road in front of the temple, to Zhao Shuikeng Village, the ruins of the city are hidden in this farmland. Wheat ears, corn growing wildly, the ancient city intermittently, a 2-meter-tall earthen wall appeared in front of him, there was a stone stele with the words "cultural relics protection", looking at the ruins and broken walls, rubble and lush farmland. This ancient city that has experienced ups and downs, it has witnessed the rise and fall of the Xiongnu, experienced the prosperity of the former liang, and recorded the long distance of the Silk Road. The time of 2100 years has left only a trace of the city, leaving only a heavy sigh. The Wusun people, the Yueshi people, the Xiongnu people, and the Han people gradually disappeared from history, leaving only some clues in the corners of the history books.
Only words are eternal, only poetry is long-lasting, and the praises are immortal for thousands of years. Thirteen years after Tang Tianbao, a spirited scholar came to Liangzhou with Ma Yang Whip, and he was Cen Shan, who was preparing to "seek the Marquis of Wanli". Cen Shan is a bright banner of Sheng Tang Biansai poetry, tragic and desolate, Jinge Iron Horse's border life, war has reached the extreme in his pen. Although Cen Shan passed the entrance examination and entered the civil service sequence, he did not have the ambition, and after five years of stumbling in the official field in Chang'an, there was no progress, so he saw through the world and despaired of red dust. The dignitaries and dignitaries of the DPRK and the Central Committee are rampant, everyone is hooked and fighting, and everyone is suspicious, and seeing that there is no hope of promotion, he had no choice but to study the class super throwing pen from Rong, from the northwest side of the army, hoping to establish military merit and shine in the court. In the eighth year of Tianbao (749), he left Chang'an to serve as the chief secretary of the shogunate in Anxi Jiedu and was stationed in Wuwei, this time his ideals and ambitions were not realized, and he returned to Chang'an in the summer of the tenth year of Tianbao. In the summer of the thirteenth year of Tianbao (754), Cen Shan traveled west again, and was awarded the title of Jiedu Judge by The Northern Court Jiedu envoy Feng Changqing, and in the first year of De (756), he served as the deputy envoy of Isi and Beiting Zhidu. This time he spent three years in the North Garden, the spring breeze was proud, the ambition has been rewarded, leaving a large number of heroic, magnificent poems.
Cen Shan's second westward journey laid the foundation for his lofty status as a Border Plug poet in Chinese history, and became a famous Border Plug poet with Wang Han, Wang Changling, Wang Zhizhuo, and so on. Once, he met an old friend of many years in the Hexi Jiedu Envoy Mansion in Liangzhou, and came to a Uighur tavern that he frequented, where he staggered and drank happily, and when he was drunk, Cen San's pride was everywhere, and he wrote: "The crooked moon hangs on the head of the city, and the moon of the city heads shines in Liangzhou."
100,000 families in the seven cities of Liangzhou, Hu people half-unpacked the pipa.
The pipa is a song that can be broken, and the wind is long and the night is long.
There are many deceased people in the Hexi curtain, and the deceased people do not come to the spring of the third and fifth.
Seeing autumn grass in front of the flower gate building, how can you look at the old man poorly and lowly.
You can laugh several times in your life, and you must get drunk when you meet wine.
Liangzhou City has survived because of this poem, and Guzang City is even more dazzling because of this poem. When the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty was gone, and the weak Northern Song Dynasty was struggling to support itself under the siege of ethnic minority regimes such as the Western Xia, Khitan and Jurchen, Liangzhou, as the metropolis of China, fell into decline with the opening of maritime shipping. At this time, although the Western Xia people regarded it as a companion capital, it was no longer the prosperity of the past. The Song people in a remote corner could not see the vast northwest territory of the motherland, and the west of the Yellow River was already a foreign country, and the place that was not far away had long been out of reach.
The Hexi Corridor created by the strong man has been lost, not to mention the Western Regions, and liangzhou in the former Liang and Tang Dynasties has long been forgotten by the world, and Lu You wrote in "The Second Absolute of the Senate Road with Gaozi": "The cold food Liangzhou is 100,000 homes, and the swing is still luxurious." So people really regarded the "Liangzhou" in the poem as "Liangzhou", and the Song people's vision felt that Hanzhong was a far away place (Mian County was the seat of ancient LiangZhou), thus going to a bias. Cen Shan poem "see autumn grass in front of the Flower Gate Tower, how can you look at the poor and look at the old" in the "Huamen" is actually a place name, referring to "Huamen Mountain", its former site is 300 miles north of JuyanHai, the Tang people built the Huamen Fort on Huamen Mountain, as an outpost to prevent nomads from going south, in the verse Cen San is used to refer to the Uighur restaurants they drink, to imply the grandeur of their goals and the lofty ideals.
In the eyes of the Song people, the "Huamen Tower" was regarded as the home of ordinary people in the city or a fashionable restaurant. The arrogance of the Sheng Tang Dynasty poet Cen Shan, who "only takes his name from the horse, is really a hero of the husband", and in the Song Dynasty, it finally evolved into a little sadness of the land tour "The iron horse glacier comes to sleep". The Xiongnu Gaizang City, the former Lianggu Zang Land, the Metropolis of Hexi, the Ancient Yong Prefecture under the Heavens, and the Old Capital of wuliang are all talking about today's Wuwei. Mr. Chen Yinke praised: "Guzang was originally the political and cultural center of Liangzhou, and after being added by Zhang, it became a model city in Hexi, just like Luoyang in the Central Plains."
1600 Years ago, the former Liang Zhang clan built Guzang City influenced the construction pattern of the old capital of Northern Wei, Pingcheng, the new capital Luoyang, and the Sui and Tang Chang'an Cities, which were modeled on the scale and layout of Guzang City. "Xiongguan Mandao is really like iron, and now step forward from the beginning", history rolls forward, the future is bound to be beautiful, the rise of the Belt and Road, the ancient and young Wuwei in the high hopes at the same time is full of challenges, no matter how to develop, the protection of cultural monuments, inheritance of cultural heritage is the most important.