Wu Jingzi first arrived in Ganyu at one of the time in Ganyu

Wu Jingzi first arrived in Ganyu at one of the time in Ganyu

Zhou Mingjun

The Mid-Autumn Festival was reunited, and the Ming Army Education held hands all the way to discuss the story of Wu Jingzi and Ganyu, and went to poetry and far away.

Wu Jingzi (1701-1754), zi minxuan, yizi wenmu, trumpet grain people, one of the greatest novelists of the Qing Dynasty. People from Quanjiao County, Chuzhou City, Anhui Province, because their family has "Wenmu Mountain House", so in their later years they called themselves "Wenmu Old Man", and because they moved from their hometown of Quanjiao County in Chuzhou, Anhui Province, to the Qinhuai River in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, they were also called "Qinhuai Entertainers".

"The History of Ru Linwai" and "The Travels of the Old Remnant", "The Appearance of the Officialdom", and "The Strange Situation Witnessed in Twenty Years" are the four major satirical novels in ancient China.

The Outer History of Ru Lin is a novel written by Wu Jingzi. Fifty-six times in the whole book, with realism to depict the different performances of various people for "fame and wealth", on the one hand, it truly reveals the process and reasons for the corrosion of human nature, so as to make a profound criticism and ridicule of the corruption of the officials at that time, the hypocrisy of the imperial examination, etiquette, etc. The History of Rulinwai represents the peak of the ancient Chinese satirical novel, which creates an example of directly evaluating real life with novels.

Especially in recent years, "The History of Rulin" has been listed as one of the required extracurricular books by junior high school teaching.

Everyone knows Wu Jingzi and the "History of Ru Lin", but few people know the origin of Wu Jingzi and Ganyu.

Wu Jingzi lived in Ganyu for nearly fourteen years in his youth and youth, which was one of the most malleable periods in language.

In the "History of Rulin", most of the language used by Wu Jingzi is the dialect of his hometown that he is familiar with, but many of them are not quanjiao dialects at all, nor are they Huaiyang languages, that is, the dialects of Ganyu that the Ganyu people are familiar with.

First, Wu Jingzi's family lineage

Wu Jingzi is a family of scholars, "since the Ming Dynasty, the successive generations of Kejia; the clan surname children are so vigorous that they are like Wang Xie".

According to historical records, Wu Jingzi, born in a family of local officials and eunuchs in Anhui, was prominent in the early years, and there were many talents in the family, Wu Jingzi's great-grandfathers, four of the five people were among the jinshi, and the great-grandfather Wu Guo was a tanhua during the Shunzhi period. Wu Jingzi himself wrote in "Moving The Family": "In the past fifty years, the family has flourished.

The "Chronicle of Quanjiao County" Qing Kangxi Edition Election Chronicle states that Wu Guojin character Yulin, number zhi reading, Nei Hanlin, Guo Pair Brother, Chongzhen Ji Ji Ju ren, Shunzhi Ji Ugly Jinshi, Nongchen Hall Trial Wen LinLang, Chang Jiangning Fu Professor; University Scholar Li Wei wrote "Cleaning Up the Branch Palm to the Matter of Wu Cemetery Table" said that the five brothers dengke four, Guo Ding, Gong (referring to Wu Guolong) are the same list of jinshi, guojin nongchen jinshi, and guozhi jinshi.

Wu Jingzi's great-grandfather Wu Guo was a tanhua, and he successively tried fujian and served as the governor of Shuntian; in addition, he was good at calligraphy and had a prominent reputation, and there were many prominent people under his disciples, such as Li Guangdi, who was in the same section as Ganyu Ni Changxi.

By the time of Wu Jingzi's ancestors, Wu Guolong's son Wu Sheng was a jinshi and Wu Fu was a lister; Wu Guo's son Wu Dan was an increase in life, and Wu Xun was also a tribute, and Wu Sheng was also a tongzhi, and Wu Sheng was a person.

Wu Jingzide's grandfather was Wu Dan, Wu Dan's son Wu Linqi was a tribute, and Wu Xun's son Wu Wenyan was Xiucai, with the smallest meritorious name.

Wu Jingzi was born to Wu Wenyan, and Wu Jingzi passed on to Wu Linqi.

Second, Wu Jingzi's time in Ganyu

In the fifty-second year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1713), the thirteen-year-old Wu Jingzi's mother died. The following year, Wu Jingzi's heir, Wu Linqi, went from Bagong to Ganyu County to teach.

Fourteen-year-old Wu Jingzi got up with his father Wu Lin to live in Ganma County, the city of Ganyu County.

When Wu Jingzi was fourteen years old in the fifty-third year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1714), he accompanied his father Wu Linqi to Ganyuqi, Jiangsu Province, until the twenty-third age of the first year of Yongzheng (1723), which was his youth. Nine of these fourteen years were spent in Ganyu.

In the History of Ru lin, the language used is basically the familiar dialect of the hometown. However, after careful reading, it was found that many of the dialects were not Anhui Quanjiao dialects at all, nor were they Huaiyang languages. Wu Jingzi lived in Ganyu in his youth and youth, and was one of the most malleable periods in language.

Many of the popular words and phrases in the "History of Rulinwaishi" are derived from the dialect of Ganyu, and the Ganyu dialect is brought into full play, and the old Ganyu people who have read the "History of Rulinwaishi" have a sense of well-being.

1. First arrival in Ganyu

In 1701, Wu Jingzi was born in the northwest of Quanjiao County, Anhui Province, in the 40th year of the Kangxi Dynasty. The Wu family was a family of scholars, and Wu Jingzi's grandfather and great-grandfather had a total of six jinshi within the family in the forty-eight years.

In the thirtieth time in the "History of Ru Lin", Guo Tiebi said to Du Shenqing, "Zunfu is a three-dingjia, four generations and six shangshu, and the protégés and former officials are scattered all over the world." "All of this is a reference, an allusion to the Wu family.

In the thirty-first time in the "History of Ru Lin", it is written that Du Shaoqing was the "governor of Ganzhou, Jiangxi", including that there are still sources that Say that Xu Dinglin of Ganyu Qingkou was a native of Ganzhou, Jiangxi. What is "Ganzhou, Jiangxi" in the "History of Ru Lin"? It is Jiangsu Ganyu.

Guangxu's "Chronicle of Ganyu County" records that in the fifty-third year of kangxi (1714), the fourteen-year-old Wu Jingzi went with his father Wu Linqi to Ganyu County, the northernmost coastal city in Jiangsu.

Until the age of twenty-eight in the sixth year of Yongzheng (1729), it was his youth. Nine of these fourteen years were spent in Ganyu, and the other years were spent between Ganyu, Anhui, and Nanjing.

He later wrote a poem recalling: "In the past, when he was thirteen years old, he lost his mother and lost his wife. Fourteen from the father eunuch, a thousand miles on the sea. The weak crown father lives forever, and the affliction begins from this. ”

The creation of "The History of Ru Lin" began with the author's life experience in Ganyu, and Wu Jingzi had a lifelong complex for Ganyu. Wu Jingzi's father (successor) Wu Linqi was admitted in 1686 and in 1714 he was appointed as a teacher in Ganyu County, that is, a scholar in charge of education.

Wu Lin's teaching position was roughly equivalent to that of the current deputy county magistrate of education, the original Xuegong palace in Ganyu, and many buildings were burned down by chongzhen in the fifteenth year (1642). In the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651), it was rebuilt on the old site through the funds raised by the county government, including Dacheng Hall, Ji Gate, Lingxing Gate, Qisheng Ancestral Hall, Minglun Hall, Wenchang Pavilion, Kuixing Tower, etc., which were once flourishing. In the seventh year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1668), it was severely damaged by an earthquake. Although it has been repaired many times, it has not been restored to its old appearance. Later, the whole county was hit by tsunamis, insects, waterlogging and other disasters, the officials had no money to repair, the school affairs stopped for many years, and no one in the county participated in the scientific examination for more than ten years.

Although Wu Linqi is a tribute, he is an upright Gengjie and does not seek Rongli. The teachings are in charge of education, and the immediate situation is that the xuegong collapses, the school buildings are destroyed, and many teachers and masters and masters have gone to other places to teach, even if Confucius is reborn as a teaching in Ganyu County, it is also a nonsense. Therefore, Wu Lin's self-drafted performance plan can only be to apply for funds to repair the palace and school building, and then gradually gather famous teachers to teach.

In the face of the dilapidated Xuegong, the teaching Wu Linqi faced the sea not far away, and his heart surged. The broken walls and tiles were worried in the distant wind of the sea, and the surrounding doors and windows could no longer cover the wind and rain. Because the palace could not be used for many years, most of the famous local teachers went to other places to make a living, leaving only the old, weak, sick and disabled who were still struggling to maintain, and it was difficult to attend classes normally. This is true of the county seat, and the countryside is even worse. The teachings in charge of a county can't hear the sound of reading, so what kind of teachings is that? But he was really worried, several county grand masters could not do anything, what should a new teaching edict that had been waiting for many years to be supplemented should be done?

Wu Jingzi, who had not taken money properly since childhood, looked at his worried father and said: My grandfather can no longer take charge, and the Wu family's silver money is no less than that of a small poor county. It is better for father Feng Lu to take some and then let his hometown send some silver two.

So Wu Linqi donated his annual money of 40 taels, and then sold his ancestral property and fertilizer fields, raising nearly 1,000 taels of silver to build the Ganyu Confucian Temple and the Zunjing Pavilion, which were destroyed in the earthquake in 1668. And a new "Jingyi Pavilion" was built. Wu Jingzi witnessed his father's contribution and was deeply proud of him.

In 1715 (the fifty-fourth year of the Kangxi Dynasty), when Wu Jingzi was fifteen years old, Wu Jingzi traveled through the mountains and rivers of Ganyu.

Ganyu is located on the seashore, north of Shandong, beautiful mountains and rivers, with a long history, there is a valley mountain in the west of the county, and there are sacred temples, sacred pavilions, Kuiwu Cave, Jiagu Academy, Confucius Xianglu Hui Qihou and other places of interest and historical sites on the mountain, as well as the Duanmu Bookcase of Zigong Mountain. Ten miles east of the county seat is the endless Yellow Sea, not far from the sea is the sea god Mountain Qinshan Island, and mirages often appear on the sea.

Every day, he pillowed under his pillow and did not idle, either climbing the city gate tower of Ganyu County to look at the sunrise and look at the sea, or to come to the home of Zhou Weilun, who was later admitted to the family of Zhou Weilun, to talk about the past and the present.

Zhou Weilun's family lives in Donggou Ai, Ganyu City, his ancestors are from Shandong, nearly fifty years old, the people in the village are called "Zhou Juren" Wu Jingzi here heard many bizarre stories about Shandong.

In the autumn of that year, Wu Jingzi climbed the city wall loft of Ganyu County, participated in the banquet of the county celebrities, and casually took a song of five laws to surprise everyone.

The poem reads:

"The sky is vast, and the tide is moving,

Pengming flows into the long domain, and the mirage is used as a platform.

Qilu jin mud is gone, and Qiankun jade is open.

The teenager is more spirited, and the high court sits on the cup. ”

Although this poem is ordinary, it can be seen that the young Wu Jingzi's heart is open.