The Xiang River, the mother river of Quanjiao, originates in the yin of Shiusu Mountain in the northwest of the county seat, and flows into the Chu River from Shiliangtan through Xianghe Town. As the saying goes, "one side of the water and soil to support the other side", the ancient Xianghe River has nurtured generations of quanjiao children, and has also walked out of many famous sages such as Shan Shan, Qi Xian, Wu Jingzi, Xue Shiyu, Jin Zhaoyan and so on.
The Xianghe ancient architectural complex, represented by Guoguang Tower, Jiyu Bridge, Baolin Bridge, Yongjin Bridge, Tuoban Bridge and Wu Jingzi's former residence, is the fourth largest ancient architectural complex in eastern Anhui after Langya Mountain, Mingzhong Emperor's Ancient City and Chucheng Chengcheng River. This group of cultural relics is like a living fossil, witnessing the vicissitudes of time and continuing the context of Jiaoling...
Surrounded by the Xiang River
Guoguang Building
Guoguang Building, located on the north bank of the Xiang River in Quanjiao County, is now the southeast side of Quanjiao Sanzhong, with Yongjin Bridge in the east, Jiyu Bridge in the west, Panchi pond in the middle, and the newly built riverside park in front of it, surrounded by the Xianghe River, planted along the river, and covered with waves. Guoguang Lou is one of the well-preserved Ming Dynasty buildings in quanjiao ancient city.
The building was originally named Zunjing Pavilion, which was built in the sixth year of Ming Longqing (1572) for the county commander Yan Rulin. In the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), the "Chronicle of Quanjiao County" recorded: "Yan Rulin, a native of Gui'an, Zhejiang, Jinshi, Longqing for six years, got off the car to ask about the people's illness, and the second implementation..." "Pay special attention to the school, build the Zun Jingge in Xuedong ... GongYu, school students with art, the day has a plan, the month has a journey, the humanities are polite, the cultural movement is greatly enlightened..."
Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, Guoguang Building has always been a place for scholars to read and lecture and for literati to chant. It was rebuilt many times in the sixteenth year of the Ming Dynasty (1588), the tenth year of Qing Shunzhi (1653), and the fourth year of Kangxi (1665). During the fourth reconstruction during the Qing Jiaqing period (1796-1820), it was renamed "Kuiguang Lou", and the ticket door was embedded with the three-character stone banner of "Kuiguang Lou", which still exists today. The Xinhai Revolution was originally named "Guoguang Lou".
Guoguang Building is divided into two parts: the base and the building. The base is a brick and stone structure, there are two east-west gates in the seat, the base is about 10 meters high, the north-south length is about 50 meters, and the east-west width is about 40 meters; the building is a two-story wooden structure, about 16 meters high, the doors and windows are hollowed out, and the building has heavy eaves and angles, tall and majestic, very spectacular. Louyin is located in the place of "facing the mountains and the river, the most victorious", and the Rulinshi people "look at the heart of the person, and the ascender swims".
The Ming Dynasty Yiren Jin Yingran's "Zun Jing Ge" poem Yun: "Layers of flying pavilion pillows flow, and they come to this magnificent tour in their spare time." The flowers on the shore are appreciated by guests, and the birds in the forest break the spring sorrow. The wind moves the tree shadow and fluctuates continuously, and the sun brings lan light to the evening harvest. Whoever leans on the fence together to see the sword qi, meditates for thousands of miles."
The Ming Dynasty Yi people Peng Mengshe, Yang Yuting, and the Qing Dynasty literati Wu Nai all have poems praising the scale of the building. Wu Jingzi, a famous literary artist of the Qing Dynasty, often climbed the building to overlook the fence when he was a teenager, and met with friends here, drank and wrote poetry, and read books and papers. He repeatedly wrote about the customs and anecdotes of the literati here in the "History of Rulin", and also described the magnificent scale of this building in detail. The original Kuixing Building on the side of the building was destroyed early.
In 1981, the people's government of Quanjiao County allocated funds to rebuild the Guoguang Building, and in the same year, it was announced as a county-level cultural relics protection unit. In May 1998, Guoguang Building was announced by the People's Government of Anhui Province as the fourth batch of provincial-level cultural relics protection units, and was once used by the library of Quanjiao Middle School.
In the same year, the "Xianyuan" stone carving remnant stele was unearthed under the Guoguang Building, the word "Xianyuan", in block letters, each word was about 50 centimeters square, which was written by Zhu Xi, a famous theorist of the Song Dynasty. It is completely consistent with the record of the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920) "Quanjiao County Chronicle": "Xianyuan Erdazi, Zhengshu, No Year, Zhu Xishu, downstairs in Guoguang".
Jiyu Bridge
Jiyu Bridge spans the XiangHe River, formerly known as "Shishi Bridge", commonly known as "Dashi Bridge". The bridge is 41 meters long, 4.2 meters wide and 9.6 meters high, with four stacks and three holes, and the bridge deck is made of stone strips and brick railings. The hole in the middle of the bridge is engraved with three big characters of "Jiyu Bridge", which was written by Jiang Kerang, a Yiren.
Jiyu Bridge is the first bridge in ancient times. Legend has it that it was built in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty. In the thirteenth year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1674), the Chronicle of Quanjiao County records that in the first year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Jianwen Emperor Xian'an (371), Sima Huanwen attacked Yuan Jin, Yuan Shi begged for help from Former Qin, Former Qin sent generals Wang Jian and Zhang Jie to ride 30,000 to help, huan Wen sent Huan Yi and others to meet Wang Jian, Zhang Yu at Jiyu Bridge, and greatly broke the Qin army.
"History of Song": "The Golden Man War Jiyu Bridge", that is, this place. In the second year of Song Jiayou (1057), the stone bridge was built, and it was restored many times in the Ming Dynasty. In the first year of the Qing Dynasty (1909), the bridge was destroyed.
In the sixth year of the Republic of China (1917), the Jiyu Bridge was rebuilt, and when cleaning the piers, it was found that the fragmented stone carvings in the stone of the bridge were found, and each stone was filled in under the foundation of the Jiyu Bridge. The ninth edition of the Republic of China's "Quanjiao County Chronicle inscription" says: "The remnants of the Jade Bridge were discovered in the sixth year of the Republic of China, and the bridge was broken in the first year of Xuantong, and it was rebuilt in the same year, and it was first obtained by Jiang Kerang, a yiren, and a total of eighty-six characters were expanded. Recently, Li Ruiqing, a Jinshi family, had been connoisseurized, and it was written by Xiao Liangren at the same time as Heming. Only twenty-six characters remain in the original stone, inside the Tibetan Palace, the rest of the yu Xi Qi entered the bridge site, filling in the difficult to expand, sorry. ”
The content of the remnants of Jiyuqiao is a thousand characters, one stone and one word, and Li Ruiqing wrote in the "Bao" text: "The situation text is a thousand texts, and at that time, Zhou Xingsi was first enshrined as a thousand texts, or it was popular among the people to remember the stone and count the ears. After the discovery of the stone carvings of the Jiyuqiao fragments, Jiang Kerang, a calligrapher who was full of peppers at that time, "saw that its structure was strange and ancient" and "it was undoubtedly an antiquity", so he asked his second son Jiang Zhaoyuan and his disciple Sheng Junju to search for eighty-six characters in the chaotic stone, and printed several copies of the rubbing, and entrusted Wang Wending, a scholar in this county who was setting up a museum in Shanghai at that time, to ask the famous Jin Shijia and calligrapher Li Ruiqing to identify, Li Ruiqing said: "His use of pens is thick and simple, and the profits and losses of words are all six dynasties law."
After Jiang Kerang's death, the eighty-six-character Tuoben and Jiang Kerang and Li Ruiqing Baowen have been preserved by his son Jiang Zhaoyuan, and Zhaoyuan's son Jiang Jiayin said that after his father's death, this piece was preserved by his stepmother. The "Cultural Relics of Quanjiao County" published in 1985 states: "Jiang Shi decorated the eighty-six characters into a book, which was photocopied by the Zhonghua Bookstore into a book "Fragments of JiyuQiao in Quanjiao County".
In 1992, mr. Liu Ergang, a calligrapher and painter, discovered and collected the "Fragments of the Jade Bridge of Chutuo Quanjiao" in Nanjing, which has 77 characters of the original Tuo, 18x18cm per word per piece, as well as The inscription of Jiang Kerang and the text of Huitong. On April 12, 2000, the Calligraphy Herald made a specific introduction. A few years ago, Lu Kaixian, a descendant of Jiang Zhaoyuan, presented Quanjiao County Literary Association with a set of albums entitled "Fragments of Quanjiao Jiyuqiao", which was published by Shanghai Youzheng Bookstore.
Pauline Bridge
Baolin Bridge, located at the beginning of Phoenix Street in Quanjiao County, crosses the Xianghe River, with a total length of 47 meters, a width of 5 meters, and a height of 9.4 meters. The bridge was built in the midwinter of the Yuan to Zhengxin mi (1341), see the carved stone record of the bridge circle. The Bridge of the Ming Dynasty was destroyed and rebuilt into a three-hole arched stone bridge.
In the fourth year of the Republic of China (1915), the bridge deck and railing were rebuilt. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, because the bridge deck is an arch made of stone, which is not conducive to traffic, and the west arch of the bridge is very low, which causes inconvenience to passing vehicles, both ends of the bridge deck were flattened in the mid-1980s. Today, the bridge is still an important Tsusui-an bridge leading to Kusa-an.
There were originally two temples next to the Baolin Bridge, one for Baolin Temple and one for Guanyin Temple. The Ming Founding Hero Le Zhaofeng crossed the Baolin Bridge and inscribed Guanyin Anshiyun: "Bamboo I long bridge across the water west, nuns structure bodhicitta." Knowing how light the Zen taste is, Mo asked Yangzhou for pears." The original city gate at the head of the bridge, named "Baolin Gate", was built in the second year of the Eastern Wu Chiwu (239) and later fell.
During the reign of Ming Chongzhen, the county ordered Fang Yongchang to defend Zhang Xianzhong's rebel army by building twelve passes and building Baolin Pass for the first time. At the old site of Baolin Gate, a wooden plaque was excavated, and the words "Baolin Gate, Standing in the Second Year of Chiwu" were written on it.
In the fifth year of the Republic of China, after the rebuilding of the Baolin Bridge, the Yi people rebuilt the Baolin Gate, and Jiang Ke asked the inscription "Baolin Gate" with three characters. Today, the Baolin Gate has been demolished along with the old city wall.
In 2012, Baolin Bridge was announced by the People's Government of Anhui Province as a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit.
Former residence of Wu Jingzi
Wu Jingzi's former residence, located in the original Hewan Old Street in Xianghe Town, was built by Wu Jingzi's great-grandfather Wu Guohao. Because Wu Guo was the third TanhuaLang of the First Rank of the Qing Shunzhi Pengshu Year, the former residence was also called "Tanhuadi". In Wu Jingzi's "Moving Family Gifts", "Feast baby Shuangyuan, placed by the first king", refers to tanhuadi.
After Wu Guo's examination to explore the flowers, outside the Yong'an Gate in the north of The City of Budi City and the west of the Tuoban Bridge, the Tanhuadidi was built. At that time, the scope was quite broad, sitting north and facing south, there were ten main houses, in front of the gate was Hewan Street, slightly in front of the Xianghe River, and across the river were wu guo's "yuan garden" for the eldest brother Wu Guoding and the "far garden" for the fifth brother Wu Guolong.
Left and right are city houses, there is a garden behind the main house called "Legacy Garden", the state gate stream flows through the north of the garden, the stream is like a belt, and the pavilions and pavilions are pavilions. The "Book of the Jade Bureau" and the "Wenmu Mountain Room" (Wu Jingzi's Study) were also placed in the garden. Behind the park is the Walking Horse Gang. The whole building is magnificent, quiet and elegant.
Wu Jingzi's middle-aged family business was in decline, his family property was exhausted, his old house was sold out, and he lived in Nanjing. Tanhuadi was destroyed by fire during the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, and only the four huge drum-shaped flagpole foundation stones in front of the gate remain. In 1979, when the county cultural relics department surveyed and collected Wu Jingzi's works and Wu family relics, more than 20 pieces of Wu guo's handwritten stone carvings were excavated on the foundation of the residential wall of wu descendants at the ruins of Yuanjiawan Yuanyuan.
These stone carvings were moved by the descendants of the Wu clan from the "Relic Garden" of the Back Garden of Tanhuadi to the Garden of Qiu, and were recorded in the "Chronicle of Quanjiao County" in the ninth year of the Republic of China. The stone carvings in the garden are now national first-class precious cultural relics. In 2007, Wu Jingzi's former residence was announced by the People's Government of Quanjiao County as a county-level cultural relics protection unit.
In 2011, the county government allocated 20 million yuan to rebuild Wu Jingzi's former residence, covering an area of 7,190 square meters, recreating the prosperous life scene of the Wu family, and has now become the cultural business card and Wu xue research base of the county's foreign exchanges. On June 29, 2017, Wu Jingzi's former residence was announced by the Chuzhou Municipal People's Government as the fifth batch of municipal cultural relics protection units.
Wu Jingzi (1701-1754) character Minxuan, also spelled Wenmu, number grain people, after moving to Nanjing, called Qin Huai Yuke, quanjiao people. Famous novelist of the Qing Dynasty. Born in Shuxiang Mendi, his great-grandfather Wu Guo was a Qing Shunzhi Wushu Tanhua, five great-grandfather brothers, 40% of the jinshi, and many grandfathers and grandfathers. Wu Jingzi is a young and intelligent teenager, proficient in poetry and song, and eight strands of articles.
He lost his mother at the age of 13, and traveled with his father and eunuch Ganyu at the age of 14, often traveling between Jianghuai and Huai. At the age of 29, he failed to pass the first test and was a show talent for life. Because of his life of arrogance, he is not accustomed to governing his family, he is poor when he encounters poverty, his family business has fallen down in a few years, coupled with the people's crushing, he betrayed his ancestral business at the age of 33, moved to Nanjing, became the leader of the literary circle, and lived a life of "losing his mind to resign from the countryside and making friends with friends". In order to repair the Pantheon, he also betrayed the old house in Jiangbei to become a man, so he became more and more impoverished.
At the age of 36, Zhao Guolin, the inspector of Anhui Province, knew of his talent and recommended the Erudite Hongzi Examination, and Wu Jingzi resigned due to illness and did not go to the court to take the examination. Since then, he has given up the show talent.
With the increase of experience, he gradually recognized the poison of the imperial examination system and the ugly faces of some morally upright literati, and in connection with his family life and the tribulations he had suffered, he constantly introspected himself and observed the world.
Beginning at the age of 39, with his outstanding genius and rebellious spirit, he spent nearly a decade writing a satirical novel "The History of Rulin". The novel focuses on the criticism of the feudal imperial examination system, satirizes Cheng Zhu Lixue and feudal etiquette, and widely exposes social contradictions, and is known as a satirical masterpiece in the history of world literature.
In his later years, he lived even more impoverishedly, earning a living by selling literary clothes and making money from relatives and friends. Winter nights are invincible, go out on foot, called "warm feet", night and night, its fun is so. However, they do not depend on the rich, do not meet the powerful, and their moral character is valued.
Because of the frequent travel between Nanjing and Yangzhou, the novel was first written in Nanjing, and the final draft was finalized in Yangzhou. The History of Rulin has been translated into English, Russian, German, French, Japanese, Dutch, Italian, Vietnamese and other languages. In addition, his poems and lyrics are included in the "Wenmu Shanfang Collection". In the nineteenth year of Qianlong (1754), Wu Jingzike died in Yangzhou and was buried in Nanjing, at the age of fifty-four.
During Wu Jingzi's lifetime, the Outer History of Ru Lin was circulated only in manuscripts. The "Woxian Caotang Ben" of the eighth year of Qing Jiaqing (1803) is the earliest engraving of the "Outer History of Rulin" today. There are only three surviving editions in the world, which are in the Capital Library, fudan university library and the London Museum in the United Kingdom.
"Our first great literary hero in Anhui is not Fang Bao, not Liu Daxun, nor Yao Nai, but Wu Jingzi of Quanjiao County." This is the evaluation of Wu Jingzi by Hu Shi, a famous scholar on the mainland. As a native of Anhui, Hu Shi has a special fondness for Wu Jingzi and his "History of Rulinwai", and not only admires Wu Jingzi, but also has profound research and unique insights on Wu Jingzi and "Rulinwaishi".
He not only wrote the "Biography of Wu Jingzi", but also spent nearly two years collecting and sorting out materials, and in 1922 wrote the "Wu Jingzi Chronology", which had an important influence in the study of "Wu Xue".
In 1959, the hometown of Quanjiao County built the Wu Jingzi Memorial Hall on Pingding Mountain in the south of the city, with 7 memorial halls, more than 10 rooms in two rooms, surrounded by an ancient flower wall, with a lotus pond on the left, facing Nanping Mountain. Chen Yi, Guo Moruo, and Lao She wrote inscriptions for them, He Xiang condensed "Plum Bamboo Diagram", and Cheng Shifa created a statue for Wu Jingzi.
After a decade of unrest, the memorial was destroyed and later occupied by the Water Conservancy Bureau. In 1985, a new museum was re-established in Houshan Zoumagang, the site of Wu's former residence, covering an area of more than 4,000 square meters.
Wang Yuzhao, then governor of Anhui Province, and calligraphers Liu Haisu and Lin Sanzhi inscribed the name of the museum; Zhou Gucheng, Zang Kejia, Li Kuchan, Lai Shaoqi, Fei Xinmei, Guan Shanyue, Fan Zeng and other celebrities in the academic and literary circles wrote calligraphy and painting poetry associations. Among them, two pairs of yanglian were widely copied:
Ruguan does not guarantee thousands of gold properties;
Barnyard said that a long biography of a book.
——Xiao Xian
The public heart satirizes the world;
Spicy tailor Wen Xing ShiLin.
——Guan Shanyue
Source: Chuzhou Daily Xijian Weekly, author: Huang Yucai
Organizer: Chuzhou Municipal Bureau of Culture and Tourism