Yuan Shao of the Late Han Dynasty Qunxiong Series (Epilogue, Part VI)
Cooking wine on heroes, but also about the characters of the Three Kingdoms.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="4" > Yuan Shao's major event no. 28 - the elimination of Gongsun Zhan</h1>
In the previous issue, it was mentioned that Yuan Shao ruled the four prefectures of Hebei in the form of three sons and one nephew each occupying one state, which was actually to pave the way for Yuan Shang to be the heir, but at the same time buried the hidden danger of instability. This issue continues.
Speaking of Yuan Shao's domination of the four prefectures of Hebei, some friends may be thinking: No, isn't this Gongsun Zhan still in Youzhou? Not really. Gongsun Zhan's stronghold Yijing is actually not in Youzhou but in the north of Jizhou, and the construction of Yijing is introduced in the Gongsun Zhan chapter. In the third year of Jian'an (198), Yuan Shao took the initiative to write to Gongsun Zhan hoping to make peace, but Gongsun Zhan chose to continue the confrontation. Since the two sides were not far apart, Yuan Shao soon after crossing the boundary bridge approached Yijing City, and Gongsun Zhan was reluctant to spend a lot of effort to manage the fortress and refused to retreat into Youzhou. Because Yi Jing was hoarding a large amount of grain and grass, Gongsun Zhan did not want to take the risk of supporting the surrounding subordinates, so he waited for Yuan Shao to run out of grain and grass and retreat on his own. So Yuan Shao gradually eradicated the surrounding strongholds and surrounded Yijing.
In March of the fourth year of Jian'an (199), Zhang Yan of the Montenegrin Army came to save Gongsun Zhan. However, the emissaries sent by Gongsun Zhan to the city were intercepted by Yuan Shao, who ambushed Gongsun Zhan who was out of the city. Immediately after Yuan Shao sent people to dig tunnels to attack the city, Gongsun Zhan watched as the watchtowers in the city were dug down from the ground by Yuan Shao's army, and committed suicide in despair.
The detailed history of the war between the two sides has been written in the Gongsun Zhan chapter, and it will not be repeated here. The point was that during the time when Yuan Shao surrounded Yijing, Youzhou basically responded to Yuan Shao except for Gongsun Du, who was far away in Liaodong. The reason is simple, Gongsun Zhan's killing of Liu Yu provoked strong resistance, including Liu Yu's son Liu He, the old department XianYufu, and the Wuhuan lieutenant Yan Rou, who had a long-term confrontation with Gongsun Zhan, and as early as the second year of Xingping (195), he fought a major battle with Gongsun Zhan of tens of thousands of people, and beheaded Yuyang Taishou Zou Dan.
Obviously, a large area of Youzhou is actually not under the control of Gongsun Zhan at all, and Gongsun Zhan's behavior of stubbornly guarding Yijing, in addition to his aggressiveness declining and planning to sit in the world, in fact, the fundamental reason for this psychology at a deep level is that he cannot go back to Youzhou, not only is it unpopular, but everyone is cursed, and when the army is strong, it can be strongly suppressed, and now that there are Yuan Shao's strong enemies, it is naturally impossible to suppress it any longer.
Gongsun Zhan stopped here, and we continued to talk about Yuan Shao.
Obviously, for the acceptance of Youzhou, the focus is not on this unpopular, or even not in Youzhou at all. The focus is on Liu Yu. Liu Yutang's han clan relatives, grand sima and Youzhou Mu once made Youzhou gain a short period of peace and development in the chaotic era at the end of the Han Dynasty, which was not only deeply supported by local scholars and people, but also the nomadic people in the north also had great respect for Liu Yu. In addition, Yuan Shao and Han Fu also suggested that Liu Yu claim the title of emperor to replace the Chang'an imperial court controlled by Dong Zhuo, but Liu Yu strictly refused. Such a great talent who is good at governing the country, has both noble origins and internal and external prestige, and can remain loyal in the chaotic world, who can win the hearts and minds of the people more than him?
Gongsun Zhan
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="53" > The twenty-ninth major event of Yuan Shao - the unification of Hebei</h1>
Gongsun Zhan killed Liu Yu, which was tantamount to committing suicide. This was a godsend for Yuan Shao, who could easily gain the support of the People of Youzhou as long as He wooed the hearts of the people in the name of avenging Liu Yu.
Specifically, Yuan Shao mainly took three measures. First, hold high the banner of Liu He. Originally, liu he was serving in Chang'an, and Emperor Xian of Han sent him back to Youzhou to move his troops, but he was first detained by Yuan Shu to ask for cavalry, and then detained by Yuan Shao in Jizhou. At this time, Liu Yu was still there, and it was possible that Yuan Shao was also planning to use hostages to threaten Liu Yu, but before he could open the conditions, Gongsun Zhan took the initiative first, so Yuan Shao took the opportunity to hold high the banner of supporting Liu He, assigned soldiers and horses to Liu He, actively contacted the anti-Gongsun forces in Youzhou, and formed a coalition army to fight Gongsun Zhan. Although this is not completely consistent with the relationship between Liu Bei and Liu Qi later, it can also be said to be somewhat similar. As Yuan Shao occupied Youzhou, Liu He, who had lost his use value, did not know the end.
Second, win yan rou together.
The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and the Biography of Karasuma contains: Guangyang Yan Rou, Shao Wu Karasuma, Xianbei Zhong, who was believed in his species. Rou Nai, because of his humbleness, killed Karasuma Colonel Xing Ju instead, and Shao Yin pampered him to the north.
Yan Rou was not a simple person, he was captured by nomads when he was young, but instead of being killed, he gained trust and lived with the Xianbei tribe. Later, the Xianbei forces gradually became stronger, invading the borders of the Han Dynasty, and I don't know whether it was the Xianbei people or Yan Rou's idea, but they actually killed the Han Dynasty's Wuhuan Lieutenant and replaced Yan Rou. Anyway, in the chaotic world, whoever has the biggest fist has the final say, the Eastern Han Dynasty court has long been beyond the reach of the whip.
Therefore, Yan Rou, the Lieutenant of Wuhuan, was a humble man, although there was no concept of "Han traitor" at that time, and the road back was not right. However, if Yan Rou were only that, I wouldn't talk about him. This man is very faithful, he is not partial to Xianbei, but strives to balance the relationship between Xianbei, Wuhuan and Han people, and is very prestigious in all parties. Therefore, when Liu Yu died, the old subordinates gathered under Yan Rou's banner and elected Yan Rou as Sima Wuhuan and took the lead in fighting against Gongsun Zan. Therefore, Yan Rou gathered tens of thousands of soldiers and horses from all sides of Hanhu and fought against Gongsun Zhan in Youzhou for a long time.
Yuan Shao held Liu He in his hand, and he was also the third duke of the Tang Dynasty, and as long as such legitimacy did not make a big mistake, it was easy to win favor in the innate impression, so under The strong co-optation of Yuan Shao, Yan Rou was also attached to Yuan Shao.
Third, and pro-Tumdon. Jian Dun was the leader of the Wuhuan tribe of Youbeiping, Yuyang, and Shanggu, who was brave and good at war, and the tribal elders compared it with the famous Xiongnu Mou Dun Shan Yu in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty.
The Later Han Shu Wuhuan Xianbei Lie Biography records: At the beginning of Jian'an, Yuan Shao, the pastor of Jizhou, and the former general Gongsun Zhan were indecisive, and Jian Dun sent the envoy Yi Shao to seek peace, so he sent troops to help attack Zhan and break it.
Gongsun Zhan has always been at odds with the nomads since he was in the army, and his attitude is extremely tough, and his white horse yigong is the prestige he established when he fought against Wuhuan. Gongsun Zhan's main opponent was Wu Huan's uncle Qiu Liju of the previous generation, Shan Yu and Jian Dun. Later, Liu Yu went to Youzhou to actively open up trade with Wuhuan and Xianbei, and the relationship between Han and Hu greatly improved, which made Gongsun Zhan unacceptable, and the contradiction between the two gradually deepened. Therefore, yu public and private, Wu Huandan and Yu Dun all have good reasons to be enemies of Gongsun Zhan.
Here we see an interesting phenomenon, not that Yuan Shao took the initiative to woo Yuan Shao, but that Jian Dun took the initiative to send envoys to ask for peace and kisses, and what He Dun asked for was not a princess of the Han Dynasty, but only a peace with Yuan Shao, the pastor of Jizhou. Of course, due to the practical considerations at that time, the princesses of the Han Dynasty royal family did not have any significance, and Yuan Shao was the actual ruler of the north, so there was nothing wrong with it.
On the other hand, as a nomadic Wu Huan and Yuan Shao, who has been threatened by Gongsun Zhan for many years, who on both sides wants to win each other over more urgently? Obviously Yuan Shao. And even if Jian Dun wanted to win Yuan Shao over, according to the geographical location, Gongsun Zhan was located in the middle of the three sides, naturally a common enemy, and there was no need to work hard to win yuan over. However, Jian Dun chose to ask for peace, no doubt hoping that the two sides would maintain a long-term alliance, not just to deal with Gongsun Zhan. There are many reasonable explanations for why Gandun did this, mainly to stabilize his own power, and to strive for a favorable external environment for Wuhuan, etc.
Yuan Shao faced the olive branch handed by Jian Dun and gladly accepted it. As for whether the woman who married her was her own daughter or a relative of the Yuan family, the historical records do not record it. Judging from the subsequent history, this time and pro-pro have a very large impact. Wu Huan maintained a long-term alliance with the Yuan family, and even after Yuan Shao's defeat at Guandu, he continued to help Yuan Shang try to retake Hebei, adding many difficulties to Cao Cao's pacification of the north, prompting Cao Cao to venture out on an expedition against Wuhuan until he broke through Liucheng (in present-day Chaoyang, Liaoning).
According to the situation at that time, Cao Cao's expedition to Wuhuan took great risks. The reason why Cao Cao insisted on doing this was not how powerful Wuhuan was, because the northern nomads invaded the border cities when they were strong, and retreated to the grasslands when they declined, which could not be fundamentally solved. Moreover, the chaotic situation in the Central Plains is still frequent, and Wuhuan should not have been regarded as the primary enemy. In fact, Cao Cao's target was Yuan Shang, and Yuan Shang and his supporters must be completely defeated before the four northern states could truly fall into Cao Cao's pockets.
Yuan Shao, through his wuhuan allies, made Cao Cao consume huge manpower, material and financial resources, and the most important thing was precious time. It is no coincidence that Wu Huan can follow with a dead heart, which also shows that Yuan Shao has repeatedly won people's hearts along the way.
Yan Rou
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="56" > the 30th major event of Yuan Shao - the change of ownership in Hanoi</h1>
In the fourth year of Jian'an (199), a series of major events occurred, which together led Yuan Shao and Cao Cao to a decisive battle. First of all, the above-mentioned Gongsun Zhan perished, and Yuan Shao unified Hebei in March.
Time goes back a little, just as Yuan Shao was besieging Gongsun Zhan, in February of that year, Hanoi Taishou and Grand Sima Zhang Yang were killed by the general Yang Ugly. Yang Ugly, who intended to defect to Cao Cao, was immediately killed by another zhang Yang general, Xiao Gu, who led the army and prepared to defect to Yuan Shao. Hanoi County is located at the bend of the Yellow River "several" glyphs, guarding the junction of Guanzhong, Hezhou and Kanto, and is strategically important, and Zhang Yang has long served as a buffer zone between Guanzhong and various forces in Guandong. However, as Guanzhong's power gradually weakened, especially when Emperor Xian of Han moved to Xuchang, the main direction of military confrontation shifted from east-west to north-south, that is, bounded by the Yellow River. Cao Cao and Yuan Shao were separated from the north and south, and the core of the two sides was separated by a river.
When civil unrest broke out in Zhang Yang's clique, And Xuan Gu wanted to defect to Yuan Shao, Cao Cao took the first shot. In April, before Yuan Shao could turn back from the war with Gongsun Zhan, Cao Cao sent Shi Zhuo and Cao Ren across the Yellow River to attack the shooting dogs stationed in Xiaogu. Xiao Gu broke out to the north to ask Yuan Shao for help, and halfway through he encountered Shi Zhuo and Cao Ren, and the two sides fought with Cao Jun's great victory, Xiao Gu was beheaded, and the rest of Zhang Yang's old troops surrendered.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Chronicle of Emperor Wu" contains: Warring, Great Destruction, and Consolidation. Gong Sui Ji River, surrounding the shooting dog. Hong and Shang led the people to surrender, made them marquises, and returned the army to Ao Cang. With the Wei species as the Taishou of Hanoi, it belongs to hebei affairs.
This passage says that after Cao Cao destroyed Xiao Gu and surrendered Zhang Yang's old army, he withdrew his army to Ao Cang, south of the Yellow River, and it was obvious that Cao Cao did not want to provoke Yuan Shao too much, so he quickly withdrew his army. However, Cao Cao appointed Hanoi Taishou, a Wei seed that was originally Cao Cao's old department, and when Lü Bu attacked Yanzhou, Cao Cao thought that he would not surrender, and as a result, Wei Seed really fell and went to Zhang Yang's Hanoi. Cao Cao did not care about the previous suspicions to let Wei Zhong be too defensive in Hanoi, and there should also be the meaning of transmitting a signal: this person has done it to me, and he has cast Lü Bu, and such a person is placed in Hanoi, not a close confidant of Cao Cao. Cao Cao wanted to show Yuan Shao a more "soft" attitude, neither sending troops to garrison nor appointing cronies to govern.
But Yuan Shao is not stupid, Zhang Yang was originally Cao Cao's hostile force, and now such a key location north of the Yellow River has become Cao Cao's territory, no matter how soft the attitude is, what is the use, that benefit is also occupied by you. Will the side of the bed allow others to sleep peacefully? Yuan Shao saw this very clearly, so he was anxious to fight with Cao Cao.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="58" > the thirty-first of Yuan Shao's major events- the heart of disobedience</h1>
In terms of absolute strength, Yuan Shao was obviously stronger than Cao Cao, and Yuan Shao occupied the land of the four states, not to mention the strength of the soldiers, and the talents of all walks of life were also attached. At this point, Yuan Shao also had the heart of self-reliance in the Heart of the Han Dynasty. Also yes, that WuHuan Shan Yudu came to talk to Yuan Shao instead of the emperor and relatives, which does not explain the problem? Even Yuan Shu dared to claim the title of emperor, why couldn't I Yuan Shao? Therefore, Yuan Shao's heart gradually swelled, and his tribute to the emperor gradually became less.
Those who are good at observing words and observing colors naturally understand what the lord is thinking, and feel that this kind of thing is not easy to say as the lord, and there must be subordinates to come forward, so the master Geng Bao wants to take advantage of the merits of the establishment, and privately suggests to Yuan Shao that the Han dynasty should stand on its own. What fire virtue has been exhausted, Tude should stand, the Yuan family is representing Tude, and Shuntian will respond to the people's hearts and so on.
Of course, this kind of thing cannot be bent on going its own way, and we must first test the opinions of the people, so Yuan Shao took Geng Bao's opinion to the Chinese wu subordinates of the government, and the result was that the crowd was excited, and they all said that Geng Bao's evil words deceived the lord, and his intentions were sinister, and he should be executed. Yuan Shao put Geng Bao to death.
The "Book of the Later Han Dynasty and the Biography of Yuan Shaolie" says: Shao showed the subordinates of the military government with Bao Baishi, and the deliberators used Bao Demon to be vain. Shao knew that the feelings of the people were not the same, and had no choice but to kill Bao Bao to kill his traces.
In fact, if Yuan Shao had no idea in his heart, he would directly reject Geng Bao and would be finished, and he would not consult everyone's opinions at all. This kind of behavior shows that Yuan Shao has the heart to claim the title of emperor, and killing Geng Bao is only a means to shirk responsibility and save his face. In contrast, Yuan Shu insisted on calling himself emperor despite the opposition of his followers, and the difference between a hypocrite and a real villain is just that.
In the fourth year of Jian'an (199), the Zhongjia Emperor Yuan Shu could not resist, and the people in Huainan rebelled and were chased and beaten by Cao Cao, and Yuan Shu, who was cornered, decided to defect to his brother Yuan Shao.
The Later Han Shu Yuan Shu Lie Biography contains: Worried about what to do, he returned to Emperor Yu Shao, saying: "... Yuan shi was appointed king, fu rui bingran. Now the king has four states, with millions of households, and if it is strong, it is better to compete with the big, and to be in the position, it is incomparable. ... I am sure to return to the Great Destiny, and the King's Happiness will be fulfilled. Shao was scheming.
We all know that Yuan Shu was ultimately unable to escape to Yuan Shao's territory, and was intercepted by Liu Bei halfway to die of thirst, focusing on the above "Shao Yin's plan". Yuan Shu did not simply flee, he also wanted to give up the throne to Yuan Shao, and Yuan Shao actually agreed. Perhaps Yuan Shao believed that as long as he did not claim the throne first, but others gave way, then it was not a usurper, and he accepted his brother's abdication, which had legitimacy. Yuan Shu also has a national seal, and the legitimacy seems to have increased by one point.
This is thanks to Yuan Shu did not escape, otherwise he really handed over the jade seal to Yuan Shao, Yuan Shao's mind was hot and he really claimed the emperor, maybe the Battle of Guandu did not have to be fought, and Yuan Shao would have to decline on his own. At that time, Cao Cao organized an alliance to woo Yuan, and troops would be raised in various parts of Hebei. The Han Dynasty is China's first long-term stable existence of the great unified dynasty, the state concept formed in the past four hundred years deep into the bone marrow, Han people, Chinese, Chinese characters, Han ... Therefore, Cao Cao did not dare to claim the title of emperor until his death, so in the last years of the Western Jin Dynasty, there were still people who rebelled with Han as orthodox, indicating the strength of this social consensus.
Yuan Shao would be very sorry that he could not get the jade seal, and Sai Weng would have lost his horse and knew that it was not a blessing, otherwise history would have evaluated him far more negatively.
From Yuan Shao's personal point of view, this is completely Cao Cao's provocation to himself. In March, Yuan Shao destroyed Gongsun Zhan to unify Hebei, In April Cao Cao captured Hanoi, and in June he forced Yuan Shu to die, obviously Cao Cao was not afraid, and even dared to challenge Yuan Shao. Enjoying the beautiful atmosphere of the people's admiration, the support of the soldiers, the foreign tribes and relatives, the strong horses and strong soldiers, and even the passing of the national jade seal, it seems to be sitting in Hebei, the ambition of the world is in control, but it is always poured cold water by Cao Cao. Yuan Shao could not bear it and had to send troops to destroy Cao Cao.
This issue introduces the main deeds before and after Yuan Shao's pacification of Youzhou, as well as important events on the eve of the Battle of Guandu, the next issue will tell the Battle of Guandu, interested partners please like it, but also welcome to read the previous Three Kingdoms character articles. Your support is my biggest motivation for continuous updates, thank you!