On May 27, 1949, after 16 days of urban offensive battles, Shanghai returned to the embrace of the motherland, and the Kuomintang, which had occupied Shanghai as the last resistance, was defeated and retreated to Taiwan. Five months later, Chairman Mao solemnly announced to the world the founding of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China in Tiananmen Square, and China's history entered a new chapter.
However, some people, who have not experienced this moment in history, are still covered with the dust of history, and Huang Jingwu is one of them. He made great contributions to the liberation of Shanghai, but on the day that the Communist army attacked Shanghai, he was brutally attacked by Kuomintang agents.
Today, let's take a look at Huang Jingwu, a democrat who studied for the rise of China and was martyred on the eve of the founding of New China.
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In 1949, the liberation of Shanghai was imperative, and the liberation of all Of China was as unstoppable as the wheel of history and became an inevitable trend. In April of that year, before attacking Shanghai, the Communist Party invited people from various democratic parties across the country to Beiping to attend the Political Consultative Conference to discuss the preparations for the new CPPCC after the founding of New China. Huang Jingwu's father, Huang Yanpei, was also invited as a giant in the field of education at that time.
If the Communist Party wants to liberate Shanghai and even all of China, the Kuomintang will naturally not sit idly by. All the people of the democratic parties invited by the Communist Party in Shanghai were all drawn into the "blacklist" that they wanted to focus on cracking down on, and Huang Yanpei, who had a very high prestige in Shanghai, was listed at the top of the "blacklist." Chiang Kai-shek ordered Mao Renfeng: When necessary, we must be resolute and decisive against the "chief evil elements" of the Communist Party and kill one hundred people. Mao Renfeng, who received this order, sent agents to monitor Huang Jingwu's family day and night.
Because Huang Yanpei's reputation was high at that time, the Kuomintang did not dare to act rashly, and if they were not careful, the guidance of public opinion was very unfavorable to them. Therefore, they can only wait until the Huang family shows flaws before they can "become famous."
For Huang Yanpei, the invitation from Beiping is very important, this is a meeting that cannot be missed on the eve of the founding of New China, even if he dies, he will die on the way to the meeting, and he cannot sit still. Huang Jingwu knew that his father had to go this time, but he was hindered by the surveillance of Kuomintang agents and could not attend the meeting in an open and upright manner. He understood that his father's trip must be more sinister and less auspicious, so he had to think of a foolproof plan to make his father's trip smooth and not be stopped by the spies who surrounded his home.
So one night, Huang Jingwu discussed countermeasures with his father. As Huang Yanpei's second son, he looks most like his father among the brothers, as long as he dresses up slightly, outsiders can't tell at all.
It was Huang Jingwu who told his father that he and his wife could pretend to be their father and mother and go out to lure away the spies, and then the father and mother could take the opportunity to go out. Huang Yanpei was opposed to his son's words for the first time, he knew in his heart that such a method would allow him to successfully escape to attend the meeting in Beiping, but once the agent found out the truth, it would immediately be unfavorable to his son, and he did not want to put his son in danger because of himself.
Huang Jingwu listened to his father's reasons for opposition and said: I am your son, it is right to make some sacrifices for you, as long as you go to Beiping to participate in the meeting smoothly, the whole situation will be completely different, even if the secret agent really does something to me, I have my own way, you can go according to my method, don't worry too much about me.
Huang Jingwu's words persuaded his father that there was really no better way, so he agreed to this trick of "golden cicada out of the shell".
One day in March, Huang Jingwu's family began to hang lanterns, as if there was some happy event, it was not lively. The agents felt deceitful, so they went forward to inquire about the situation, and the people of the Huang family said that they were preparing for Huang Yanpei's birthday. After the agents heard that there was no doubt that there was him, they gave up and continued to monitor the villa as usual.
After a while, "Huang Yanpei" and his wife "Yao Weijun" walked out side by side and sat in the car that had been parked at the door, as if they were going to go out. Seeing this situation, the agents tensed up and followed Huang Yanpei's car not far away. The car stopped in front of the famous Department Store Yongan Company in Shanghai at that time. Seeing that the "old two" got out of the car and entered the department store, the agents stood guard at the gate of Yong'an, afraid that they would take this opportunity to run.
After a long time, when the agents had begun to feel that something was wrong and wanted to rush in to find someone, the "Huang Yanpei couple" just came out. They bought some things, put them in the car, and then took the car back to the Huang family. The spies continued to follow step by step until they saw the two of them enter the villa door.
To the surprise, the agents could not imagine that the real Huang Yanpei and his wife had already taken this opportunity to successfully leave their homes and travel to Hong Kong to Beiping.
A month later, the Political Consultative Conference was successfully held in Peiping, and the meeting received widespread attention from people inside and outside the party, and various progressive media rushed to report on it, which aroused strong repercussions throughout the country, which indicated that the liberation of the whole country and the founding of New China were even closer. It was only at this time that the Kuomintang found that Huang Yanpei, who had been painstakingly monitoring for more than a month, slipped away from under his own eyes and appeared at the CPPCC meeting.
This "golden cicada shedding its shell" scheme can be described as playing a trick on the Kuomintang agents. In addition, Huang Yanpei was born on October 1, and March was not his birthday, and the Kuomintang agents were completely unaware of this and were completely led by the nose.
From trying to help his father out of trouble to finally being arrested, Huang Jingwu fought hard against Kuomintang agents in Shanghai.
At that time, the Kuomintang saw that the general trend had gone, and was ready to withdraw to Taiwan, the first thing to bear the brunt of it was to carry the gold and silver wealth. They have transferred 1 million taels of gold to Taiwan through banks they control, and the 6 million-strong city of Shanghai has not much wealth left. Just as the Kuomintang was preparing to transfer the remaining 200,000 taels of gold, Huang Jingwu keenly detected their movements and intentions.
He mobilized friends in newspapers and financial circles, and told them about the motives and intentions of the "Chiang Dynasty".
When the news spread, people from all walks of life were indignant and organized social demonstrations to oppose the Kuomintang's transfer of the remaining gold. Forced by opposition from all walks of life and fierce resistance from the masses, the last gold was protected by Huang Jingwu, which saved 6 million Shanghai citizens from hunger at the time of liberation.
Huang Jingwu's move touched the interests of the Kuomintang, and the comrades of the Democratic Construction Association, fearing that something would happen to him, bitterly advised Huang Jingwu that he should temporarily leave Shanghai to avoid the limelight in order to seek future events. Huang Jingwu told them in awe: "The current work is very important, and I must not bring my work to a standstill because of my personal safety. The more dangerous the moment, the more critical the moment, the more you must stick to your post. ”
Then he was still active in various parts of Shanghai, active in his own work, and active on the road of striving for the liberation of Shanghai and the whole country.
It was precisely because of this that one day in May of that year, Huang Jingwu returned to his office after finishing his work outside as usual, and as soon as he opened the door, a group of Kuomintang agents were already waiting in his office. At this point, Huang Jingwu was arrested and imprisoned in the cell of the Kuomintang Shanghai Secrecy Bureau.
This news soon reached the Central Committee, and Chairman Mao immediately issued an order to rescue Huang Jingwu, and no matter how much money he spent, he wanted to rescue Huang Jingwu.
Why is it mentioned that it costs a lot of money?
It turned out that Mao Sen, the head of the Kuomintang where Huang Jingwu was imprisoned, was notoriously greedy for money in Shanghai, and the Communists decided to do what they liked. Mao Sen saw that the money was open, and he had already tortured Huang Jingwu when he was imprisoned, and he also relieved the hatred in his heart, so he wanted to take the money and make a personal love.
Just as Huang Jingwu was about to be released, the attitude of the Upper Echelons of the Kuomintang toward Huang Jingwu changed, and since there was no information under the severe punishment, there was no need to keep Huang Jingwu. It was decided to directly execute the imprisoned Huang Jingwu and his cohorts.
On May 17, 1949, Kuomintang agents dragged Huang Jingwu out of his cell to death, who had been tortured beyond recognition. At the same time, the Communists were attacking Shanghai, and Huang Jingwu, who had opened the way for the liberation of Shanghai by plotting against the Nationalist Shanghai defenders, never saw the liberation of Shanghai again.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="101" >2, promote institutional reform with what you have learned in your lifetime</h1>
As a member of the democratic party, Huang Jingwu made great contributions to the liberation of Shanghai and even the whole of China, but in his short life, he contributed far more to the founding of New China than this.
At the age of 13, Huang Jingwu was admitted to Tsinghua University, and then went to Harvard University in the United States at public expense and obtained a master's degree in economics. As soon as he graduated from Harvard, he resolutely chose to use the knowledge he learned to return to the country to serve the motherland.
After returning to China, Huang Jingwu often followed his teacher to learn accounting knowledge, and participated in a small part of the salt accounting reform at that time, which achieved initial results. At that time, the working environment was not optimistic, and corruption was rife in the official arena, especially in the industry of accounting, which involved money. In his spare time, Huang Jingwu often had to face temptations from all sides, and those corrupt officials tried to bribe Huang Jingwu with money and money to "his own people" in order to facilitate future profits.
Huang Jingwu was unmoved by these temptations, and he knew in his heart that he was well aware of the great responsibility of serving the country and the people, and he only wanted to do some reforms within his ability in the accounting industry to meet the new China. To this end, Huang Jingwu offended some local evil forces and lost his job in Bengbu.
However, he still did not stop, and since he did not succumb to the obscenity of corrupt elements, he should continue to follow the path he aspired to make more and greater contributions to the country and the people. He worked at the Central Bank of Chongqing and the Central Bank of Shanghai, using what he had learned throughout his life to reform the tax and accounting industries.
Huang Jingwu also joined the China Democratic League and the Democratic Construction Association successively, because he knew that the reform of a certain industry was weak enough to promote China's liberation, and he wanted to use what he had worked hard in the industry to do more things for the liberation of Shanghai and China from more aspects.
Ever since the "Chiang Family Dynasty" retreated to Shanghai, they have seen their own end of the road, and they know that it is only a matter of time before the Communist Party attacks Shanghai and liberates the whole country. Therefore, those democratic party figures who were previously preferentially treated by them also began to become less reliable and credible in their eyes, and they began to regard democratic party members as a thorn in their side, as "accomplices" of the Communist Party, and fiercely suppressed them as soon as they seized the opportunity.
It was during this period that Huang Jingwu took advantage of his work at the Central Bank of Shanghai to provide many conveniences for the underground Communist Party workers in Shanghai. He used the office where he used to work as a contact point for underground party members, strictly kept the list of personnel information of underground party members, collected intelligence information on the "four lines and two bureaus" of the Kuomintang, and participated in the vacillation of the Kuomintang members... These were Huang Jingwu's secret work at that time. Because he clearly saw the hypocrisy of the Kuomintang and saw that the dawn of hope for new China would surely be illuminated by the Communist Party of China.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="110" >3, with excellent family style, martyrdom of the new Chinese way</h1>
Looking back at Huang Jingwu's excellent personal character, it is not difficult to find that since he was a child, he has been influenced by the huang family's excellent family style and has been walking on the road of serving the country and the people. His revolutionary feelings and ambition to serve the country are inseparable from his continuous hard work and struggle, and even more inseparable from the infection and excellent family style that he received from his father Huang Yanpei since he was a child.
Huang Yanpei was determined to change China with education all his life, believing that education can create a strong China, so he resolutely went to the Political Consultative Conference and cultivated such outstanding children. Huang Yanpei, who led by example, established a majestic father image for his children from an early age, serving the country and saving the country, and he also personally made a vow for himself to "not be an official", and only wanted to promote the development of new China through educational reform.
Later, Zhou Enlai personally approached Huang Yanpei and made him vice premier of the State Council at that time. At first, Huang Yanpei refused, and his oath was kept in mind and could not be easily broken. But Premier Zhou told him that to serve as an official is for an official, but not for an official, that is, to use his ability and knowledge to help the people and the country, just like making contributions to the people in the education industry, they are all servants of the people and pioneers of the new era.
Premier Zhou dispelled the mustard in Huang Yanpei's heart with one word, so he promised the premier to serve as vice premier of the New China Council and minister of light industry, vice chairman of the National People's Congress, and vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
Under the influence of his father, Huang Jingwu went from going to Tsinghua to studying at Harvard to returning to China, all of which were moving forward along his father's path and preparing for the liberation of China. He used his academic qualifications, work, and personal influence in society to help the Communist Party lurk in Shanghai to provide great help, prevent the Kuomintang from transferring property to Taiwan, and buy precious time for the liberation of Shanghai.
Huang Jingwu's son Huang Mengfu has also followed the path of his fathers and become a part of the journey of new China's construction. He was elected vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference for two consecutive terms, ranking at the vice-state level.
In the process of growing up, Huang Mengfu has always witnessed his father's heroic deeds for the country and the people, and he also feels regret and sadness for his father's departure.
Just as Huang Mengfu later recalled his father, he emotionally expressed: I am proud of the brave fighters of the CdB; I am proud of having such a father.
The establishment of New China also has a credit to Huang Jingwu, and history will always remember him!