In 1958, after rejecting the unreasonable demands of the Soviet Union, Mao Zedong went to the Wuhu Shipyard in Anhui Province to investigate. On September 20, Mao inspected the torpedo boats under construction.
Mao Zedong noticed that there were four equipped speedboats on the side of the torpedo boat under construction, and asked, "What kind of boat is this?" ”
Wang Yuzhang, the naval representative stationed at the factory, replied: "Long-distance torpedo boat." ”
"Is it iron?"
"Wooden, mainly red pine, cypress and larch wood."
"Don't you use iron?"
"It's rarely used."
Mao Zedong looked at the dark painted tail of the speedboat and asked, "Isn't that iron either?" ”
"That's copper."
"How heavy is this boat?"
"Standard displacement 62 tons."
However, Mao Zedong still did not forget the steel ship, and asked again: "Can you make large steelmaking equipment?" Can I build a submarine? ”
"It can be made."
"That's good."
"Chairman, we would like to invite you to board a torpedo boat we have made." At this time, Wang Yuzhang boldly made a request.
Mao Zedong happily agreed, but modestly asked, "Can we sit?" ”
"Specially invited to sit!"
Mao Zedong was very happy to ask Wang Yuzhang if they could be ready in 10 minutes?
As a result, Wang Yuzhang and they only took 5 minutes torpedo boats to get ready. At 14:50, Mao Zedong boarded a torpedo boat and headed for the wide river...
The speedboat sped across the river at a speed of 20 knots, but Mao Zedong, who liked to rush forward in the rapids, felt that this speed was not very satisfied, and turned to the speedboat staff next to him and asked: "Can the speedboat be faster?" ”
"Yes!"
Soon the speed of the torpedo boat increased to 30 knots.
The sound of wind and water whistled in Mao's ears, but he was still not satisfied with this speed, so he continued to ask: "Can it be faster?" ”
The speed quickly increased to 35 knots, and the speedboat seemed to fly on the water. Despite the violent bumps in the hull, Mao Zedong looked very comfortable and said: "Very good, almost like sitting in a car, very stable!" ”
Wang Yuzhang replied: "The hull is wooden, and the wooden material has good toughness and has the effect of reducing shocks and shocks. ”
Hearing Wang Yuzhang's answer, Mao Zedong was very happy and learned from him about the structure, performance, and so on of the torpedo boat. Wang Yuzhang replied one by one.
After the torpedo boat came ashore, Mao Zedong got off the steering platform and walked to each combat position.
Next to the torpedo tube, ask how the torpedo was fired? After receiving the answer, Mao Zedong asked the torpedo squad leader: "Please tell me how torpedoes sail in the water?" ”
He asked, "How much explosives does a torpedo contain?" How to explode? ”
The torpedo squad leader answered Mao Zedong's questions in detail, and Mao Zedong was very satisfied with his answers, and then asked: "If the torpedo hits, can you blow a big hole in the enemy warship?" ”
"Yes, you can blow up a big hole." The warriors rushed to answer.
"Well, that's great!"
During this inspection, Mao Zedong was very happy and very satisfied with naval construction.
But this was not the first time Mao Zedong had inspected naval construction.
In 1956, Mao Zedong, accompanied by Chen Yi, inspected the first Type 03 submarine being built at the Jiangnan Shipyard in Shanghai.
When Mao Zedong and others entered the shipyard, they were warmly welcomed by everyone.
Mao Zedong circled the submarine, observing the submarine, listening to the technicians' reports, and asking questions from time to time.
When he heard the staff say that we were constantly learning to assemble submarines, and that we had to build our own, catch up and surpass other countries, he smiled happily...
The reason why it is said to be assembled is that although it is the first submarine built by New China, it was built with the help of the Soviet Union.
At the beginning of the founding of New China, Mao Zedong said, "We must build a strong navy." ”
In the summer of 1953, the Soviet Union gave the Navy an old C-class submarine, which was a dilapidated and unspeakable submarine that became the first submarine in New China. In April 1954, with the help of the Soviet Union, New China began to assemble a new generation of Type 03 submarines at jiangnan shipyards, which Mao Zedong inspected in 1956.
Through the imitation and localization of Soviet submarines, the shipbuilding industry of New China has been greatly improved, laying a solid foundation for the future development of new submarines...
In 1969, the construction of the first conventionally powered submarine designed by New China began, which was launched in July 1971 and officially delivered to the Navy in April 1974.
Conventionally powered submarines are on the agenda, but the design and manufacture process of nuclear submarines is not very smooth.
At that time, the nuclear industry of New China was just starting out, and it was unable to undertake independent nuclear submarine design and manufacturing work, and could only seek technical help from the Soviet Union.
The Party Central Committee sent a delegation headed by Su Zhenhua to the Soviet Union to negotiate a naval technical agreement.
Born in 1912 in Pingjiang County, Hunan Province, Su Zhenhua participated in the Pingjiang Peasants' Rebellion in 1928, joined the Communist Youth League of China in 1929, and transferred to the Communist Party of China in 1930. During the agrarian revolution, he successively served as platoon commander, political commissar, regiment secretary, and regimental political commissar, and participated in the anti-"encirclement and suppression" and long march in the Central Soviet Region. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he successively served as the political commissar of the 343rd Brigade of the 115th Division, the political commissar of Southwest Lu, and the political commissar of the 2nd Column of the Eighth Route Army. During the Liberation War, he served as the political commissar of the 1st Column of the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Field Army and the political commissar of the 5th Corps of the Second Field Army. After the founding of New China, he successively served as political commissar of the Guizhou Military Region, commander and political commissar of the Guizhou Military Region, deputy political commissar and director of the political department of the Navy, political commissar of the Navy, first deputy commander of the Navy, and first political commissar of the Navy. He was awarded the rank of General in 1955.
Beginning in November 1958, after more than three months of negotiations, the Soviet Union agreed to sell all kinds of submarines to China, but the Soviet side refused to provide assistance for the technology of nuclear submarines and guided missile destroyers.
After consultation, Su Zhenhua was well aware of the difficulty of building nuclear submarines, and the world's nuclear submarine technology was strictly protected as a top secret, especially the blockade of China.
Su Zhenhua knew from the negotiations with the Soviet Union that Chinese people could only rely on themselves and rely on themselves if they wanted to own nuclear submarines.
In 1956, the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy held its first party congress. Su Zhenhua made a work report at the meeting, summed up the experience of naval construction over the past 7 years, and held that the navy has formed a combat force at sea, and the basic issue in future naval construction is to strengthen the construction of all aspects on the basis of the future. The congress marked a historic turning point in naval construction.
In February 1957, Su Zhenhua served as the political commissar of the Navy, he studied the history and current situation of China's coastal defense, and advocated that the Chinese Navy should adhere to the principle of independence and self-reliance, learn from Xiao Hua's advanced technology abroad, design and manufacture its own new type of ships, and build a maritime combat force. With his efforts, a total of 5 scientific and technological research institutes have been established, including shipbuilding, underwater weapons, hydroacoustics, navigation, and engineering.
At the enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission in May 1958, Liu Daosheng, deputy commander of the Navy, advocated that after 10 to 15 years, the navy should gradually develop XX million tons of ships, so that when opposing foreign aggression, the enemy could be stopped by the power of the sea, the enemy could be eliminated near the coast and islands, and the navy could be used to guarantee and support the peaceful use of the sea by the country in peacetime, and it would go to the South Pole in the future.
Liu Daosheng was born in 1915 in Chaling, Hunan Province. In 1930, he joined the Communist Youth League and became a member of the Communist Party of China in September. After graduating from the Voroshilov Naval Academy in the USSR, he returned to China as deputy commander of the People's Navy and was awarded the rank of lieutenant general in 1955.
Liu Daosheng's proposal reflects the voice of the vast number of commanders and fighters, but some comrades hold different opinions, believing that this is "great naval doctrine."
Mao Zedong supported Liu Daosheng's proposal, saying: "I have always advocated the establishment of a strong navy, but it should develop with the development of the national economy. Liu Daosheng's speech may be a little anxious, but to protect his enthusiasm, the number he advocates is not large. For example, Chiang Kai-shek's navy was like a mosquito, and as soon as the wind blew, it blew away. We want to build a strong navy. ”
Mao Zedong also pointed out that in addition to continuing to strengthen the building of the army and the air force, we must vigorously develop the shipbuilding industry and vigorously build ships in order to build a strong navy in the next few years.
On the afternoon of June 22, Su Zhenhua attended the meeting of chairmen of the enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission presided over by Mao Zedong.
When talking about the navy, Mao Zedong asked: "In a few years, the situation will change, and in the future, steel will be produced and factories will be built. How much steel does the Navy need? ”
Su Zhenhua replied cautiously: "To build 150 submarines, it will take about 300,000 tons of steel."
Mao Zedong shook his head and said, "Too little, you can do more." ”
Peng Dehuai said, "You can get more submarines." ”
Huang Kecheng also said excitedly: "You can also build aircraft carriers." ”
Su Zhenhua said: "If we visit abroad now, we don't even have a decent warship, and when we can build warships in the future, the situation in the Pacific will change." ”
Many marshals and admirals discussed with great interest and expressed their support for building a strong navy.
Mao Zedong also agreed: "The army, especially the navy and air force, must now quickly grasp technology, design, and scientific research; if we do not engage in it now, it will be too late and we will not be able to catch up in the future." ”
Mao Zedong's instructions filled the navy with momentum.
On May 14, 1958, Xiao Jinguang, Su Zhenhua, and Luo Shunchu jointly reported to the Central Military Commission: Under modern conditions, China's navy should use rockets and missiles as its main weapons. Proposals were put forward for the development of military nuclear power units and the development of missile nuclear submarines.
On June 24, Su Zhenhua and Luo Shunchu invited Zhang Jinfu, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qian Xuesen, president of the Fifth Academy of Sciences, and leading comrades of the First And Second Machine Departments to a meeting and informed them of the Navy's report to the Party Central Committee on the development of nuclear submarines.
"You are all experts, please come and examine it to see if it is feasible?" If feasible, on behalf of hundreds of thousands of commanders and fighters of the Navy, we would like to ask for your support, support the realization of the aspirations of the Chinese people over the past century, build a strong navy, and make the Chinese nation no longer be bullied by outsiders! ”
Su Zhenhua's report won the unanimous consent of the scientists attending the meeting, all of whom advocated the independent development of nuclear submarines.
The navy then made a report to Nie Rongzhen, and after Nie Rongzhen received the report, he once again summoned relevant comrades to listen to the report, and gathered the opinions of all quarters, and in line with the principle of self-reliance, first designed and tried to produce atomic submarines capable of launching missiles on its own.
Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping were very happy after receiving the report, and quickly agreed to it, and submitted it to Mao Zedong for review. After receiving the report, Mao Zedong was very happy and immediately circled it on it, and China's nuclear submarine project was launched.
At the meeting of the Naval Party Committee held on June 15, 1959, Su Zhenhua invited Qian Xuesen, Qian Lingxi and other scientists to attend the meeting to analyze the prospects for maritime operations after the emergence of nuclear power and missile weapons. Finally, I reported to the Central Military Commission that it is necessary for China's naval construction to enter a new stage of development, and it is necessary to supplement and develop the principle of building light troops on the sea mainly by air, submarine, and fast. In the next 10 years, we should combine the development of atomic power and missile weapons with the improvement of conventional weapons to strengthen the construction of naval technology and equipment.
In June 1959, the Soviet Union unilaterally abrogated the Sino-Soviet agreement, and on October 1, Khrushchev even coldly said to Mao Zedong from the tiananmen tower in China: "Regarding the production of atomic bombs, are we going to withdraw them all?" ”
Mao Zedong had been prepared for this, but it was even more infuriating for Khrushchev to say it at this time. Mao Zedong only coldly replied: "We need to be needed, but it doesn't matter if we withdraw." If technically it can help a little better, not being able to help is something you have to consider and decide. We can try it ourselves, which is also an exercise for us. ”
In response to the blockade of foreign countries, Mao Zedong resolutely proposed: "Nuclear submarines must also be built in ten thousand years!" ”
Su Zhenhua was appointed by Zhou Enlai as the head of the leading group for the development of nuclear submarines. Mobilizing the strength of the whole country to devote themselves to this project, Mao Zedong even pointed out: "Self-reliance, vigorous cooperation, and good handling of this matter." ”
In 1961, the Naval Research Institute was established. In an extremely difficult period, the Ten Marshals, with the exception of Peng Dehuai, who was not present, and Lin Biao, who somehow did not speak, all resolutely supported the use of nuclear submarines.
In August 1965, the nuclear submarine program overcame many difficulties and set sail again.
In November 1968, the construction of nuclear submarines began, and on December 26, 1970, the first nuclear submarine in New China was officially launched, and in 1972 Mao Zedong personally sent a telegram to approve the expansion of navigation tests for the first nuclear submarine.
Ten thousand years is too long, the first nuclear submarine in New China from the proposal to the completion of the test, only 10 years to complete the world's rare record. In one fell swoop, it broke the record of 84 consecutive days of submarine voyage of the first nuclear submarine in the United States, the "Sternfish".
Final evaluation result: "The design and manufacture of China's first nuclear submarine was successful. ”
#开国将帅 #