History of Ethnic Expansion in China series
10. The two kings stand side by side
| Cold mountains reminisce about snow
1
In the traditional view of history, the killing of King You of Zhou by Inuyasha means the demise of Western Zhou.
But in fact, the Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou were only the divisions of later historians, the Zhou Dynasty was not interrupted, and the invasion of Inuyasha only killed the King of Zhou You, but did not destroy the Zhou Dynasty.
Inuyasha's southward movement, from the perspective of the Zhou Youwang faction, was naturally an invasion, or a rebellion with the former prince. From the perspective of prince Yiusu, it is to adhere to the etiquette law, oppose tyrants, and defend their legitimate inheritance rights. From the perspective of posterity, it is the civil war of the royal family, and Inuyasha is an ally on the side of the prince.
After Inuyasha killed King You and burned the hoaxe capital, Marquis Shen contacted the princes, hoping that they would recognize the legitimate status of Tianzi Yiusu and make the prince the new king, that is, the King of Zhouping. In order to prevent the crown prince from being accused of inducing Rong Di to kill his father, Shen Hou made a propaganda that Inuyasha invaded and killed the King of You, hiding the process of himself and the State of Jin to attract Inuyasha.
But this kind of propaganda did not play much role, the princes were not stupid, they used their toes to know how inuyasha entered the guanzhong. Moreover, originally this royal turmoil was a struggle between the upstart represented by Shen Guo and the old princes of the East. If you want the eastern princes to recognize Prince Yiusu, how is it so possible?
Even if Shen Hou really did not know about inuyasha as recorded in the "Year of Qinghua Jane", the eastern princes would still insist that the prince colluded with Inuyasha to kill his father out of factional interests.
In the end, in addition to Shen and Jiao, only two princes recognized the legitimate status of the prince. One is Xu Guo, who is a relative of the same surname as Shen Guo. The other was the State of Lu, who insisted on the Zhou Rites, believing that the abolition of the prince by King You violated the etiquette law, and in addition, King Xuan had forcibly deposed Chang Liyou and interfered with the succession of the Lu monarch, causing the State of Lu to have a grudge with King Xuan, so he was more paranoid about the primogeniture system.
As for the other princes, such as the states of Yu, Qi, Wei, and Jin, they did not recognize King Ping of Zhou, but supported Yu Chen, the younger brother of King You, and inherited the throne in the territory of the Kingdom of Zhou, which was called "King of Zhou" in the ancestral literature, while the Qinghua Jian called it "King Hui of Zhou".
In later generations, another Zhou Tianzi became the King of Zhou Hui, so here we uniformly call Yu Chen the King of Zhou.
King Zhou was recognized by most of the princes, but was no longer able to control the Guanzhong region, and could only control the Shaanxi Plains Basin and the Heluo region, that is, the eastern part of the former Zhou Dynasty. Guanzhong fell into the hands of King Ping of Zhou, so the King of Zhou was divided into two, and the situation of the two kings standing side by side was formed.
In contrast, the land of Wang Qi, directly under the jurisdiction of The King of Zhou, was relatively small, but with the support of most of the princes, the overall strength was still stronger than that of the King of Zhou Ping, and it was more in line with the orthodox status in the minds of the princes.
Although the land of Wang Qi under the direct jurisdiction of King Zhou Ping was relatively large, there were very few princes who supported him, and the state of Lu and the state of Xu were far in the east, and they could not give substantive support, and the only people who could give substantive support were Shen Ji and the allies they recruited, Inuyasha.
Shen Jiao, the two great powers who had lost great strength in the civil war with King You of Zhou, and who could have been proud of the crowd and guard the northern territories of the western territory, were now unable to compete with Inuyasha. In this situation, there is a feeling that it is easy to ask God to send God to be difficult.
For this reason, King Zhou Ping had to rely heavily on the various tribes of Inuyasha, relying on these clans that were sometimes obedient and sometimes rebellious. The price of reliance was to allow the various departments of Inuyasha to move into Guanzhong.
2
At present, the Rong people who can be examined and moved into Guanzhong include Fengrong, Li rong, Dangshe Rong, Bo Rong, Peng Ya Rong, Dali Rong, Lu Hun Rong, Mao Rong and so on.
Fengrong moved to the south of Weishui, west of Fengshui, and east of the ruins of Hojing. There was originally Fengjing built in the era of King Wen of Zhou, so the Rong tribes that moved here were called Fengrong. After settling in Fengdi, the leader of Fengrong thought that he occupied the old land of the king of Zhou Tianzi, so he called himself Wang, and shi was called Fengwang.
Li Rong moved to the northern foothills of Mount Li, east of Ho Kyo, and occupied several terraces, including Bailuyuan. Li Rong may have been originally called Li Rong, so named after their ability to breed good horses. It was also because of the relocation of Li Rong that the name of LiShan was determined and continues to this day. However, it is not excluded that there is the name of Lishan first, and then there is the name of Li Rong.
Dangshe Rong moved between Fengrong and Li Rong, occupying the outskirts of Wangdu, where the original Hojing was located, which is now Xi'an.
Bo Rong moved to the north bank of Weishui, at the confluence of Jingshui and Weishui, around the current Jingyang, across the Weishui River and the southern Part of the Langshe Rong.
Lu Hunrong moved to the area east of Borong, north of the present-day Weinan City. Here, a large bend appeared in Weishui, so it was called "Wei Wei".
Da Li Rong moved to the east of Lu Hun Rong, located in the eastern part of Guanzhong, around the present-day Dali County, adjacent to the Rui State to the east.
Peng Yarong moved to the north of Da Li Rong, around the area of present-day Baishui County, and to the east was adjacent to the Xinguo.
The above are the rong tribes that moved into Guanzhong, and may also be the main tribes involved in the civil war of the second king of Youping. There are also many tribes that did not participate, or participated in but did not want to migrate to Guanzhong, and still remained in the Longxi and Longdong Plateaus.
For example, the Longdong Plateau can be examined as the "Five Rongs of Yiqu", which are the five tribes of Yiqu, Penglu, Yuzhi, Shuyan and Wushi.
Yiqu Rong is located in dongzhiyuan, the largest plateau in the Longdong Plateau, that is, the Great Plains of the Western Zhou Dynasty, in the area of present-day Qingyang and Ning County, and is the strongest of the five Rongs.
Peng Lurong was west of Yiqu, west of the Longdong Plateau, and in the area of present-day Pengyang and Zhenyuan.
Yu Zhirong was north of Yiqu, north of the Longdong Plateau, and in the area of present-day Heshui and Huanxian.
Qu Yan Rong was to the north of Yuzhi, around present-day Yanchi County.
Wushi Rong was southwest of Yiqu, south of Penglu, in the area of present-day Jingchuan and Pingliang, and bordered by the Zhou people's homeland to the southeast.
The Longxi Gao principle has the "Twelve Kingdoms of Xi rong", of which the ones that can be examined are Mianzhu Rong, Yi Rong, Ji Rong, and Qi Rong. The first three are located in the eastern part of the Longxi Plateau, Mianzhurong is located in the area of present-day Tianshui, Jirong is located in the area of present-day Gangu County, and Yirong is located in the area of present-day Qingshui County.
As mentioned in the previous article, the Qin people's territory was located in the eastern part of the Longdong Plateau, of which Xi'an (West Dog Hill) was located in the area of present-day Li County, and Qinyi was located in present-day Qingshui County. The territory occupied by Mianzhu Rong separated Xi'an from Qinyi, and the territory of Yirong directly covered the periphery of Qinyi.
In the early days of King Xuan of Zhou, Qin Wengong Qin Qi had already led 7,000 Wang divisions to defeat Xi Rong and recover Xi Dog Qiu, how could it be that in just a few decades, the various departments of Xi Rong occupied the territory of the Qin people?
The reason is likely to be that the various departments of Inuyasha attacked the King of Zhou You at the invitation of Shen Jiao, and the Qin people enlisted to assist the King of Zhou You, and the western army was empty, and the territory was occupied by the various departments of the Western Rong. After that, the situation of the two kings standing side by side was formed, the Zhou king's court was useless, and the Qin people could not get the support of the Zhou king's court, and they were unable to recover the lost land, so they had to move their clans east to the area between Wangwei and Wei, which was the land of horse herding given by King Xiao of Zhou when he let Qin Feizi raise horses.
After moving east to the Area of Wei and Wei, the Qin people should have also lost the West Dog Hill, and as to whether Qin Yi was lost, it has not been examined.
In short, the eastward migration of the Rong people's various departments to the south made the King of Zhou Ping seem to directly rule the land in Guanzhong, but the actual ownership of the territory was very small, and even the king was occupied by the Rong people. Before moving east, the history books did not even record that King Ping of Zhou had a foothold there.
However, according to the geographical judgment, the Longdong Plateau has been completely annexed by the Rong people, and the Rong people who migrated south are basically distributed in the central and eastern parts of Guanzhong, so it is likely that the Western Shen Kingdom, which is dependent on King Ping, has moved back from the Longdong Plateau to the western part of Guanzhong.
King Ping of Zhou actually owned only a part of the central and western regions (Neither Qin nor Yu in Guanzhong recognized King Ping), and only a few princes recognized him, and he was also charged with causing foreign enemies to fight a civil war and killing his father. In that respect, he was completely unqualified to compete with his uncle Zhou Yiwang.
But later history we all know that the king of Zhou was killed, and the king of Zhou Ping moved east to Luoyi, becoming the first son of the "Eastern Zhou" divided by historians, and winning the competition between the two kings side by side. How did King Ping of Zhou counterattack?
3
In the situation at that time, King Zhou Ping wanted to win the final of this competition for the throne, and there were two ways to go.
The first is to win over the rong people's various departments, and promise the rong people's various departments to seal the Kwantung and let them fight for themselves.
This road is a bit like retaking the route of the season calendar and King Wen and King Wu. But the problem is that the opposite is not a violent businessman, but a member of the Ji clan who occupies the moral high ground. King Zhou Ping's choice of this path was tantamount to betraying his fellow tribes and joining forces with the barbarians. In addition, even if the Rong people could be used by the King of Zhou Ping, it would be very difficult to defeat the King of Zhou and the Princes of the East, even if there was hope of victory, it would be difficult to achieve it without exhausting the energy of two or three generations.
What's more, the various ministries of the Rong people had already competed to claim the title of king, and it was impossible for them to be used by King Ping. Therefore, PingWang only has a second way to go.
The second way is to dig the corners of the Zhou and the king and win the support of the centrists of the princes.
In the case of the king occupying the moral and strength advantage, the king of Zhou Ping wanted to dig the corner of the king, and the only way to do it was to make a fuss on the issue of interests. As long as the interests are sufficient, moral positions may also change with the interests.
The corners that King Zhou Ping chose to dig were the Jin, Zheng, Wei, and Qin. Why these princes?
First of all, these countries are relatively close to Guanzhong. Jin is in Hedong, Zheng is in Zhongyuan, Wei is in Hanoi, and Qin is at the western end of Guanzhong, adjacent to king Zhou Ping's station. Like Qi, Lu, Yan, and Zeng yuan in the northern and southeastern frontiers, even if they dug up to support King Ping, it was far water that could not save the near fire.
Secondly, in addition to the Qin, Jin, Zheng, and Wei are all considered to be powerful countries. The State of Jin was the chief of the princes of Hedong, the State of Wei was the largest prince in Hebei, and the State of Zheng encroached on the territories of the States of Dong, Xi, Yan, and Hua in the Central Plains, and rose strongly. With the support of these three princes, the rest of the minor princes will also fall with the wind, and even if Qilu opposes it, he will not be able to clap his hands alone.
The third reason is that these countries may be tempted by interests.
The princes who supported the king of Zhou were led by the state of Yu. Although the three kingdoms of Zheng, Jin, and Wei were strong, they had to bow down to Yu and obey their orders, and naturally they were unwilling. Moreover, Zheng Guo moved from Guanzhong into the Central Plains and annexed Dongyu, and a vendetta was formed between Zheng and Zheng. This is the rift between the princes who support the king.
In addition to the rift, the three kingdoms all had some interests that the Zhou King could not give.
Zheng Guo's annexation of the small central plains violated the etiquette system, so it was urgent for tianzi to endorse and give legitimacy to zheng guoguo zhongyuan. The Jin dynasty annexed the small country of Hedong and also needed the endorsement of Tianzi. As for Wei Guo, according to the region, it was undoubtedly far superior to the Qilu Song and Jin dynasties at that time, but it was only a count, and the Duke of Weiwu was also a brother to the throne, and he needed the endorsement of the Son of Heaven.
However, king Zhou, who was under the banner of etiquette and morality, obviously could not endorse these three kingdoms. Moreover, the King of Zhou had the advantage of competition, and there was no need to give the princes more benefits.
Therefore, on the contrary, the King of Zhou Ping, who occupied an extremely inferior position, could meet the interests of Zheng, Jin, and Wei. Under the mediation of the emissaries of King Ping, the Jin state was granted the territory of the entire Linfen Basin, and could legally encroach on the surrounding feudal states. Zheng Guo was granted the title of land east of Song Mountain in the area of Zheng Xu and legally established itself in the Central Plains. Wei Guo was made a duke, and the stain on his brother's ascension to the throne was also erased by King Zhou Ping.
In addition, King Ping of Zhou promoted the Qin people from vassal to bo, officially became a member of the princely states, and granted the land west of the Qishan Mountains.
The reason for wooing the State of Qin was not only because the State of Qin was closer to King Ping, but also because it could protect King Ping and create great trouble for King Ping, but also for two other reasons. First, the marriage between the Qin state and the Shen state era was a bit neutral during the civil war between the father and son of Youping. Second, the land of The State of Qin, adjacent to the State of Qin in the east, drew the State of Qin and gave the land of Xiyu to Qin, with the intention of weakening the State of Qin by borrowing the State of Qin.
In the end, the four kingdoms of Jin, Zheng, Wei, and Qin sided with King Ping of Zhou.
4
In the 11th year of the Zhou Dynasty / the 21st year of the Marquis Wen of Jin / 760 BC, the Marquis Wen of Jin led an army to invade the Territory of the State of Yu in the Shaanxi Plains Basin, killed the King of Zhou, and declared the King of Zhou Ping as the Son of Heaven.
However, the orthodox status of King Zhou has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. After the death of King Zhou, the other princes did not recognize the status of King Ping of Zhou's son of heaven for 9 years, which is known in history as the "Ninth Year of King Wu of Zhou".
In 750 BC / 21st year of King Ping of Zhou / 31st year of Marquis Wen of Jin, Marquis Wen of Jin welcomed King Wen of Zhou from Shendi in central and western Guan to the ruins of Hojing, where he stayed for three years.
In 747 BC / 24th year of King Ping of Zhou / 34th year of Marquis Wen of Jin, escorted by Marquis Wen of Jin, Duke Wu of Zheng, and Duke Xiang of Qin (Duke Wu of Wei died in 758 BC), King Ping of Zhou led some of the people of Guanzhong to migrate from the ruins of Hojing to the eastern capital Ofluoyi, with Dongdu as the capital.
This period of history was called "the eastward migration of the Ping King" by later generations.
After moving the capital to Luoyi, under the mediation of Zheng Guo, the eastern princes gradually recognized the position of the son of the King of Zhouping. However, after 20 years of royal internal turmoil between the father and son of King Ping of You, and the uncle and nephew of King Ping of You, the strength and authority of the royal family have plummeted. In addition, King Ping of Zhou, disregarding the etiquette law, legalized the annexation of zheng and Jin to neighboring countries, and from then on, Zhou Li fell, and the princes were like wild horses that had lost control, and began a game of competition and annexation between each other.
The Lile conquest began in the Spring and Autumn Period from the princes, and it began at this time.
In addition to the competition and annexation between the princes, the feudal states located in the border areas of the Zhou Kingdom also began the process of independent expansion to the lands of foreign tribes. The writing of the history of the expansion of the Chinese nation must also be handed over from the hands of Zhou Tianzi to the hands of the princes.
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