<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" zhu yizun >: listen to the autumn rain, lightly each cold</h1>
Mentioning this Zhu Yizun, probably with Zhu Dunru, whose name is somewhat similar to his, not only at that time, but also in later generations, at least before the Republic of China, his reputation was very prominent and highly respected, and the "Zhejiang Western Word School" he created also led the trend of the moment, which was a genre emulated by many literati, and he himself was also praised as "the greatest literati in zhejiang history".
But it is undeniable that since the Republic of China, Zhu Yizun's status in literature has gradually declined, and since entering New China, except for some professionals, few people have mentioned it, and even in his hometown of Jiaxing, there are not many people who know him, and even his hometown Wang Guowei is not very respectful of him.
The reason is very complicated, may have a certain relationship with his lineage, he is the great-grandson of the Ming Dynasty university scholar Zhu Guozuo, who was favored by the state, and when the Qing people pacified Jiangnan, he was already an adult, when a number of literati such as Gu Yanwu and Chen Zilong fought to the death against the Qing, especially Xia Wanchun, who was two years younger than him, also fought bloody battles with the Qing people and martyred the country, and he has always been out of the game.
According to some people, Zhu Yizun still participated in the clarification, but I have not seen first-hand information, and I dare not agree with it, but I know that he has served as an aide to many high-ranking officials of the Qing Dynasty, and he has traveled all over the world.
Under the iron hooves of the Qing people, it is not impossible to be a shunmin, after all, it is not possible to ask everyone to be as literate as Tianxiang Wu like Yue Fei, but he is still very enthusiastic about entering the Qing court, and he befriends high-ranking Qing officials and literati, such as Naran Zhide and other well-known figures, and submits books to the leader of the literary world, Wang Shichen, and finally at half a hundred, he ushered in the time of his soaring yellow tengda.
There is also a reason that I don't know if it is the reason, he is also a person with private morality like Zhu Dunru, Zhu Dunru was an official for Qin Ju for more than ten days, while Zhu Yizun was in trouble with his little sister.
However, unlike the general secret affair, his "dyeing" is unforgettable, almost wanting to live and die together, and the rehearsal "Two Hundred Rhymes of Wind and Sorrow" that he composed for this purpose is even more touching, a sentence of "Feeling the relics of Zhen Zhen, afraid of seeing the bed of acacia", which has caused many people in later generations to shed tears for it.
I especially appreciate a word used by Mr. Ye Jiaying in his evaluation of Zhu Yizun, called "the beauty of weak morality", it is this love that is not recognized by the world, which seems to be inconsistent with traditional moral standards, but as long as it is sincere and unforgettable, you can write a touching and profound work, and the sincerity contained in it is also very sincere and touching, so it is called "the beauty of weak morality" by Mr. Ye.
Zhu Yizun (朱彝尊), also known as Xi Gui (西鬯), also called himself Xiaochanglu (小長芦垞), a native of Xiushui, Zhejiang, a native of present-day Jiaxing, a native of the late Ming and late Ming dynasties and the early Qing Dynasty, who was taught the Hanlin Academy in the kangxi year as a cloth cloth, and was incorporated into the Nan study room, where he participated in the compilation of the "History of Ming", and later returned to his hometown to concentrate on writing, and died at the age of 81.
He was a "child of someone else's family" since he was a child, he was very intelligent, he had a subset of history, he never forgot, the book recorded that he was "born with a different attitude, and the book was not left behind", unfortunately, although he had a prominent family lineage, by the time he was born, he had already fallen, he was a Feng surnamed family who had entered a county in Huzhou to study and teach, his wife was Feng's parent daughter, and the wife and sister who later had a secret affair with him were the third daughter of the Feng family.
Zhu Yizun may have been born for literature and scholarship, Jiashen Dingge, the discoloration of mountains and rivers, the bloody rain and wind, he traveled south to lingbiao, refuge in Yongjia, north Izumo Shuo, kemu Datong, all the way to the Guanhe River, the waves of Ping traces.
"Ten years of sharpening the sword, the five tombs pick up customers." All the tears of my life and my tears. Old to fill in the words, half of it is, air hate. Several times around, swallow cicada sideburns.
Do not teach Qin Qi, do not teach Huang Jiu, rely on Xinsheng, Yutian Kao close. Fall to the rivers and lakes, and pay, the song feast red pink. The material is sealed, and the white head has no points. ”
Zhu Yizun was half a life drifting zero, for more than ten years, the original sharpness has been exhausted, he himself is also very relaxed, but he wants to be unique in literature, do not learn Liu Yong and Huang Tingjian, and admire Zhang Yan alone, which is actually Zhang Yan's words that describe the pain of the fall of the country that resonates with him.
In his early days, in addition to hiding from the chaos of war, he kept reading, but also often traveled, befriended scribes from all over the world, investigated the customs and customs, recorded what he heard and saw, accumulated rich knowledge, and laid a solid foundation for future writings.
But for some reason, he never took part in the imperial examination held by the Qing dynasty in his lifetime, you know, the imperial examination is the only upward passage for readers, but why didn't Zhu Yizun participate? Whether he was not ashamed of those impractical application articles, or whether he participated in the exam without passing the examination, or whether he still had the remaining knot in his heart, all of which are not recorded in history.
Another point I do not quite understand, he is a Jiangnan person, but he has lived in Beijing for a long time, but also very generous, the residence named "Gu Teng Shuya" and the pavilions, he often calls friends to come to his home to meet, and also invites Wang Shizhen to come to his home to enjoy the flowers, "eat abalone half wings, GuanMi Hai Yue Yan Shan Tu Jing", but I don't know where this much money comes from.
"The wife of the vertebrate, the bully with a hooded head, the news of the old garden who spreads." Snowflakes are like hands, with the clouds, scratching their heads several times in confusion. Sable Qiu Qiu, and Mr. Dong Guo wore it. A little lonely candle, two lines of village tears, only shadows pity each other.
Don't you think, the sail returns to Zhejiang water, sighing the old swimming scattered, no different from the sky. Bamboo forest flute, Oharajuku grass, and who persuaded the sake to be in front of the mound. Bo tour into a long time, provoking frost sideburns, worry about last year. No one asked, and chang'an city was drunk. ”
This is a poem he made before he left the shi, "Flying Snow Full of Mountains, Yanjing Twilight", at this time he was living in Beijing, nearly confused, thinking of a hopeless career, relatives gradually separated, single shadow, lonely and lonely, more painfully, the death of his sister Feng Shouzhen, let him liver and intestines cut off, so he issued this sad sound.
It was during this period that he wrote "Old News Under the Sun", "Under the Sun", that is, Beijing, taking the sentence "Looking at Chang'an under the Sun, Referring to Wu Hui in the Clouds" in Wang Bo's "Preface to the Tengwang Pavilion", which is the first document to describe the anecdotes and allusions and miscellaneous events in Beijing; during the Qianlong period, some people even supplemented the 160-volume "Examination of the Old News under the Sun" on this basis, which is a huge work on the study of Beijing's customs and folk customs, and has become the most complete anthology of materials on the history of Beijing in all generations.
In addition to this "Old News under the Sun", After returning to his hometown, Zhu Yizun also examined a large number of pre-Qin anthologies, including the Five Classics, and wrote many famous works and articles, which were in opposition to Wang Shizhen, the leader of the literary circles at that time, and was called "The King of Southern Zhu and Northern Zhu" by the people of the time.
Unlike Wang Shizhen who focused on poetry, Zhu Yizun was an erudite person, who was famous for "learning" and "literature", and there were not many people in history who could perfectly combine "erudition" and "Gongwen", so he was also called a genius who "only produced one person in five hundred years", and at that time there was also the criticism of "Wang Hobby, Zhu Greedy", but this is a positive word, saying that Zhu Yizun's "erudition" is unsurpassed.
At the age of 51, he was recommended to participate in the "Erudite Hongci Branch" examination, entered the Hanlin Academy as a cloth, and participated in the compilation of the "History of Ming", which also opened the door for him to his career, and has since been highly valued and favored by the Kangxi Emperor.
The next Zhu Yizun had a smooth career path, not only was he appointed to speak as a living official, but also was entrusted with the southern study, the former was a close minister who served the emperor, and the latter was an important department for handling state affairs, and compiled history books, which can be said to have received the highest treatment for a literati, and it was the dream of the literati in his life.
What is even more enviable is that Kangxi has feasted on him many times, and often gave him dishes and Zhu Yizun's family, which is a favor to him, not only that, he was specially given horseback riding in the Forbidden City, which can be said to be the highest glory in the Qing Dynasty, even if it is difficult for an old-ranking figure in the imperial court to obtain this grace.
However, Le Ji was sad, I don't know whether it was "walking by the river for a long time, it is inevitable that I will not get wet shoes", or whether the grace is getting stronger, a little oblivious, Zhu Yizun overturned the boat in a small matter.
He was a bibliophile, with tens of thousands of ancient books in his collection, and he was able to read a large number of books in the imperial inner court because of his compilation, so he privately brought his students into the library to copy them, which was investigated and impeached, but fortunately Kangxi was extra-legal and only punished by an official demotion.
Of course, some people also think that this is Zhu Yizun's "book stealing" is deliberate, is deliberately with a kind of "elegant" negligence, in order to get out of the cage as soon as possible, do what he likes to do, this is actually a bit of self-deception, the reason for his doing this is only one point, that is, his love and obsession with books, as for how the East Window incident occurred, it is a small probability event that he does not want to see.
In fact, such a small matter is really a trivial matter for the normal state of the temple falling on each other and the eunuch sea floating and sinking, but Zhu Yizun seems to have suffered a major setback, although he was soon reinstated as an official, he still insisted on resigning his official post and returning to his hometown, and from then on he worked hard in the Wenyuan Shihai he loved until his old age.
Zhu Yizun wrote all his life, the study was "flooded through the history of the classics, in and out of a hundred homes", he wrote and lived, and after returning from old age, he still worked tirelessly, and history said that he was "retired to a lot of leisure, and his writings were very rich"; during the Kangxi Southern Tour, he submitted the "Jingyi Examination" written after resigning from the official, which won great praise, and was awarded a plaque of the imperial book "Studying the Scriptures and Natural Objects"; in addition, the later Qianlong Emperor also personally wrote poems at the beginning of the volume and ordered them to be published throughout the country.
Of course, for the average melon eater, the most enjoyable thing is his unrequited love with his little sister Feng Jingzhi, but Zhu Yizun is not a playboy-like figure, and his love for his little aunt is very sincere, although the person he loves married another woman at the age of 19 and died at the age of 33, but Zhu Yizun loved all his life and was unforgettable for a lifetime.
In the history of Chinese literature, there are very few real love poems, generally called love poems, and most of the objects of their songs are prostitutes, and the good family women are almost gone; I think that Zhu Yizun's touching point is that he dared to make his wife who loved others public, never shy away from this world-forbidden love, and insisted on "carrying out love to the end", which is really shocking courage.
As an influential literary giant in the country, he not only wrote many works describing him and his little sister, but also wrote a long poem "Two Hundred Rhymes of Wind and Huai", which detailed the love process between them.
When compiling a collection of essays in his later years, when someone advised him to delete this poem that was detrimental to his image, he resolutely refused to listen, that is, to make this love public, "I would rather not eat two dolphins, and not delete the wind and cherish two hundred rhymes", that is, he would rather not accompany the Confucius Temple after death, be criticized by later generations, and also retain the true feelings for his little sister.
Historically, at least before the Republic of China, the married women of the Ai Liang family and the celebrities who were made public, counted as only one Lu You, a song "Chao Tou Feng" made the name Zhao Shicheng actually very hurt, but no one seemed to care about his existence, but it achieved the eternal love between Lu You and Tang Wan, which made posterity admire.
The same is true of Zhu Yizun's love for his little sister, Lu You is just a song "Phoenix", he tasted it and stopped, but he was not, he did not forget it until his death, and the long poem of four hundred words revealed the emotional process and interrogation of the two.
Later Zhu Yizun did not enter the "Qing History Manuscript Ru Lin Biography", whether this is really the reason is unknown.
"Think about the past, cross the river dry." Qing'e looked down at the mountain.
Sleep together to listen to the autumn rain, and the small moles lightly chill each other. ”
This poem "Guizhixiang" is a small order written by Zhu Yizun about the feelings of the two people, although it is only more than 20 words, but it is considered by the famous word theorist Zhou Yi that "this is the first word of the national dynasty", which is also the ultimate work of the beauty of Chinese small words.
"Sleeping together" is a matter of pleasure, and the autumn rain outside the ship's side is desolate, but it tells the desolation of the environment and the uneasiness of the state of mind, the beauty is on the side, qing'e crosses the mountain, bringing the "respective cold" in the hearts of the two people, pain, loneliness, plus hopelessness, how a miserable, more than Lu You's "wrong, wrong, wrong" more people can not let go.
A small order, exquisite, for hundreds of years has been pleasing to the eye, which contains not desire, but sincere love, a love that is not recognized by the world, the word reflects Zhu Yizun's deep affection and courage, which makes people feel and admire.
It's a bit like the movie "The Dream of the Bridge" that she had seen in her early years, the old woman left a suicide note about the extramarital affair that she would never forget, although she knew that it would make her image ugly or embarrassing in front of her husband and children, but she ignored it and was loyal to the fruitless feelings in her heart, because this was the true love of her life, and as for the foreign accusations, it was not her consideration.
Zhu Yizun is extremely literate and knowledgeable, he is both a literary master and an academic master, he is a miscellaneous and non-compelling, whether in the study of scriptures or history and geography are giants, in the word circle is even more open Zhejiang Western school of words, his words "rigorous and exquisite, super mastery of the shangxiu", the leader of the word altar, exclusively enjoy the "Crown of the Qing Dynasty for three hundred years" reputation.
His last time was delivered and revised the "Collection of Exposed Books", at this time he was an 81-year-old elderly man, after seeing that the book had been paid, he felt as relieved, there was no regret in this life, so he passed away unexpectedly, and Chen Tingjing, a major minister of the Qing court, made an epitaph for him to bury.
Together with Naran Zhide and Chen Weisong, he is known as the Three Great Masters of QingZi, and he is also very accomplished in calligraphy, especially lishu, he is the same as Wang Shimin and Zheng Ji are known as the three masters of the early Qing Dynasty, which shows that his calligraphy is also very exquisite.
Zhu Yizun is really a seriously underestimated grandmaster-level figure, looking at his life, he began to write from the age of 17, for 65 years, his life has not quit, leaving a large number of works for future generations, his compilation of "Ci Zong" is an important selection of Chinese lexicology, and he himself has a very lofty position in the three hundred years of the Qing Dynasty.
Unfortunately, now, Zhu Yizun's reputation is not very loud, the person who is in charge of the word world and creates a new pattern of clear words has ended up with almost no one being able to recite a poem of his, the heavens are unfair, I sigh to the sky for Zhu Yizun!