【Text/Hanbai Longwozi】Note: If you need to reprint, please inform in advance, unauthorized reproduction is prohibited. Original articles, the whole network deleted posts protection; in case of plagiarism infringement, will be investigated for responsibility.
An Analects deals with more than a hundred people, of which there are many people who are praised by Confucius, but there are only a few who are revered by Confucius as sages, and Boyi and Shuqi are among them.
The Analects mention the two four times, but do not mention their origins. However, ancient books such as the Book of Shang, the Left Biography of Spring and Autumn, and the Chinese do not mention these two people, and the Boyi mentioned in the Book of Shang and the Chinese is another person.
So, in history, did Boyi and Shuqi have any of them? What the hell are they? What is the end result?
△ Statues of Boyi and Shuqi
< h1 class = "pgc-h-center-line" > the mystery of life and eventual starvation</h1>
According to Sima Qian's "Records of History", Boyi and Shuqi were the sons of The Lonely Bamboo Monarch in the late Yin dynasty and early Zhou Dynasty.
Before his death, this lone bamboo prince wanted Shu Qi to inherit the throne, but after his death, Shu Qi ceded the throne to his eldest brother Boyi, but Boyi refused to disobey his father's orders, so the two fled the country one after another.
They admired the benevolent name of Xi Bo Jichang (i.e., King Wen of Zhou) and came to Zhoudi, but by this time Heon Chang had died.
Soon after, King Wu of Zhou prepared to cut the silk, and they tapped their horses and advised: "Father is not buried after death, but it is filial piety to the father and Gange? Is it benevolent to kill the king? He also said that logging was an act of "exchanging violence for violence" and raised a firm objection.
When king Wu won the victory and the Emperor of Tianxia was in charge of Zhou, the two of them did not respect the Zhou system and did not eat Zhou Su, lived in seclusion and ate, and finally starved to death in Shouyang Mountain. Before his death, he also composed a song of "Cevi", which was quite resentful.
The description of Bo Yi and Shu Qi in the "Records of History" is the most complete historical material on the life of the two people in existence.
In the "Zhuangzi" of the Warring States period, it is also said many times that Boyi and Shuqi starved to death; in the "Han Feizi • Rape and Robbery", it is also said that "the two starved to death in the tomb of Shouyang"; of course, in the "History", it is more specific, they were ashamed to eat Zhou Su, and even starved to death; the "Ciyuan" and "Cihai" published today follow this theory.
△ Boyi, Shuqi Tsevitu
<h1 class = "pgc-h-center-line" > his life is doubtful and opposes starvation</h1>
Although the Warring States period texts also highly recommend Boyi and Shuqi, the Warring States sons do not mention that the two of them are the sons of Gu Zhujun.
In "Zhuangzi Rang Wang", it is said: "In the past Zhou Zhixing, there were two scholars, who were in a lone bamboo. ”。 The "Lü Shi Chunqiu Chenglian" also says that they are "soldiers". Mencius says that they lived on the shores of the North Sea, just as the "Chronicle of History" said that they were "cave men", that is, hermits.
In these historical books, the status and identity of Boyi and Shuqi differ from those of them as the sons of the Lone Bamboo King, believing that they were hermits who did not follow the Zhou system and fled to the wilderness during the reign of King Wu. As for the fact that they starved to death in Shouyang Mountain, there was something even more suspicious.
Regarding this matter, the earliest mention of Boyi and Shuqi's "Analects of Ji" says: "Qi Jinggong has a horse and a thousand horses, and on the day of death, the people have no virtue and are called Yan. Bo Yi and Shu Qi were hungry under the Shouyang, and the people were now called them. ”
As long as you carefully taste this text, you can see that the meaning of "hungry in Shouyang" does not mean "starvation", but refers to living a poor hermit life in Shouyang Mountain, which is aimed at the luxurious life of Qi Jinggong.
And the "Lü Shi Chunqiu Chenglian" also says that "the two people went north, to the first sun and starved", but there was no mention of starvation.
△ Tombs of Boyi and Shuqi in Shouyang Mountain, Weiyuan County, Gansu Province
Some Chinese scholars believe that the theory that Bo Yi and Shu Qi "starved to death" is a statement that later generations will associate.
Because there is no such thing as "starving to death" in the Analects of "shame on Zhou Su", the "Records of History" is not credible.
Why they should be described as "starving to death" should be seen as a kind of propaganda carried out by lobbyists in order to cater to the ruler's concept of loyalty and filial piety, or to abandon fame and fortune and the idea of seclusion in the context of the brutal struggle between kings and vassals in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States period.
Moreover, even the tone of resentment revealed by the song "Cevi" is also inconsistent with Confucius's praise of their character of "not remembering the old evil, and complaining is using Xi", which may not really be their work.
Of course, for this view, those who oppose it also believe that although the Analects do not mention "starvation to death", the pre-Qin sons of the later period all have this statement, and An Zhi did not take off the word "death" in the Analects?
△ Gansu Weiyuan Shouyang Mountain Boyi, Shuqi Shuangtu inscription
< h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" > epilogue</h1>
The above two opposing views can only be regarded as different speculations. The true life and ultimate fate of Bo Yi and Shu Qi have not yet been conclusively judged to this day.
However, whether it is Confucius's "Analects" or the warring states period's "Mencius", "Zhuangzi", "Lü's Spring and Autumn" and "Han Feizi" and other ancient books, they all respect Boyi and Shuqi.
Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty wrote the "Records of History", which was specially established for them and placed at the head of the biography. Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty once wrote the "Ode to Boyi" and praised it heavily.
In Chinese history, Boyi and Shuqi have been praised and recited by future generations as models of high wind and bright festivals.
Finally, what are the different views and understandings of Boyi, Shuqi and this period of history? Welcome friends to leave messages to share and communicate, and embed their own thoughts, through the network platform, embedded in the sky of history.
△ Southern Song Dynasty Li Tang "Cevi Tu"
Note: The pictures in the text come from the Internet, if it is invaded, it will be deleted.
Also: Interested friends can read my other related articles.
References: Analects, History, Ancient Chinese History, etc
I specialize in cultural history, reading experience, literary collection, stamps and coins, poetry couplets and calligraphy paintings. Follow @HanbailongWozi for more exciting content.
#国学新知识 #