Professor Hu Hua and zhangjiakou workers' movement

Professor Hu Hua and zhangjiakou workers' movement

This newspaper specially invited Liu Yiding, assistant researcher of the Seventh Research Department of the Institute of Party History and Documentation of the CPC Central Committee, to tell the little-known story of Professor Hu Hua, one of the pioneers and founders of the discipline of Chinese revolutionary history, who launched the workers' movement in Zhangjiakou.

Professor Hu Hua entered Zhang Yuan

Zhangyuan is another name in the history of Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province. "After the jin-Cha-Ji military and civilian counteroffensive began in August 1945, the people's troops --- the Eighth Route Army attacked Zhangjiakou from the east, south and west. On August 21, a fierce battle with the enemy was fought on the eastern slopes of the city. All the workers of the brick and tile kilns in the slums on the eastern slopes were mobilized. Under the threat of artillery fire, women boiled water for the Eighth Route Army to cook, and men braved guns and bullets to carry water to the mountain. Poor workers Ti Zhongcheng, Liu Wanyuan and others were shot by the enemy and killed by bullets while constantly carrying water and food. At the same time, the order of the city's enemy puppet rule collapsed. The workers and citizens who have been squeezed by the enemy for many years automatically organize themselves to destroy all the enemy's and forgery facilities and seize the enemy's supplies. On the 22nd, the enemy was forced to retreat. Rikou personally drove the head out of the railway factory workshop, and in a hurry, he flipped the front of the car at the door of the garage, and the rest of the locomotives could not be driven out. The bereaved dogs tried to find workers to give him a car, but the workers had already organized themselves and carried out a resolute resistance. As a result, the enemy did not drive out of a single vehicle, so he had to abandon his supplies and luggage on the platform and flee. On August 23, Zhangjiakou was liberated. Traitors, spies, and thugs fired guns and set fires to sabotage activities. Jin Qingshan, a railway worker, collected more than 50 large guns from various places, handed them over to the trade unions, established pickets, and armed the defense of railway traffic. The armed pickets of the Electric Lights Union twice repelled the robbery of the mob, leaving the city without a single day of power outage. Woolen weaving, telephones, running water... The workers of the factories always guarded the factories, extinguished the fires and maintained the revolutionary order. The mud workers also immediately set about repairing the Qingshui Bridge and the Qinghe Bridge, which had been damaged by the enemy. In the dark of the day, the people's soldiers of the brigade entered the city from the eastern slope. Families set up tea tables on the side of the road and waved flags to welcome them. The procession sang neatly and walked down the street, and the people greeted them. The great era of people's liberation has arrived! Only when the working class, in a vanguard posture and in coordination with the people's sons and soldiers, can we have this scene of vigorous occupation of the city. Only then can we return the factories intact from the hands of the enemy back to the motherland. This passage of zhangjiakou workers from all walks of life cooperating with the Jin-Ji-Ji-Cha Eighth Route Army to restore ZhangYuan was recorded by Hu Hua, a teacher of the Jin-Cha-Ji North China United University who marched into the city from the Pingxi base area on September 9, during the battle, and promptly conducted on-the-spot interviews.

Hu Hua, a native of Fenghua, Zhejiang Province, joined the revolution in 1938 and joined the Party at the Northern Shaanxi Public School in February 1939. In the same year, he crossed the Yellow River with the North China United University and went to Jinchaji to run a school behind enemy lines. In February 1940, he became a faculty member of the United Nations General Assembly on "The Question of the Chinese Revolution" and "Modern Chinese History". The North China United University has been running schools behind enemy lines in Jinchaji for 6 years, and has graduated more than 80 teams (classes) of students, more than 8,000 people, and more than 10,000 cadres participating in short-term training. This war-torn university has made outstanding contributions to persisting in the War of Resistance Behind Enemy Lines, developing and expanding base areas, cultivating and transporting backbone talents, and carrying out various tasks in the border areas. With the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, hundreds of teachers and students who were still in school were ordered to march on the way to take over the enemy's war cities, and in accordance with the urgent instructions of the Jin-Cha-Ji Central Sub-Bureau, they were successively selected and dispatched, most of them became cadres from the border areas and were assigned to various government departments and units to carry out the comprehensive management of the newly liberated cities. Hu Hua was dispatched by the Jin-Cha-Ji Central Sub-Bureau to assist Xiao Ming, a member of the COMMUNIST Party during the founding period of the Party, a senior member of the Chinese workers' movement, the director of the Bureau of Industry and Mines of the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region Government, and the director of the Ji-Cha-Ji District Federation of Trade Unions, to enter Zhangyuan and start engaging in the workers' movement in the newly liberated cities.

Zhangjiakou is a historical northern military town and a commercial drought "wharf" in the northwest since the Ming and Qing dynasties. Under the slaughter of the Japanese bayonet, this mountain city became the capital of the "pseudo-Mongolian Autonomous Government" under Japanese colonial rule, and also the military base for the Japanese invasion of Jichajinsui and Inner Mongolia. It has a population of more than 170,000. As it is the transportation hub of the Jingsui Railway and Zhangku (Ulaanbaatar) Avenue, it is rich in heavy and light industrial products.

Xiao Ming, a native of Xintian, Hunan, joined the Communist Party of China in 1922 as a member of the Secretariat of the Chinese Labor Union and participated in leading the strike movement of the Workers' Jingsui Railway in Zhangjiakou. After 1931, after "918", he served as the director of the Organization Department of the North China Special Committee of the Communist Party of China (also known as the North China Political Protection Bureau of the Communist Party of China), mobilized General Feng Yuxiang to unveil the banner in Zhangjiakou to establish the "Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Allied Army", and organized the Zhangjiakou People's Anti-Japanese Movement under the leadership of the Party. This time Zhangjiakou was liberated by our army, and Xiao Ming not only served as director of the Jicha Federation of Trade Unions, but also served as a member of the Zhangjiakou Municipal CPC Committee, secretary of the Working Committee of the Municipal CPC Committee, and director of the Preparatory Committee of the Municipal Federation of Trade Unions. He was once again reunited with zhangshi's old workers, and it was two different eras before and after, and the mountain city was covered with the dawn of people's democracy. As Xiao Ming's assistant, Hu Hua was also shocked and infected in the booming urban workers' movement, working hard day and night, painting the dawn of the mountain city.

Source: Zhangjiakou Evening News