Why was Wang Fuzhi able to get from the Temple of Literature of Qiyue Lu Academy?

Wen 丨 Xiang Respectful

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The Temple of Literature is a hall dedicated to and dedicated to Confucius, the "Most Holy Prophet".

Respect Confucius, treat Confucius with courtesy, of course. Confucius was the chief educator of the People's Republic of China during the Spring and Autumn Period, the greatest educational philosopher and thinker in the history of ancient Chinese education, and made great contributions to the development of Chinese culture.

Especially in the multicultural era, Confucius doctrine should occupy an important place. Confucius took ethics education as the main body, exquisitely decomposed Confucian speculation in philosophy, history, society, economy, military, culture, art, education, religion and other aspects, took "benevolence and righteousness" as the spiritual core, integrated moral norms such as loyalty and forgiveness, forgiveness and sensitivity, wisdom and courage, gentleness and frugality, and deduced the great wisdom of life in the simple natural laws, and still has the significance and practical value of reference today with its unique height and standard.

We need to rationally revisit his teachings on the political system, ideological propositions, educational methods, social customs, psychological habits, and daily words and deeds. Seriously study his thoughts and practices as cultural heritage, give the connotation of the times, and meet the needs of the times for the country to cultivate and practice the core values of socialism.

In the thousand-year-old Yuelu Academy, there is still a Temple of Literature, even if it was unfortunately destroyed in the smoke clouds of history, the seven buildings of Nirvana's rebirth reverently built the Temple of Literature and restored its special sacrificial function.

Such a sacrifice, together with lectures and books, is the perfect way to preach to the people. The Yuelu Academy's Temple of Literature system, unlike other places, has built a Chuanshan Ancestral Hall. This is the place where later generations sacrificed Wang Fuzhi (1619-1692).

Wang Fuzhi was the second person from the Temple of Literature of Qiyuelu Academy after Zhou Dunyi. The Zhou clan was condescending because he opened the Xiangxue lineage and was the ancestor of Zhang Yu, while Wang Fuzhi was only a student who had studied at Yuelu Academy for one year. However, Wang Shi, with his unfortunate and fortunate life, achieved his great life of preaching.

The large-scale historical and humanistic documentary "Yuelu Academy", jointly created by Hunan Radio and Television Station and Yuelu Academy of Hunan University, and broadcast simultaneously with Mango TV and Golden Eagle Documentary Satellite TV, shows the 6 chapters of the source flow, positive pulse, preaching, history, new changes and seeking truth of this millennium school. The third episode, "Preaching", can be said to be a videotape funayama biography.

The film condenses Wang Fuzhi's more than 70 years of bumpy life into 50 minutes, strangling its essence, revealing its thoughts, and passing on its spirit. Through a large number of textured images, Wang's academic life is displayed, full of emotional temperature, historical depth and cultural height.

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Wang Fuzhi was born in Shuxiang Mendi, and his father almost entered the Guozi Prison. However, at the end of the Ming Dynasty, when Chongzhen was rigid and the party was fiercely strife, Wang's father, who had no backstage and roots, could only retreat to his hometown and educate his three sons.

Wang Fuzhi's young man was talented, and he was valued by the richest man in his hometown and became a fast son-in-law riding a dragon. The young couple, Qinse and Ming, the rich lady loves Wang Lang or Wang Lang is studious and enterprising, which has Wang Fuzhi's entrance to the Yuelu Academy, which regulates a lot, and becomes the proud disciple of the mountain chief Wu Daoxing.

Yuelu Academy preached and cultivated talents in an open state, rather than cultivating ascetic monks in the field alone. Wu Daoxing inherited Zhu Zhangzhi's learning, and repeatedly emphasized that what he taught was neither a disciple of profit nor a mediocre person, but a talent for cultivating the people through the ages.

Wu Gong befriended Gao Shitai, the son of Gao Panlong, the leader of the Donglin Party, but he was not a member of the Donglin Party. He is a pure educator, that is, he only does academic discussions that break the bad habits of the portal, promotes the development of Zhu Zhang's theory, and devotes himself to practicing the concept of educating people in the academy of adult education, and has no intention of fighting in the political arena of the late Ming Dynasty. This had a strong impact on Wang Fu's later ideals of life.

Specializing in learning, promoting science, full of family and country feelings and traditions. Wang Fuzhi also thought about repaying the country that was in decline through scientific research, and Kuang zheng was in the wrong place, but at that time, the clutch and chaos were no longer something that he could change as a gentleman who had a heart for his family and the world.

The Chongzhen Emperor, who wanted to be Yao Shun Zhongxing, eventually died in Sheji. When the Ming Dynasty collapsed, Wu Daoxing, who had no intention of politics, also martyred himself in the form of hunger strikes. Jiashen changed dramatically, the Yongchang Emperor Li Zicheng also fled, and the Qing Dynasty gained the great tomorrow.

At this time, the scholars, faced with different life choices, either fled by excuse, or generously martyred, or chose trees to live in. After all, they experienced the two heavens of the Ming and Qing dynasties. They are deeply influenced by Confucian concepts of etiquette and maintain moral heroism, but many are illusory. A few years later, the Qianlong Emperor produced a volume of the Biography of the Second Minister, as well as the Biography of the Contrarian, which refers to these people.

Wang Fuzhi also has a strong moral heroism in his body, but he has the heart to serve the country, he is powerless to return to heaven, he can only cherish the homeland, and it is difficult to escape with his father, brother, wife and children. He also joined the armed forces of the Southern Ming anti-Qing forces in repeated defeats, but the internal entanglement of the Southern Ming camp, open guns and dark arrows, so that he could only flee lonely in the end. Even though his talent was appreciated by the Southern Ming University scholars Qu Shiyan and Tuoba Yinxi, he only served as a minor official in the Yongli regime for a short time.

He participated in the armed anti-Qing and resisted the evil government of Manchurian shaving his hair, and was hunted down by the Qing court, so he had to use the pseudonym Yaoren and hide in the grass hall near the Jinlan Shichuan Mountain in Hengyang Xidu to study and learn. At this time, he had experienced too many life and death parts, and was accustomed to the open struggle and secret struggle of the regime, and concluded that the inheritance of civilization was much more important than the replacement of the imperial court! Even if Wu Sangui later invited him to write a poem under the banner of opposing the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty, he also sternly refused.

This is a kind of ethics, but also a realm, an attitude.

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Wang Fuzhi, who has been adhering to Yaozhi for forty years, with the spirit of "six sutras to rebuke me to open up my life, seven feet from the sky to be buried alive", from the philosophical, political, historical aspects of in-depth research, leaving behind millions of words of the emperor's great book, is a collection of Huxiang culture that inherits the past and the future.

Scholars generally recognize that Wang Fuzhi was a great thinker, philosopher, historian, writer, and aesthetician of the Ming and Qing dynasties in the 17th century, who wrote a lot of works in his lifetime, was extremely knowledgeable, drowned in the history of the classics, and mastered the six arts, such as philosophy, history, literature, political science and law, ethics, etc., all of which were profoundly accomplished, astronomy, calendar, medical science, martial arts, and even divination and astrology, and also paid attention to the "Western Studies" introduced at that time. His philosophical thinking has reached a broad, profound and detailed height, and his level of theoretical thinking is comparable to that of Western thinkers at that time.

His writings have survived in about 73 kinds and 401 volumes, mainly including "Zhou Yi Wai Biography", "Zhou Yi Nei Biography", "Shang Shu Introduction", "Poetry Guangchuan", "Continuation of the Spring and Autumn Zuo Clan Biography", "Spring and Autumn Theory", "Reading the Four Books", "Zhang Zizheng Meng's Notes", "Si Qing Lu", "Lao Zi Yan", "Zhuangzi Tong", "Xiangzong Luosuo", "Yellow Book", "Nightmare", "Reading Through Theory", "Song Theory", "Yongli Shilu", etc., and there are about 20 kinds of scattered works.

Wang Fuzhi's research can be described as all-encompassing, and even has a unique insight into social economy, commercial functions, and currency circulation, and puts forward "indoctrination through the world, and there is no intercourse between the upper and lower levels" ("Funayama Quanshu", vol. 12, "Nightmare").

Yuelu Book Club has collected, revised, republished, and reprinted several times, so that Wang Fuzhi's works have been compiled into 16 volumes of the Chuanshan Quanshu, which are widely circulated today, converging with a prominent science of ancient culture collation and research.

In the late Qing Dynasty, Zeng Guofan greatly admired Wang Fuzhi and his writings, and after conquering the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, he published a large number of "Ship Mountain Testaments" in Jinling. The Chuanshan theory has not only become the cultural heritage of the Confucian generals of the Xiang Army, but also an important cultural resource for the rise of Huxiang culture.

Tan Sitong and Mao Zedong, representative figures of modern Huxiang culture, were deeply influenced by Chuanshan Thought.

Tan Sitong pushed him heavily and said, "For five hundred years, the deceased who can really reach the heavens, the one who is also on Funayama." ”

Mao Zedong praised him, saying: "There is a Hegel in the West and a King Ship Mountain in the East." ”

As the integrator of Chinese naïve materialist thought and the forerunner of Chinese Enlightenment thought, Wang Fuzhi is called the Gemini constellation of Eastern and Western philosophy together with Hegel. The spirit of Chuanshan has also become a spiritual source of Huxiang culture.

Wang Fuzhi's propositions have been applied through the ages, and he also insists on seeking truth from facts. As a student of Yuelu Academy and a disciple of Wu Daoxing, who "takes Zhu Zhang as the Sect of the Tao", he not only fully affirmed the orthodox academic status of Cheng Zhu Lixue, but also questioned or even denied many theoretical and academic issues, such as his belief that Zhou Dunyi's "Taiji Tushu" focused on the issue of "the unity of heaven and man", but did not clearly distinguish the relationship between man and all things, even if Ercheng and Zhu Xi elaborated on the "meaning of reason and distinction", but did not explain human development and its subjective initiative. He also stressed that Zhang Zai, another founder of Science in Shaanxi, solved this problem.

He boldly criticized the theoretical defects of his predecessors, which promoted the development of Confucianism, and fit the preaching spirit of Han Yu's saying that "disciples do not have to be inferior to teachers, teachers do not have to be inferior to disciples, there is a precedence in hearing the Tao, and there is a specialization in the art." Only in this way can we innovate and make the Huxiang culture develop better, rather than always carrying the bowl of rice of the old ancestors, picking up people's teeth and wisdom, and resting on their laurels. This is also in line with Yuelu Academy's emphasis on the spirit of seeking truth from facts. Yuelu Academy, after Wang Fuzhi, adhering to this spirit, cultivated a group of reformed ministers and reform talents through Bang Jishi, and achieved the peak status of Yuelu Academy in the history of modern and contemporary education in China.

Zhang Zai's Hengqu thought of "establishing a heart for heaven and earth, establishing a destiny for the people, continuing to learn for the saints, and opening up peace for all the worlds" also influenced him to be inclusive, carry forward the traditional Zhu Zhang Theory, and open up a new situation.

It can be said that Wang Fuzhi is the peak of Huxiang culture, which is comparable to Zhou Dunyi, Zhu Xi and Zhang Yu in Chinese academic history. Although he was only a student who came out of Yuelu Academy, he illuminated the Yuelu Academy, which has been passed down for thousands of years, with his brilliant achievements. His life and legend are the best examples of Yuelu Academy's achievement of talents and the preaching of the people.

The documentary "Yuelu Academy" uses an episode of "Preaching", which specifically shows Wang Fuzhi, interspersed with his marriage, teacher inheritance, dating, scientific expeditions, career paths, etc., to highlight his last perseverance, Weicheng Avenue, far-reaching influence. There are stories, connotations, love, love, and full of strong human feelings, even if they are reunited with the old friends of The Qing Dynasty later, they are also tearing everyone's attention in the sighs and sighs.

There are several details in the film, which are not entirely derived from the records in the historical materials, and can be said to be an informal artistic creation of major events and small sections. If it is true that he is good at drinking, but after getting drunk at the Xie Shi feast in the township test, it can be seen that he has a strong sense of merit and is finally able to enter the joy of the voucher. If he had the support of his beloved wife, it was a fact that he came to Yuelu Academy to seek knowledge, but the early death of his beloved wife led to his infinite sentimentality and desolation in his later years, somewhat artistic, in fact, after the disappearance of his wife and stepwife Fanghua, he married three times when he knew the destiny of heaven, which was not necessarily too desolate. However, these details make the image of Funayama in the single line of the academic book appear plump and three-dimensional. Another example is the death of Wu Daoxing, highlighting the fierceness and persistence of Hu Xiangshizi, which directly affected Wang Fuzhi's insistence on tying his hair in his later years, shame and the Qing court, and even wearing the robe and official hat of the small imperial court of the Southern Ming Yongli that he had always preserved before his death, expressing his feelings for the Ming Dynasty and confucian Taoism until death.

Where is the home country? Where is the world? In the rupture and reconstruction of social order in the Ming and Qing dynasties, Wang Fuzhi's pursuit and practice, without regret and change of original intention, this is his life journey, but also the way of Chuanshan.

The Way of Funayama is the way of the spirit, the way of thought, the way of humanities and the way of the university. This spirit represented by Wang Fuzhi was inherited and enriched in Yuelu Academy, shaping the Yuelu Academy in the new era and influencing a large number of Chinese who aspired to change the fate of the nation.

[Editor-in-charge: Liu Hanlu]

[Source: Hunan Daily· New Hunan Client]