The scenery actually resembles the imperial capital, and the lotus flower Haizi recalls Shengping.
The sideburns of the bridge are still gone, and the songs outside the building are drunk.
The southern crossing should think about the past, and the northern return end is afraid of the next life.
The Yellow River is hard to stop the gold, and there are tens of thousands of journeys in the world at dusk.
—— "The Scene of the South Lake" Chen Yinke, summer 1938, written in Mengzi, Yunnan.
1927-1937.
In the past 10 years, Chen Yinke, who was then the tutor of Tsinghua Guoguo College, often died.
At 11:00 a.m. on June 2, 1927, a generation of Confucian Kingdom Wei leapt towards the shore of Kunming Lake in front of the Summer Palace.
A loud "flutter" sounded, and a tight ripple appeared.
When the body was being recovered, Wang's head was deeply inserted into the silt pile and died of exhaustion.
The whole process, however, takes 2 minutes.
The day before Wang Guowei committed suicide, he paced to the Chen Residence at No. 36, TsinghuaYuan West Courtyard, and talked to Chen Yinke until late afternoon.
After Wang Guowei's death, Chen Yinke personally wrote the "Monument to Mr. Wang Jing'an of Haining".
When the world was arguing endlessly about the reason for Wang's self-indulgence, he said:
"When a cultural value declines, those who are transformed by this culture will feel pain, and the greater the amount of its expression of this culture, the greater the suffering it will suffer."
When Chiang Kai-shek's Northern Expedition army broke through bamboo, it was also the day when Ye Dehui, Wang Baoxin, and other old-fashioned confucians beheaded.
On January 19, 1929, Liang Qichao, who helped Chen Yinke enter Tsinghua Guoguo College, closed his eyes forever at Peking Union Medical College Hospital.
Previously, Liang Qichao underwent a renal resection operation.
It was a journey to cure the disease, but it became an act of self-destruction.
Due to the doctor's misjudgment, Liang Qichao's healthy right kidney was cut, leaving the broken left kidney to maintain life.
Xu Zhimo, a student, was furious when he learned that the teacher had "lost his waist in vain" and wrote an article criticizing Xiehe.
However, at that time, Western medicine had just landed in China, and the foundation was not stable.
In order to support the scientific medical system, Liang Qichao refused all compensation and issued a document to excuse Concordia.
With life, pave the way for "Mr. Sai's" trip to China.
However, faith and mind alone are not enough to save lives.
Shortly after Chiang Kai-shek defeated the Fengzhi warlords and took control of Beiping.
Liang Qichao passed away.
Since then, the "four great teachers" of Tsinghua Guoguo College (Chen Yinke, Wang Guowei, Liang Qichao, and Zhao Yuanren) have gone to the second.
One died with the old learning, and the other persuaded Western medicine to die.
By 1937, after two colleagues, Chen Yinke's father, Chen Sanli, drove to hexi.
As one of the four sons of the late Qing Dynasty, Chen Sanli, the fate of his home country is tied to his own body, and he feels empathy.
During the September 18 Incident, he cried out in a dream: "Kill the Japanese!" ”
The sudden sound woke up the family.
After the Rikou launched the Lugou Bridge Incident, Chen Sanli became seriously ill. By the fall of Peiping (July 29), the situation had deteriorated.
But he refused to take decoction pills.
The most important thing every day is the situation of the Sino-Japanese war.
The family had no choice but to make up some fake "good news" and coax the old man to put more medicinal soup.
However, the results were minimal.
On September 14, 1937, Chen Sanli died in Beiping at the age of 85.
Before dying, he asked Chen Yinke:
"The rumor outside that we won the battle at Machang (Hebei place name) is true and false..."
After Chen Sanli's death, the situation in Peiping was tense.
In the Tsinghua Garden, gunshots can be heard from time to time.
At that time, there was already a post from Rikou inviting Chen Yinke to the banquet.
Chen Yinke knew very well that Beiping could not stay for long.
If you stay, you will either die or you will be bereaved.
At this time of distress, Chen Yinke's vision in his right eye dropped sharply, and he was diagnosed with retinal detachment.
The doctor's advice is surgery.
However, surgery requires recuperation and takes a long time.
Chen Yinke refused to teach in the occupied areas.
After a hard weighing, he made a decision.
In the early morning of November 3, 1937, the weather was cold.
Chen Yinke took his wife and daughter and boarded the train to Tianjin.
At the time, he was 47 years old.
The eldest daughter is 9 years old, the second daughter is 7 years old, and the youngest daughter is only 4 months old.
Their names are --
Liuqiu (Ryukyu Islands), Kopeng (Penghu Islands) and Miyan.
Chen Yinke, chose to leave Beiping.
Before leaving Beiping, Chen Yinke carried some of his books with him, and some of them were packed into boxes and mailed to Hunan. Later, this batch of books to Hunan was burned in the Changsha fire.
In 1936-37, he published 16 papers at Tsinghua Garden.
Since then, the days of doing academic work with peace of mind have never returned.
A family of 5 squeezed onto the train to Tianjin, which was shoulder to shoulder and had little room to move.
At this point, a long escape trip began.
They traveled to Qingdao, Jinan, Xuzhou, Zhengzhou, and Hankou.
Arrived in Changsha late at night on November 20.
Also in November, Taiyuan, Shanghai, and Suzhou fell one after another.
Xie Jinyuan's "Eight Hundred" only added a touch of tragedy and grandeur to the defeated and retreating Nationalist army.
In December, Nanjing, the capital of the Nationalist government, fell.
After that, the Japanese army carried out 6 weeks of horrific massacres here.
Corpses were strewn across the field, and rivers of blood flowed.
In January 1938, Changsha Provisional University decided to move west to Kunming and change its name to Southwest United University.
Chen Yinke immediately decided to move west with the school.
He sent his daughter through Guangxi to Hong Kong, preparing to re-enter Kunming through the Annanhai Defense.
In Hong Kong, his young daughter suddenly had a high fever, and his wife, Tang Yun, suffered a heart attack and was exhausted due to a series of bumps.
On January 30, 1938, Chen Yinke's family spent their first Chinese New Year's Eve night in Hong Kong.
At the Tuan Nian dinner table, only a small portion of braised pork is meat dishes, and the rest are all vegetarian dishes.
In mid-April, the opening of the United Nations General Assembly is imminent.
Chen Yinke bid farewell to his wife and daughter, and together with Pu Xuefeng, Zhang Yinlin and others, he left Hong Kong on the Jiaying steamship and took an annam (i.e., Vietnam) to Yunnan.
When crossing the South China Sea Defense, the two boxes of books he carried with him were dropped by thieves.
This is the second time he has lost books after the Changsha fire.
The books were filled with his annotations in small letters with fly heads. As long as it is slightly sorted out, it is a batch of treatises of great academic value.
Twenty years of hard work, once lost.
Soon after entering Yunnan, he contracted malaria and fell ill.
On May 19, 1938, Xuzhou fell.
The tortured Chen Yinke wrote a poem "Residual Spring" during his illness:
It said: "The family is destroyed and the country is broken, but the guest house is cold in spring but like autumn." ”
At that time, the living conditions of the United Nations General Assembly were extremely simple.
There was only a bed, a table, a wooden chair and a coal lamp.
Mosquitoes are rampant, almost "opening flies in".
In addition, the Japanese bombed repeatedly.
From time to time, you need to "run the alarm".
Chen Yinke's right eye is blind, and his left eye is also poor in vision, and his mobility is extremely inconvenient.
Whenever the spiked alarm sounded, Fu Sinian rushed upstairs, picked up the thin Chen Yinke, and stumbled to the air raid shelter.
The scene is both comical and poignant.
But it is precisely this environment that stimulates the sense of responsibility and strong motivation of scholars to govern their studies.
In the days when he "went into the soil for safety" from time to time, Chen Yinke completed the "Brief Treatise on the Origin of the Sui and Tang Dynasties System", "After Reading the Book of Luoyang Jialan", "The Preface to the Compilation of Inscriptions Written in the Dunhuang Stone Chamber", and the "Preface to the Examination of Dianqian Buddhism in the Ming Dynasty".
At that time, the faculty members of the United Nations General Assembly also formed a deep "friendship of hardships".
However, even though he was immersed in teaching, there were confidants such as Wu Mi, Deng Guangming, Zheng Tianting, and Yao Congwu on the side.
It was also difficult to resist his longing for his distant wife and daughter.
Once, Chen Yinke saw a Miao woman at the market, carrying a baby girl on her back, with large eyes and slightly fat cheeks.
Chen Yinke unconsciously looked at it a few more times, and the wood was in place.
The woman noticed that he had some evil intentions, and immediately turned and left.
Chen Yinke's grief came from it.
In fact, he just remembered his young daughter Meiyan.
At this time, living in Hong Kong, meiyan, who was thinking about him, was suffering from a hundred-day cough.
As soon as Chen Yinke received his salary every month, he immediately exchanged it into Vietnamese currency and sent it to Hong Kong.
At that time, the salaries of the faculty of the Southwest United University fell by a third. And because the currency continues to depreciate, wives and daughters can get less and less money.
Because of their lack of money, they moved twice.
After the summer vacation of the United Nations General Assembly, Chen Yinke went to Hong Kong for the first time to see his wife and daughter.
That day, he was startled.
Because the little daughter Meiyan, who was originally white and fat and big-eyed, has been thin enough to judge the two of them.
In the spring of 1939, Oxford University officially issued a letter of appointment to Chen Yinke.
At 4:45 a.m. on September 1 of the same year, Hitler's 53 divisions and 1,600 aircraft crossed the Polish border.
The curtain of World War II officially began.
The British Isles immediately entered a state of war, and Chen Yinke's appointment had to be postponed for 1 year. (Later, due to war and blindness, Chen Yinke finally did not go to Oxford to teach))
A year later, the communication line from Annan to Yunnan was broken, and Chen Yinke stayed in Hong Kong and was hired as a visiting professor by HKU.
On December 7, 1941, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, the Pacific War broke out, and 18 days later, Hong Kong fell.
As soon as the Japanese entered the city, they took over the University of Hong Kong, and Chen Yinke immediately resigned from all positions at the University.
After that, Hong Kong's large-denomination banknotes were not allowed to pass, schools were closed, factories were shut down, shops were closed, and food was scarce. Chen Yinke's family, like the citizens, received 624 yuan (200 grams) of grain rationed every day on a sixteen-two scale system.
Sweet potatoes under the pot, often with belt roots;
The rice is semi-dry and thin;
Duck eggs, eaten by 5 people.
The Japanese set up many checkpoints on the road, each of which hung Japanese road signs, and every day people who did not understand Japanese were stabbed to death or shot by bayonets.
One night, near the "Qialu" where Chen Yinke's family lived, there was a sudden burst of miserable crying.
The next day, it was learned that all five daughters of a neighbor had been raped by Japanese soldiers.
Mr. and Mrs. Chen Yinke immediately cut the hair of the eldest daughter and the second daughter short, and put on a suit to dress up as a boy.
Mrs. Chen also used a light-colored cloth to write the name, date of birth, and contact information of relatives and friends of the young daughter Meiyan on it, hoping that in case she was separated, someone could adopt her and send her back.
One day not long ago, a person who did not know each other brought a large bag of flour to the Chen family.
After Mrs. Chen prevaricated with him for a long time, the man put down the powder and ran.
Later, the bag of flour was distributed by Mr. and Mrs. Chen Yinke to the neighbors who were also in distress.
Chen Junbao, a colleague and friend of Chen's at HKU, once entrusted Chen Yinke with 16 kilograms of rice and 7 cans of canned meat.
On the second day, the person entrusted to him came back and told Chen Junbao: "It is said that he has been starving for two or three days, and he is devastated by this." ”
After the fall of Hong Kong, the starving and impoverished Chen Yinke leaned on the bed to read the 12 volumes of the "Records of the Year since Jianyan" written by Li Xinchuan in the Song Dynasty.
Jianyan was the era name of Emperor Gaozong of Song.
In that year, the Song Dynasty was invaded by the Jin people, the flesh and bones were disorganized, the people were lost, and the Hui and Qin Emperors were detained and bound to the north.
How similar the scene of that year is to the present dynasty.
Chen Yinke writes at the end of book 12:
"Although the books collected by the family and the school in the past were far better than the books collected by this book, it was still a peaceful world to read at that time, so it was not as kind and interesting as reading this book today."
The more "cordial" it is, the more difficult it is.
As Japan occupied Hong Kong for longer, food was woefully scarce.
Once, Chen Yinke's two daughters went to the street to buy tofu, and suddenly rushed out of an emaciated and Sven-looking young man, who grabbed raw tofu, sucked it with his lips, and swallowed it from his mouth to his throat.
None of the people present spoke.
In the spring of 1942, a person who called himself Chen Yinke's "old student" came to persuade him to surrender on behalf of a pseudo-organization, but Chen Yinke sternly refused;
After that, Wang Jingwei's wife Chen Bijun sent a representative and a pseudo-principal to persuade Chen Yinke to fall into the water;
Chen Yinke's colleague Qian Daosun (who has fallen into the water) at Tsinghua University, with a monthly salary of 1,000 yuan, asked Chen Yinke to go north to serve the pseudo-Peking University;
The Japanese governor in Hong Kong, took out 200,000 military tickets (equivalent to HK$400,000) and asked Chen Yinke to organize the East Asian Cultural Association in Hong Kong...
Chen Yinke said in a letter to Fu Sinian: "Spiritual suffering is tempted by the Wang puppet organization in Guangzhou, the ferocity of Chen Bijun, and the pseudo-'Peking University' in Beiping with counterfeit currency and thousands of yuan to lure ... Although they have all refused, they can leave Hong Kong without travel expenses. ”
In another letter to Fu Si Nian, he said bluntly: "I am afraid that I will not have the opportunity to see my brother." ”
Finally, with the assistance of Zhu Jiahua, president of academia sinica, Chen Yinke's departure from Hong Kong was put on the agenda.
Before leaving, he gave away some of his clothes and shoes to pay off his debts.
On May 5, 1942, on a sweltering and humid early morning, Chen Yinke's family left Hong Kong.
In June, Yamamoto's combined fleet was severely damaged by the commander of the U.S. Pacific Navy, Nimitz, at Midway, and the four aircraft carriers of Soryu, Wyvern, Akagi, and Kazuru were sunk, and countless outstanding pilots were buried in the sea.
Since then, the strategic advantage accumulated by the Japanese sneak attack on Pearl Harbor has never returned.
On August 15, 1945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender.
In the year of Japan's surrender, Chen Yinke was 56 years old, and his only remaining left eye was finally blind.
In the late autumn of a year later, Chen Yinke, who traveled to Guangxi, Chengdu, England and the United States, returned to Tsinghua Garden after an 8-year absence.
One day, a man in his early 30s trotted all the way from the South Gate of Tsinghua University to the Staff Dormitory no. 53 of the New Forest Academy. The man knocked on the door and gave a salute to Mrs. Chen, who was talking to a friend, and when she saw the man coming, she immediately said:
"Go fast, he's waiting for you."
Waiting for the guest in the inner room was Chen Yinke.
The man who came was a lecturer in the History Department of Tsinghua University, named Wang Yongxing; he resolutely changed his studies to history because he listened to a lesson by Chen Yinke at a temporary university.
Chen Yinke told Wang Yongxing: "I want to open a course in the history department, and Another course in the Chinese department." ”
Wang Yongxing dissuaded him on the grounds that he was still weak.
He smiled and said, "I'm a teacher, I'm not asked to start a class, so how can I be called a teacher?" ”
After returning to Tsinghua, Wang Yongxing, along with Peking University associate professor Wang Qi, served as an assistant to Chen Yinke, who was blind in both eyes.
Wang Yongxing lived outside the city, and Wang lived in the cubicle behind the blackboard in Chen Yinke's home, separated by only a piece of cloth.
Later, Tsinghua suddenly arranged housing for Wang Yongxing, the environmental conditions were very good, and it was only ten minutes away from Chen Zhao; many years later, Wang Yongxing learned that his teacher wrote a letter to Mei Yiqi, the principal of Tsinghua, saying: "If Mr. Wang does not have suitable housing, then his sacrifice is too great, and his brother is deeply uneasy." ”
I knew why Tsinghua had arranged a place for himself alone when many people were queuing up to squeeze their scalps.
Zhou Liang, who was then a professor in the Department of Foreign Languages at Tsinghua University, also often came to visit Chen Yinke, and the two walked side by side, talking about learning and the current situation, and had a deep friendship. Chen Yinke's "Interpretation and Inference of the WeiShu Sima Rui Chuan Jiangdong Ethnic Articles" written in the 1930s recalls the scene of academic discussion with Zhou Zhouliang.
With the help of assistants and friends, chen Yinke, who was blind, continued to engage in teaching and research by relying on ear listening and dictation.
Winters in Peiping are exceptionally cold.
When the biting wind stained everything in the northern country silver, Chen Yinke's family was worried about coal money.
Hu Shi, the president of Peking University, knew that Chen Yinke was afraid of cold, and he also knew his poverty.
So he ordered someone to send Chen Yinke us dollars to subsidize his family.
Whether in "shape" or "intention", this amount is an appropriate "charcoal in the snow".
But Chen Yinke did not want to accept it in vain, and in the end, he donated a car of books on oriental studies that he treasured to Peking University, including the Great Dictionary of St. Petersburg Van Derek, the Pali Tibetan Classic, the Mongolian Tuzhi, and the Turkic Dictionary. These books inspired countless students of Oriental linguistics, including Ji Xianlin, who later wrote a lot.
At the end of 1948, the autumn leaves of The Western Mountains had just ended.
The 470,000 national troops in the northeast have been completely annihilated, and Shenyang has been liberated.
Similar to the fierce fighting on the front line, in the rear, the Nationalist government began a plan to "rob the scholars" without stopping.
Chen Yinke was among them, and in the ranks of "first to grab out", Hu Shi, who had delivered charcoal in the snow, had prepared a plane for him.
One night, Chen Yinke asked Wang Yongxing if he could go home later, and he wanted Wang Yongxing to help him pack his bags:
"I still teach in the South, and you know exactly what books I use. You put all my books in a box. ”
"Mr. Chen Xujing and Mr. Wang Li, president of Lingnan University, invited me to Lingnan University (now Sun Yat-sen University) to stay in Nanjing for a few days and then go to Guangzhou; the weather in Guangzhou is good, and the natural environment of Lingnan University is good, so I can live for a long time and not go anywhere else."
In January 1949, the army of Chiang Kai-shek's last ace, Du Yuming, was defeated by General Su Yu's East China Field Army at Chen Guanzhuang.
Since then, it is only a matter of time before the elite of the nationalist army has been completely lost and defeated.
In October, the Founding of New China was founded.
One day in early July 1962, chen Yinke slipped in the bathtub on the 2nd floor of No. 1 Southeast District of Sun Yat-sen University; the school doctor heard the news and came, this year, Chen Yinke was 72 years old.
The diagnosis was a fracture of the femoral neck of the right leg.
The "blindness and footlessness" mentioned in the preface of "Liu Ru is a Biography" finally all came to Chen Yinke's life.
At that time, Chen Yinke had left the podium for 4 years.
He lived in a corner, and when he heard people call himself an "old antique", he was not angry, and he did not want students to come to congratulate him every New Year's Day, and only wrote with the assistance of his assistants.
Write a poem: "Close the door and high eyes to greet the guest, let him laugh and let him be angry." ”
In his later years, Chen Yinke always kept a distance from reality.
As early as 1953, the Historical Research Committee decided to set up three research institutes, ancient, medieval, modern, and proposed to invite Guo Moruo, Chen Yinke, and Fan Wenlan to serve as the directors of these three institutes.
Chen Yinke insisted on not being allowed.
At that time, Wang Qi, who had lived behind the small blackboard of the Chen family in Tsinghua Garden, went south to ask the teacher to go north to take up his post.
After a conversation, Chen Yinke said, "You are not my student, get me out." ”
Later, he specially wrote a letter asking Wang To bring it back to the north.
The letter said: "Whether it is Monday Liang or Wang Yongxing, from my point of view, it is my student, otherwise it is not." ”
He instructed Wang: "You must bring my opinions no more and no less to the Academy of Sciences." ”
After that, he deleted the passage related to Zhou Liang in the "Interpretation and Inference of the Jiangdong Ethnic Articles transmitted by Sima Rui of wei shu", because his proud protégé was in the "Liang Xiao" team of the "Gang of Four" at that time, using the pen bar as a weapon to wave the flag and shout.
In the autumn and winter of 1966, the weather in Lingnan was not as cold as in the north, but it was frighteningly cold in Kangyuan.
Countless large white posters were plastered all over No. 1 Southeast District, where Chen Yinke lived.
From a distance, the house looks like a coffin, eerie and eerie.
Loudspeaker, from time to time out of the voice criticizing Chen Yinke.
They called him a "reactionary academic authority" and, worse, asked him to "go to God with a granite head."
In the last years of his life, Chen Yinke, who was blind and had broken his legs, had completely lost his ability to take care of himself.
Once, when the nurse grabbed his shoulder and turned over for him, Chen Yinke suddenly asked the nurse who "can't read":
"What exactly is reactionary?"
In January 1969, Chen Yinke was ordered to move out of Building 1, Southeast District, where he had lived for 16 years.
At about 5:00 a.m. on October 7, Chen Yinke died of illness at the age of 79.
Chen Yinke's daughters recall their parents' "Also with Joy and Sorrow" recorded such a past event:
After returning to Tsinghua Garden in 1946, one day, Chen Yinke asked his youngest daughter: "You often play around the campus, have you ever seen a monument to Mr. Wang Jing'an of Haining?" ”
The little daughter replied, "I didn't find it." ”
Chen Yinke was confused and told his daughter the general location.
Sure enough, the daughter found the stone tablet next to a small dirt slope not far northwest inside the old school gate.
After returning home, she told Chen Yinke: "The color of the stele stone is gray and old, and the small characters on the back are difficult to read. ”
In fact, although these small characters are gray and dark, the content of what they say has long been circulated and will not decay with the stele.
There is a paragraph above:
"The doctrine of the gentleman may sometimes be discussable, but this independent spirit, the free mind, has been with the heavens and the earth for a long time, and there are three lights and eternal light."
The so-called "independent spirit, free thought" is often embodied in "choice".
In particular, when the oppressive feeling of history and the times comes to the fore, can we maintain the belief in our hearts? Will you stick to your word?
If you insist, are you willing to bear the price and not waver?
Chen Yinke's choices in the times, each of them are from the heart:
Leave Beiping and go to Southwest United University;
Leaving Hong Kong and returning to Tsinghua Garden;
Refused to go to Taiwan and went to Lingnan University.
The result of these choices, to borrow a phrase from Mr. Lu Jiandong:
"All the sufferings of displacement have been transformed into sighs of rise and fall, and their body odor has long since gone beyond the pain of life and has the connotation of cultural prosperity and decline."
But this kind of pain and sorrow precisely embodies the literati style and independent personality of an intellectual.
In today's utilitarian, pragmatic, and economical world, many "obsolete morals" have been forgotten, abandoned, and even ridiculed.
The pure are dismissed as "stupid" and idealism is dismissed as "naïve."
Water-filled papers, unethical professors, are rampant.
Seeing this scene, I only hope that the "Monument to Mr. Haining Wang Jing'an" in Tsinghua Garden will no longer be "gray and old".
Author: Cynicism
Editor-in-Charge: Willow Leaf Nagging