Transferred from "Songshan Zhai"
Chinese auspicious culture has a great relationship with classical furniture, auspicious culture was formally formed in the Tang Dynasty during the Wu Zetian period, when the monk Bai Yunzi wrote a book "Ji Rui", which divided Rui into five grades:
The first class is Jiarui, a unicorn, phoenix, dragon, turtle, white tiger and other sacred beasts, which are the highest level of auspiciousness.
The second class is Darui, which refers to various natural phenomena and has a wide range. For example, mountains, seawaters, the sun, the moon, stars, clouds, etc. There are also some phenomena that violate the laws of nature, such as cattle giving birth to teeth.
The third class is Shangrui, which refers to all kinds of animals, all white-haired, red-haired, pale and black-haired animals are Rui.
The fourth class is Sino-Swiss, which refers to all kinds of birds, all white-haired, red-haired, pale feathers, and black-haired birds are Rui, and colorful birds are also Rui, such as peacocks.
The fifth class is Xia Rui, which generally refers to various plants, such as Ganoderma lucidum, ginseng and other herbs. In Taoism, herbal medicine is divided into three categories: upper, middle and lower, with medicine to nourish nature, Chinese medicine to nourish life, and medicine to cure diseases.
Ming Dynasty Huanghuali twig pattern rounded corner cabinet
During the Yongzheng period, auspiciousness was more abundant, and jade products, antiques, and Buddhist artifacts also belonged to auspiciousness.
Mr. Hu Desheng believes that auspicious rui should not be regarded as superstition, this is a kind of culture, and the ideological concept embodied in the decorative patterns of Chinese classical furniture is auspicious culture. More than ten years ago, he elaborated on the auspicious culture in classical furniture in "Traditional Furniture and Traditional Concepts".
The dragon pattern, the dragon is one of the five spirits, and it was gradually used as a metaphor for the king after the Qin and Han dynasties, so the utensils decorated with the dragon pattern were dedicated to the emperor, of which the yellow dragon was the highest level.
The tiger dragon is a kind of hornless dragon, and the tiger dragon is commonly used in Ming-style furniture, with smooth lines, beautiful movements, fresh and lively.
Rosewood dragon circle chair
Kui Long, ancient bronze commonly used Kui pattern, to the Qing Dynasty, furniture decoration also uses Kui pattern, hard angle bending, vigorous and powerful, commonly known as "abduction dragon".
At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Huanghuali had a girdle, horseshoe legs, and a dragon pattern eight immortal square table
In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the red sandalwood carved dragon pattern Taishi chair
Lion pattern, the lion has been regarded as auspicious in the past dynasties, in the furniture, mostly expressed in the heart of the screen, commonly known as "the treasure map of the Tibetan people" or "the tribute map", etc., borrowing the metaphor of "the peace of the world" and "Xianning of all countries".
Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty mahogany inlaid luodian three lions into the treasure map interstitial
Ruixiang, also to "all countries to the Dynasty map", "Fan people into the treasure map" or "Gong Gong map" mostly, in the Ming and Qing Dynasty furniture, elephant pattern decoration is common.
Elephant pattern
Qilin, "Fan people into the treasure map" often have the image of the unicorn, the Qing Dynasty auspicious pattern and "Qilin send the child map", a metaphor for life is virtuous, then the early birth of a noble son.
Kirin
The white deer, combined with the pine tree, is said to be "pine deer in the same spring", and the crane is combined with the crane to be used in the same spring, and sometimes it is also combined with the birthday star, which is said to be "Lushou Kangning".
Seahorses, also known as hippos, were said to be dragons and horses in ancient times, and hippos were regarded as auspicious throughout the ages. There is an existing red sandalwood flat-headed case in the Forbidden City, and the inter-leg baffle is open-carved with the pattern of "Hippopotamus Negative Picture".
Phoenix, in the application of furniture is very common, "Feng Ming Chaoyang" Yu Gaocai, "Luan Feng and Ming" for the wedding words.
The pheasant, that is, the golden chicken, is more decorated on the screen and cabinet furniture, symbolizing the upright observance of the festival.
Late Ming Dynasty Huanghuali wood carved phoenix peony pattern mirror table
Mandarin ducks symbolize the love and loyalty of husband and wife.
Bat pattern, the image of the bat is regarded as a symbol of happiness, homophonic with "Fu", the combination of bat and cloud pattern, the metaphor of "Hongfu Qitian", and the combination of the word "longevity", metaphor "five blessings to hold longevity".
Blessings to the sky
Sycamore, known as Ruimu, often has the image of a sycamore tree in the trees and stones carved in the screens and cabinets.
Pine, plum and bamboo are all cold-tolerant plants, and are commonly known as "three friends of the cold".
The pine tree, which can withstand the wind and snow, is evergreen in all seasons, and has been known as a symbol of "longevity" in the past dynasties.
Plum blossoms, plum can send new branches on the old stem, and can bloom in the cold, so the ancients used it to symbolize immortality. The five-petal folk of plum blossoms are also used to express "five blessings". Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, the plum blossom pattern is people's favorite allegorical ornament.
Bamboo, bamboo symbolizes not rigid and soft, easy to breed, fast growth, the ancients often referred to many descendants.
Three friends of the year
Woody folded flowers, common plum blossoms, peach blossoms, begonia flowers, pomegranate flowers, osmanthus flowers, pine, bamboo, plum, etc., most of them are decorated on screens, box surfaces, cabinet doors, or carving, or inlay, or painting, all kinds of usage.
Ganoderma lucidum, known as fairy grass in the world, myths and legends Ganoderma lucidum is an immortal medicine, and taking it has the effect of resurrecting the dead. Coupled with the rendering of Confucianism and Taoism in the past dynasties, it has increased the mystery of Ganoderma lucidum, and it has become an auspicious object worshiped by emperors and their followers in the past dynasties.
Ganoderma lucidum pattern large painting case
Lotus, also known as lotus. Buddhism and Taoism use lotus flowers as symbols, representing the "Pure Land", symbolizing "purity" and meaning "auspiciousness". The folk use the lotus flower as a metaphor for the "gentleman".
lotus
At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Huanghuali was inlaid with a square corner cabinet with a hundred treasure flower and bird patterns, and the two door panels were inlaid with magpies, plum blossoms, mountain stones, peonies, ribbons and lotus flowers by the process of Baibao inlay.
Peony symbolizes wealth. In the past dynasties, peony was used as a strange flower, and it was often decorated with daily utensils.
Chrysanthemum, also known as autumn flowers, "Shennong Book" called chrysanthemum as a nourishing medicine, can lose weight and prolong life. Chrysanthemums were praised as hermits throughout the ages, and chrysanthemum motifs were often used to decorate furniture.
Qing Qianlong red sandalwood inlaid with a hundred treasures chrysanthemum pattern pen holder
The tangled branch flower is a traditional auspicious ornament, because of its continuous structure, so the name "longevity vine", with the meaning of "endless", meaning auspicious. It is usually made of a kind of vine curly grass that has been refined and summarized, which is euphemistic, dynamic, and beautiful and vivid. Originated in the Han Dynasty, it flourished in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The entwined branch pattern is called "entwined branch peony" composed of peony, and the lotus flower is called "entwined branch lotus", and in the late Qing Dynasty, "entwined branch grapes" and "entwined branch gourd" appeared.
Rat Branch Reeds
Western flowers, since the Yongzheng, Qianlong and Jiaqing periods of the Qing Dynasty, have appeared to imitate Western-style architecture and interior decoration. In order to decorate and decorate these Western-style buildings, a large number of furniture decorated with Western-style patterns were made. The expression technique is usually centered on a flower, extending the branches and leaves outward, and can also be extended at will according to the form of the components of the furniture. The flower is a kind of plant that grows in the West, the stem is creeping and grows, the flower is like the Chinese peony, called "passionflower" or "American chrysanthemum", the flower color is light and elegant, from spring to autumn, one after another, the vine will be pressed to the ground in the spring, and the next year is chiseled and planted. According to these characteristics, it can not only be used for large-area board decoration, but also for edge decoration as a twig pattern.
Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty red sandalwood carved West Lotus Taishi chair
Xibankan
Honeysuckle pattern, honeysuckle, commonly known as "honeysuckle", "gold and silver vine", Ling Dong does not wither, so it is also called "honeysuckle". "Compendium of Materia Medica" cloud, honeysuckle, long-term clothing and lightweight, long-term longevity. It is mostly used as Buddhist utensils, and decorative furniture is mostly used for the edge part, taking its longevity and auspicious meaning.
Osmanthus, legend has the laurel tree in the moon, Chang'e makes wine with osmanthus, and it is said that every year on the fifteenth night of August, there are often cinnamon falls, and eating it can live a long life. Most of the osmanthus trees expressed in the pattern have the moon to match, and the name is "longan".
Narcissus, used to decorate furniture in the Ming and Qing dynasties, is often combined with Ganoderma lucidum, and is called "Lingxian Wishing Longevity".
灵仙祝寿
Daylily, also known as forgetfulness grass. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, daily furniture was often decorated with the meaning of "forgetting worries" and "suitable for men".
Moire, most of which symbolize "high ascension" or "ruyi", is widely used and is mostly a foil pattern. The forms include quadruple clouds, ruyi clouds, multi-clouds, flowing clouds, etc. It is often combined with dragon patterns, bat patterns, eight immortals, and eight treasure patterns. In the ideological concept, the moire is often called Qingyun or five-color cloud, Jingyun, Qingyun, and it was thought to be auspicious in ancient times.
The seawater cliff pattern is used more on furniture, and the seawater cliff pattern is matched in the pattern with the dragon pattern. The sea water symbolizes the great river, and in the middle of the sea water pattern stands the mountain rocks, and the combination of the river and the mountain stone symbolizes the river and the mountain. There are double dragons and auspicious clouds on the cliffs of the sea, constituting the allegorical picture of the true dragon Son of Heaven dominating the rivers and mountains. This pattern is widely used not only on furniture, but also on other kinds of daily utensils.
Seawater cliff pattern
Geometric patterns are various patterns composed of various forms of lines or graphics, commonly known as "brocade patterns", which are generally used more on lacquer furniture. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, especially during the Qing dynasty, hardwood furniture was also widely used. The Palace Museum has a collection of black lacquer inlaid snails, which are inlaid with various patterns, including 36 kinds of brocade patterns in various forms.
Geometric pattern
Back pattern, that is, the hollow-shaped ornamentation. The pattern is formed by a point as the center and a square corner surrounding the periphery. The four legs of Qing Dynasty furniture are often decorated with back lines, and there are also continuous back lines for edge decoration, called "back back brocade".
Anagram
The swastika pattern is a kind of charm charm or religious symbol in ancient times. Religion believes that it is a symbol of the sun or fire, and in Sanskrit it means "a collection of auspicious places". It is also believed that it is the Rui Xiang that appears on the chest of Shi Yingmuni, which has the meaning of auspiciousness, good fortune and longevity. In the Tang Dynasty, Wu Zetian lived for two years, and adopted the Chinese character to read "10,000". The four ends extend outward and can evolve a variety of brocade patterns, this kind of chain pattern is often used to imply continuous and Wanfu, longevity does not end the meaning, also called "longevity brocade".
Swastika pattern
Late Ming Huanghuali gathered the swastika pattern around the Arhat bed
Bogu pattern, originated from the Song Dynasty Hui Zong's minister compiled and painted "Xuanhe Bogu Tu", later take the map or decorate the furniture with ancient patterns, so it is named "Bogu Tu". Some add a variety of flowers to the mouth of the utensils, as embellishment, especially in the Qing Dynasty, the use of furniture is more elegant, noble. Under normal circumstances, each group of patterns can form an auspicious word, such as the bottle inserted Ruyi, that is, "peace Ruyi", the bell, sheng, and large bottle combination for "lifelong peace" and so on.
博古纹
Fang Sheng pattern, Fang Sheng is also known as "Jin Sheng", that is, two diamond-shaped pressure angles overlap each other to form a pattern, as an auspicious thing in ancient times. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, it has become one of the common decorative patterns in auspicious patterns.
Fang Shengwen
The true shape of the five mountains, the five mountains refer to the five famous mountains in China. The true shape of the five mountains is the five symbols representing the five famous mountains, and this pattern is sometimes seen in Qing Dynasty furniture. The true shape of the five mountains, with Songyue in the center, the left one is Huayue, the second left is Hengyue, the right one is Taiyue, and the second right is Hengyue. "Hug Puzi" said: "The monk inhabits the hidden valley, and he must get the true shape of the five mountains, and all the demon poison in the mountain can not be approached." The purpose of carving this picture on the furniture, in addition to decoration and beautification, also has the meaning of exorcism and evil spirits, in order to seek home happiness and eternal auspiciousness.
In the true shape of the five mountains, the basic shape of the five mountains
The sea house adds chips, that is, the picture depicts the rough sea, there are fairy mountain pavilions in the sea, the treasure bottle is furnished in the building, the chips are inserted, there are flying cranes in the air, and the mouth is about to add chips to the bottle, and a number of small islands are scattered around the fairy mountain, dotted with pine and cypress to increase the fairy scene of the picture. This story was first seen in Su Shi's "Dongpo Zhilin" in the Song Dynasty: "Legend has it that there are three old men who meet each other and ask each other about their age, and one of them says: I can't remember my year, but I remember that I had an old relationship with Pangu when I was young; One person said that the sea water has become mulberry fields, and I have already filled ten houses, and one person said: The peach I eat, abandon its core under Kunlun Mountain, and now it is in Kunlun Mountain." Legend has it that a chip represents a thousand years old, and later people often decorated the sea house with a chip on their birthday gifts.
Sea House Chips
The eight immortals are Han Zhongli, Lu Dongbin, Zhang Guolao, Cao Guoshu, Tie Guan Li, Han Xiangzi, Lan Caihe, and He Xiangu. The decorative patterns often hide the figures, and only carve out the things in the hands of the eight immortals, commonly known as the "dark eight immortals". Each of the eight treasures represents a different meaning, and when combined, the eight immortals come together, meaning to wish longevity.
Dark Eight Immortals White Drawing
Eight treasure patterns, eight treasures, also known as eight auspicious, are composed of conch, magic wheel, treasure umbrella, white cover, lotus, treasure vase, goldfish, and pangue. The Eight Treasures are the eight kinds of Dharma instruments in Buddhism, which are often used in combination, called "Eight Treasures Shine".
In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the table of eight immortals with red sandalwood grass pattern
The decorative patterns of furniture in the late Qing Dynasty are mostly pieced together into auspicious words with the homophony of the names of various items. For example, two persimmons are combined with Ruyi, or combined with a Ganoderma lucidum, and the name is "everything is good"; bats, Shoushan stone plus Ruyi or Ganoderma lucidum, the name is "Fushou Ruyi"; The treasure bottle is inserted with the name of "peace and happiness"; The combination of bergamot, longevity peach and pomegranate is called "more blessings, more longevity, and more sons"; A full rack of grapes or a full rack of gourds is called "descendants for all generations"; A halberd hangs a jade chime, and a double fish hangs under the jade chime, and the name is "more than auspicious"; The combination of magpie and plum blossom means "happy eyebrows"; The combination of Ganoderma lucidum, narcissus, bamboo shoots, and longevity peaches, the name is "Lingxian Wishing Longevity" and so on.
In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the mahogany inlaid marble Ganoderma lucidum pattern Taishi chair was transferred from "Songshan Zhai"
Chinese auspicious culture has a great relationship with classical furniture, auspicious culture was formally formed in the Tang Dynasty during the Wu Zetian period, when the monk Bai Yunzi wrote a book "Ji Rui", which divided Rui into five grades:
The first class is Jiarui, a unicorn, phoenix, dragon, turtle, white tiger and other sacred beasts, which are the highest level of auspiciousness.
The second class is Darui, which refers to various natural phenomena and has a wide range. For example, mountains, seawaters, the sun, the moon, stars, clouds, etc. There are also some phenomena that violate the laws of nature, such as cattle giving birth to teeth.
The third class is Shangrui, which refers to all kinds of animals, all white-haired, red-haired, pale and black-haired animals are Rui.
The fourth class is Sino-Swiss, which refers to all kinds of birds, all white-haired, red-haired, pale feathers, and black-haired birds are Rui, and colorful birds are also Rui, such as peacocks.
The fifth class is Xia Rui, which generally refers to various plants, such as Ganoderma lucidum, ginseng and other herbs. In Taoism, herbal medicine is divided into three categories: upper, middle and lower, with medicine to nourish nature, Chinese medicine to nourish life, and medicine to cure diseases.
Ming Dynasty Huanghuali twig pattern rounded corner cabinet
During the Yongzheng period, auspiciousness was more abundant, and jade products, antiques, and Buddhist artifacts also belonged to auspiciousness.
Mr. Hu Desheng believes that auspicious rui should not be regarded as superstition, this is a kind of culture, and the ideological concept embodied in the decorative patterns of Chinese classical furniture is auspicious culture. More than ten years ago, he elaborated on the auspicious culture in classical furniture in "Traditional Furniture and Traditional Concepts".
The dragon pattern, the dragon is one of the five spirits, and it was gradually used as a metaphor for the king after the Qin and Han dynasties, so the utensils decorated with the dragon pattern were dedicated to the emperor, of which the yellow dragon was the highest level.
The tiger dragon is a kind of hornless dragon, and the tiger dragon is commonly used in Ming-style furniture, with smooth lines, beautiful movements, fresh and lively.
Rosewood dragon circle chair
Kui Long, ancient bronze commonly used Kui pattern, to the Qing Dynasty, furniture decoration also uses Kui pattern, hard angle bending, vigorous and powerful, commonly known as "abduction dragon".
At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Huanghuali had a girdle horse kicking leg and a dragon pattern eight immortals square table
In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the red sandalwood carved dragon pattern Taishi chair
Lion pattern, the lion has been regarded as auspicious in the past dynasties, in the furniture, mostly expressed in the heart of the screen, commonly known as "the treasure map of the Tibetan people" or "the tribute map", etc., borrowing the metaphor of "the peace of the world" and "Xianning of all countries".
Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty mahogany inlaid luodian three lions into the treasure map interstitial
Ruixiang, also to "all countries to the Dynasty map", "Fan people into the treasure map" or "Gong Gong map" mostly, in the Ming and Qing Dynasty furniture, elephant pattern decoration is common.
Elephant pattern
Qilin, "Fan people into the treasure map" often have the image of the unicorn, the Qing Dynasty auspicious pattern and "Qilin send the child map", a metaphor for life is virtuous, then the early birth of a noble son.
Kirin
The white deer, combined with the pine tree, is said to be "pine deer in the same spring", and the crane is combined with the crane to be used in the same spring, and sometimes it is also combined with the birthday star, which is said to be "Lushou Kangning".
Seahorses, also known as hippos, were said to be dragons and horses in ancient times, and hippos were regarded as auspicious throughout the ages. There is an existing red sandalwood flat-headed case in the Forbidden City, and the inter-leg baffle is open-carved with the pattern of "Hippopotamus Negative Picture".
Phoenix, in the application of furniture is very common, "Feng Ming Chaoyang" Yu Gaocai, "Luan Feng and Ming" for the wedding words.
The pheasant, that is, the golden chicken, is more decorated on the screen and cabinet furniture, symbolizing the upright observance of the festival.
Late Ming Dynasty Huanghuali wood carved phoenix peony pattern mirror table
Mandarin ducks symbolize the love and loyalty of husband and wife.
Bat pattern, the image of the bat is regarded as a symbol of happiness, homophonic with "Fu", the combination of bat and cloud pattern, the metaphor of "Hongfu Qitian", and the combination of the word "longevity", metaphor "five blessings to hold longevity".
Blessings to the sky
Sycamore, known as Ruimu, often has the image of a sycamore tree in the trees and stones carved in the screens and cabinets.
Pine, plum and bamboo are all cold-tolerant plants, and are commonly known as "three friends of the cold".
The pine tree, which can withstand the wind and snow, is evergreen in all seasons, and has been known as a symbol of "longevity" in the past dynasties.
Plum blossoms, plum can send new branches on the old stem, and can bloom in the cold, so the ancients used it to symbolize immortality. The five-petal folk of plum blossoms are also used to express "five blessings". Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, the plum blossom pattern is people's favorite allegorical ornament.
Bamboo, bamboo symbolizes not rigid and soft, easy to breed, fast growth, the ancients often referred to many descendants.
Three friends of the year
Woody folded flowers, common plum blossoms, peach blossoms, begonia flowers, pomegranate flowers, osmanthus flowers, pine, bamboo, plum, etc., most of them are decorated on screens, box surfaces, cabinet doors, or carving, or inlay, or painting, all kinds of usage.
Ganoderma lucidum, known as fairy grass in the world, myths and legends Ganoderma lucidum is an immortal medicine, and taking it has the effect of resurrecting the dead. Coupled with the rendering of Confucianism and Taoism in the past dynasties, it has increased the mystery of Ganoderma lucidum, and it has become an auspicious object worshiped by emperors and their followers in the past dynasties.
Ganoderma lucidum pattern large painting case
Lotus, also known as lotus. Buddhism and Taoism use lotus flowers as symbols, representing the "Pure Land", symbolizing "purity" and meaning "auspiciousness". The folk use the lotus flower as a metaphor for the "gentleman".
lotus
At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Huanghuali was inlaid with a square corner cabinet with a hundred treasure flower and bird patterns, and the two door panels were inlaid with magpies, plum blossoms, mountain stones, peonies, ribbons and lotus flowers by the process of Baibao inlay.
Peony symbolizes wealth. In the past dynasties, peony was used as a strange flower, and it was often decorated with daily utensils.
Chrysanthemum, also known as autumn flowers, "Shennong Book" called chrysanthemum as a nourishing medicine, can lose weight and prolong life. Chrysanthemums were praised as hermits throughout the ages, and chrysanthemum motifs were often used to decorate furniture.
Qing Qianlong red sandalwood inlaid with a hundred treasures chrysanthemum pattern pen holder
The tangled branch flower is a traditional auspicious ornament, because of its continuous structure, so the name "longevity vine", with the meaning of "endless", meaning auspicious. It is usually made of a kind of vine curly grass that has been refined and summarized, which is euphemistic, dynamic, and beautiful and vivid. Originated in the Han Dynasty, it flourished in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The entwined branch pattern is called "entwined branch peony" composed of peony, and the lotus flower is called "entwined branch lotus", and in the late Qing Dynasty, "entwined branch grapes" and "entwined branch gourd" appeared.
Rat Branch Reeds
Western flowers, since the Yongzheng, Qianlong and Jiaqing periods of the Qing Dynasty, have appeared to imitate Western-style architecture and interior decoration. In order to decorate and decorate these Western-style buildings, a large number of furniture decorated with Western-style patterns were made. The expression technique is usually centered on a flower, extending the branches and leaves outward, and can also be extended at will according to the form of the components of the furniture. The flower is a kind of plant that grows in the West, the stem is creeping and grows, the flower is like the Chinese peony, called "passionflower" or "American chrysanthemum", the flower color is light and elegant, from spring to autumn, one after another, the vine will be pressed to the ground in the spring, and the next year is chiseled and planted. According to these characteristics, it can not only be used for large-area board decoration, but also for edge decoration as a twig pattern.
Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty red sandalwood carved West Lotus Taishi chair
Xibankan
Honeysuckle pattern, honeysuckle, commonly known as "honeysuckle", "gold and silver vine", Ling Dong does not wither, so it is also called "honeysuckle". "Compendium of Materia Medica" cloud, honeysuckle, long-term clothing and lightweight, long-term longevity. It is mostly used as Buddhist utensils, and decorative furniture is mostly used for the edge part, taking its longevity and auspicious meaning.
Osmanthus, legend has the laurel tree in the moon, Chang'e makes wine with osmanthus, and it is said that every year on the fifteenth night of August, there are often cinnamon falls, and eating it can live a long life. Most of the osmanthus trees expressed in the pattern have the moon to match, and the name is "longan".
Narcissus, used to decorate furniture in the Ming and Qing dynasties, is often combined with Ganoderma lucidum, and is called "Lingxian Wishing Longevity".
灵仙祝寿
Daylily, also known as forgetfulness grass. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, daily furniture was often decorated with the meaning of "forgetting worries" and "suitable for men".
Moire, most of which symbolize "high ascension" or "ruyi", is widely used and is mostly a foil pattern. The forms include quadruple clouds, ruyi clouds, multi-clouds, flowing clouds, etc. It is often combined with dragon patterns, bat patterns, eight immortals, and eight treasure patterns. In the ideological concept, the moire is often called Qingyun or five-color cloud, Jingyun, Qingyun, and it was thought to be auspicious in ancient times.
The seawater cliff pattern is used more on furniture, and the seawater cliff pattern is matched in the pattern with the dragon pattern. The sea water symbolizes the great river, and in the middle of the sea water pattern stands the mountain rocks, and the combination of the river and the mountain stone symbolizes the river and the mountain. There are double dragons and auspicious clouds on the cliffs of the sea, constituting the allegorical picture of the true dragon Son of Heaven dominating the rivers and mountains. This pattern is widely used not only on furniture, but also on other kinds of daily utensils.
Seawater cliff pattern
Geometric patterns are various patterns composed of various forms of lines or graphics, commonly known as "brocade patterns", which are generally used more on lacquer furniture. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, especially during the Qing dynasty, hardwood furniture was also widely used. The Palace Museum has a collection of black lacquer inlaid snails, which are inlaid with various patterns, including 36 kinds of brocade patterns in various forms.
Geometric pattern
Back pattern, that is, the hollow-shaped ornamentation. The pattern is formed by a point as the center and a square corner surrounding the periphery. The four legs of Qing Dynasty furniture are often decorated with back lines, and there are also continuous back lines for edge decoration, called "back back brocade".
Anagram
The swastika pattern is a kind of charm charm or religious symbol in ancient times. Religion believes that it is a symbol of the sun or fire, and in Sanskrit it means "a collection of auspicious places". It is also believed that it is the Rui Xiang that appears on the chest of Shi Yingmuni, which has the meaning of auspiciousness, good fortune and longevity. In the Tang Dynasty, Wu Zetian lived for two years, and adopted the Chinese character to read "10,000". The four ends extend outward and can evolve a variety of brocade patterns, this kind of chain pattern is often used to imply continuous and Wanfu, longevity does not end the meaning, also called "longevity brocade".
Swastika pattern
Late Ming Huanghuali gathered the swastika pattern around the Arhat bed
Bogu pattern, originated from the Song Dynasty Hui Zong's minister compiled and painted "Xuanhe Bogu Tu", later take the map or decorate the furniture with ancient patterns, so it is named "Bogu Tu". Some add a variety of flowers to the mouth of the utensils, as embellishment, especially in the Qing Dynasty, the use of furniture is more elegant, noble. Under normal circumstances, each group of patterns can form an auspicious word, such as the bottle inserted Ruyi, that is, "peace Ruyi", the bell, sheng, and large bottle combination for "lifelong peace" and so on.
博古纹
Fang Sheng pattern, Fang Sheng is also known as "Jin Sheng", that is, two diamond-shaped pressure angles overlap each other to form a pattern, as an auspicious thing in ancient times. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, it has become one of the common decorative patterns in auspicious patterns.
Fang Shengwen
The true shape of the five mountains, the five mountains refer to the five famous mountains in China. The true shape of the five mountains is the five symbols representing the five famous mountains, and this pattern is sometimes seen in Qing Dynasty furniture. The true shape of the five mountains, with Songyue in the center, the left one is Huayue, the second left is Hengyue, the right one is Taiyue, and the second right is Hengyue. "Hug Puzi" said: "The monk inhabits the hidden valley, and he must get the true shape of the five mountains, and all the demon poison in the mountain can not be approached." The purpose of carving this picture on the furniture, in addition to decoration and beautification, also has the meaning of exorcism and evil spirits, in order to seek home happiness and eternal auspiciousness.
In the true shape of the five mountains, the basic shape of the five mountains
The sea house adds chips, that is, the picture depicts the rough sea, there are fairy mountain pavilions in the sea, the treasure bottle is furnished in the building, the chips are inserted, there are flying cranes in the air, and the mouth is about to add chips to the bottle, and a number of small islands are scattered around the fairy mountain, dotted with pine and cypress to increase the fairy scene of the picture. This story was first seen in Su Shi's "Dongpo Zhilin" in the Song Dynasty: "Legend has it that there are three old men who meet each other and ask each other about their age, and one of them says: I can't remember my year, but I remember that I had an old relationship with Pangu when I was young; One person said that the sea water has become mulberry fields, and I have already filled ten houses, and one person said: The peach I eat, abandon its core under Kunlun Mountain, and now it is in Kunlun Mountain." Legend has it that a chip represents a thousand years old, and later people often decorated the sea house with a chip on their birthday gifts.
Sea House Chips
The eight immortals are Han Zhongli, Lu Dongbin, Zhang Guolao, Cao Guoshu, Tie Guan Li, Han Xiangzi, Lan Caihe, and He Xiangu. The decorative patterns often hide the figures, and only carve out the things in the hands of the eight immortals, commonly known as the "dark eight immortals". Each of the eight treasures represents a different meaning, and when combined, the eight immortals come together, meaning to wish longevity.
Dark Eight Immortals White Drawing
Eight treasure patterns, eight treasures, also known as eight auspicious, are composed of conch, magic wheel, treasure umbrella, white cover, lotus, treasure vase, goldfish, and pangue. The Eight Treasures are the eight kinds of Dharma instruments in Buddhism, which are often used in combination, called "Eight Treasures Shine".
In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the table of eight immortals with red sandalwood grass pattern
The decorative patterns of furniture in the late Qing Dynasty are mostly pieced together into auspicious words with the homophony of the names of various items. For example, two persimmons are combined with Ruyi, or combined with a Ganoderma lucidum, and the name is "everything is good"; bats, Shoushan stone plus Ruyi or Ganoderma lucidum, the name is "Fushou Ruyi"; The treasure bottle is inserted with the name of "peace and happiness"; The combination of bergamot, longevity peach and pomegranate is called "more blessings, more longevity, and more sons"; A full rack of grapes or a full rack of gourds is called "descendants for all generations"; A halberd hangs a jade chime, and a double fish hangs under the jade chime, and the name is "more than auspicious"; The combination of magpie and plum blossom means "happy eyebrows"; The combination of Ganoderma lucidum, narcissus, bamboo shoots, and longevity peaches, the name is "Lingxian Wishing Longevity" and so on.
In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, mahogany inlaid marble Ganoderma lucidum pattern Taishi chair