Abstract:In recent years, affected by the global economic situation and the transformation and upgrading of the domestic manufacturing industry, the output of metal forming machine tools has declined, and the data shows that the output of metal forming machine tools in mainland China will be about 180,000 units in 2022 and 151,000 units in 2023. It is worth noting that despite the fluctuation in production, the consumption and operating income of metal forming machine tools in mainland China have shown a steady growth trend, of which the operating income of metal forming machine tools in 2023 will be 89.1 billion yuan, an increase of 7.5% year-on-year in 2022, and the total profit will be 5.4 billion yuan, an increase of 1.3% year-on-year in 2022.
1. Definitions and Classification
Machine tools provide processing equipment for the manufacturing industry, which are widely used in automobiles, general parts, 3C, molds, aerospace, construction machinery and other processing fields, and have an irreplaceable position for industrial production. According to the statistical classification standards of China Machine Tool Industry Association, the machine tool industry is divided into three categories: metal cutting machine tools (turning, milling, planing, grinding, etc.), metal forming machine tools (forging, casting, stamping equipment), tools and accessories. Metal forming machine tools are used to physically deform the metal by applying a strong force to it to obtain the desired geometry. Pressure forming technology, which uses pressure to realize the forming of metal plates or metal bodies, or to carry out segmentation and shearing, bending and other stamping, can be mainly divided into presses, stamping machines, shearing machines, punching machines, bending machines, etc.
Second, industry policies
The policy background of the metal forming machine tool industry in mainland China is diversified and comprehensive. The government has actively promoted the innovation and development of the industry through the formulation of a series of policy documents at multiple levels. The Guangzhou Municipal Government issued the "Notice on Printing and Distributing the "14th Five-Year Plan" for Scientific and Technological Innovation in Guangzhou, which clearly proposed to actively develop intelligent machine tools and other equipment, and provided policy guidance for the intelligent upgrading of the metal forming machine tool industry. The Guangdong Provincial Development and Reform Commission issued the "Implementation Plan for the Development of Circular Economy in Guangdong Province (2022-2025)", emphasizing the R&D and application of remanufacturing technology, and providing policy support for the remanufacturing and recycling of metal forming machine tools. In addition, the "Implementation Opinions on Improving the Reliability of the Manufacturing Industry" issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the "Notice on Carrying out the Selection of National Online Excellent Courses for Vocational Education in 2023" issued by the Ministry of Education have promoted the promotion and development of the metal forming machine tool industry from different perspectives. The "Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of a Waste Recycling System" issued by the State Council has further promoted the development of the remanufacturing industry in the field of traditional machine tools and injected new impetus into the sustainable development of the industry. These policy documents together constitute a strong guarantee for the development of the metal forming machine tool industry in mainland China, and lay a solid foundation for the healthy and rapid development of the industry.
Third, the development process
The development process of the metal forming machine tool industry in mainland China has been magnificent and has gone through many stages. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the industry mainly started from the introduction and imitation of foreign technology, laying a preliminary manufacturing foundation. With the acceleration of national industrialization, machine tool manufacturing enterprises have gradually accumulated technology and experience, and began to explore independent innovation. From the 90s of the 20th century to the beginning of this century, the industry ushered in a period of rapid development, the number of enterprises and the technical level have been significantly improved, and the research and development and production of high-end machine tools have met the urgent needs of the domestic market. In 2010, in the face of the pressure of international competition and industrial upgrading, the industry has entered a critical stage of transformation and upgrading, strengthening independent innovation and brand building, and intelligence and digitalization have become a new trend. The government has also introduced a number of policies and measures to provide strong support for the healthy development of the machine tool industry. Nowadays, the metal forming machine tool industry in mainland China has high international competitiveness and is moving towards a more intelligent and green direction.
Fourth, industry barriers
1. Technical barriers
Machine tools are usually composed of control systems, servo systems, detection systems, mechanical transmission systems, machine tool bodies and other auxiliary systems, and their technology involves many fields, such as mechanical manufacturing technology, information processing, processing, transmission technology, automatic control technology, servo drive technology, sensor technology, software technology, etc. At the same time, the world's machine tool technology is still developing in the direction of high-speed, high-precision, functional compounding, intelligent control, open system, information interaction network, etc., which requires enterprises to have high technology development and integration capabilities, as well as strong technological innovation capabilities.
2. System integration barriers
With the development of the industry, users have put forward the requirements of "turnkey project" for machine tool manufacturers, so that manufacturers can further extend the product selection and process design from simple product manufacturing to the front end, as well as the back-end personnel training, installation and commissioning, and require enterprises to provide product life cycle services, and put forward higher requirements for the diversity of enterprise product varieties and specifications, requiring enterprises to have high system integration capabilities and complete engineering capabilities.
3. Brand barriers
Because CNC machine tools are durable consumer goods in the machinery manufacturing industry, generally their service life can reach about 10 years, so customers have higher requirements for the quality and stability of CNC machine tool products, and it takes a long time to certify before confirming the order, and a gradual acceptance and recognition process is required. This requires that the products of CNC machine tool manufacturers have a certain historical accumulation, have a high brand reputation and popularity in the industry, and customers have higher brand requirements for CNC machine tool manufacturers.
4. Capital and talent barriers
The production equipment, working capital, and technology development of medium and high-end CNC machine tools require a large amount of funds, and the investment of funds and the output of products are periodic, so the financial strength of CNC machine tool manufacturers is required. In addition, as a technology-intensive industry, the CNC machine tool industry requires enterprises to reserve certain R&D talents, a group of engineering and technical teams that understand engineering systems, user processes, and equipment at home and abroad, and at the same time, the technology and experience of each on-site production personnel are also relatively high.
Fifth, the industrial chain
The upstream of metal forming machine tools is steel plate, round steel, castings and forgings, numerical control systems, hydraulic systems, transmission parts, etc., the upstream has stable suppliers, no suppliers form a monopoly situation, among which the core components of CNC system suppliers include Siemens, Fanuc, DELEM, Estun and other leading brands at home and abroad, the degree of import dependence is high, the midstream is mainly the production and manufacturing of metal forming machine tools, at present, the domestic including Germany Trumpf, Japan Amada, domestic Jiangsu Yangli Group, Jiangsu Jinfangyuan, etc., Jinan two machine tool is the domestic metal forming machine tool leader, the downstream is mainly automobiles, ships, railways, home appliances, construction machinery and other industries, each industry has its own cyclicality, the overall demand is stable growth.
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