Abstract:As an important part of the continental marine fishery, the aquatic fishing industry plays a basic supporting role in the development of the overall fishery industry chain, and also plays a positive role in promoting the overall development of the fishery economy. With the rapid development of the mainland fishery economy in recent years and the growing demand, the mainland aquatic fishing industry has developed rapidly. From the perspective of industry output, affected by the domestic fishing moratorium and fishing ban in recent years, the overall output of aquatic products in mainland China has continued to decline, and the output will rebound slightly in 2022 to 13.0045 million tons; By 2022, the output value will be 276.561 billion yuan.
1. Definitions and Classification
Aquatic fishing is the production activity of using fishing tools to capture economic aquatic animals, and is the most important component of aquatic industry. According to the different waters, aquatic fishing can be mainly divided into two categories: freshwater fishing and marine fishing, of which marine fishing is the most important aquatic fishing method, and the world's marine fishing production generally accounts for about ninety percent of the total catch. Among them, marine fishing can be subdivided into three types: coastal, offshore and offshore (including open sea) fishing. Due to the abundant aquatic animal resources in coastal and offshore waters, the unit catch is relatively high; Deep-sea fishing is far away from the base, the fishing equipment and technical requirements are higher, the resource density is smaller, and the production cost is higher. As a result, the world's catches come mainly from coastal and offshore waters.
Second, industry policies
With the rapid development of mainland fisheries in recent years, overfishing in fishing grounds has been exacerbated, and people's endless fishing in coastal waters has led to the lack of normal and effective conservation and management of fishery resources. In order to alleviate the impact of the large number of fishing vessels and high fishing intensity on fishery resources in the coastal waters of the mainland, the relevant state departments have successively issued a series of relevant policies to regulate the development of the industry and guide the industry to take the development path of green and sustainable fishing industry.
3. Industry barriers
1. Resource constraints
One of the main challenges to the development of the aquaculture industry is the resource constraint barrier faced by the fishing industry. Due to the finite nature of living aquatic resources, the aquaculture fishing industry is subject to strict fishing quotas and regulations. With the growth of the global population and the continuous improvement of demand, the intensity of aquatic fishing has been increasing, resulting in the gradual depletion of some fish resources, especially in coastal and offshore areas. This not only affects the sustainable development of the fishing industry, but also threatens the balance of the entire marine ecosystem.
2. Technical barriers
Technical barriers to the fishing industry are a significant challenge for its development. First of all, efficient fishing techniques are essential to improve fishing efficiency and protect living aquatic resources. However, for some small-scale fishing enterprises or artisanal fishers, they often lack financial and technical support to purchase and update advanced fishing equipment, such as efficient fishing nets, advanced detection instruments, etc. This puts them at a disadvantage in terms of fishing efficiency and competitiveness. Secondly, aquatic fishing also requires accurate knowledge of marine meteorology, biological habits, etc., in order to determine the best time and place to fish. However, the acquisition and application of this knowledge requires professional technical and human support, which is also an insurmountable barrier for some low-tech fishing enterprises.
3. Financial barriers
The fishing industry faces serious challenges from financial barriers. On the one hand, fishing operations require a large amount of capital to be invested in operating costs such as the purchase and maintenance of fishing vessels, fishing gear, and the payment of wages to fishing personnel. Raising enough money has become a huge challenge for smaller or less financially powerful fishing companies. On the other hand, with the improvement of environmental protection and sustainable development requirements, the aquatic fishing industry needs to invest more funds in resource protection, ecological restoration and scientific and technological innovation. However, these investments often fail to bring immediate economic benefits, which undoubtedly increases the operating pressure for some cash-strapped enterprises.
4. Market access barriers
Market access barriers to the aquaculture industry are mainly reflected in several aspects. First, tariff and non-tariff barriers in international trade limit foreign fishing companies' access to other countries' markets, which requires fishing companies not only to have high-quality products, but also to be familiar with and deal with complex international trade rules. Secondly, the regulatory policies of different countries on the aquatic fishing industry vary greatly, and different countries have strict regulations on fishing methods, catch types, fishing quotas, etc., which makes enterprises face many challenges when operating across borders. In addition, consumers' requirements for the quality and safety of aquatic products are increasing, and enterprises need to invest a lot of resources in quality management and brand building to meet market demand. These barriers to market entry have led to fierce competition in the fishing industry, and companies need to continuously improve their capabilities to adapt to the changing market environment.
Fourth, the industrial chain
From the perspective of the industrial chain, the upstream of the industrial chain of the aquatic fishing industry is mainly the shipbuilding and related supporting equipment manufacturing, which provides the necessary material and technical support for fishing, which directly affects the fishing efficiency and cost; The downstream of the industrial chain is the processing and consumption and circulation of aquatic products. The aquatic product processing industry improves the added value of products through deep processing to meet the diversified needs of consumers. The sales link is responsible for transporting aquatic products to the market and realizing value transformation.
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