Abstract:In recent years, the metal cutting machine tool industry in China has shown a trend of fluctuating development. Specifically, in 2022, the output of metal cutting machine tools in mainland China will be 572,000 units, the sales revenue will reach 132.23 billion yuan, and the total profit will be as high as 16.71 billion yuan, all of which will show a steady growth trend, indicating that the mainland metal cutting machine tool industry has made positive progress in technological innovation, market expansion and industrial upgrading. In 2023, with the transformation of the domestic economic structure, the output of metal cutting machine tools will rebound to 613,000 units, and the revenue will also reach 158.6 billion yuan, and the profit will decline significantly, only 11.4 billion yuan. Looking forward to the future, with the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry and the rapid development of intelligent manufacturing, the metal cutting machine tool industry will usher in a broader space for development.
1. Definitions and Classification
A machine tool refers to a machine that manufactures a machine, also known as an industrial machine or machine tool. According to the deformation mode of the material, the machine tool can be divided into metal forming machine tool and metal cutting machine tool. In the cutting machine tool, it can be divided into various types such as turning, milling, planing, grinding, boring, drawing, drilling, gear processing and so on according to the processing method. In the field of high-precision numerical control, there are many categories such as horizontal machining centers, vertical machining centers, and five-axis linkage machine tools. CNC machine tool is an automatic machine tool equipped with a program system, and the precision and flexibility are higher than that of traditional machine tools. As a typical mechatronics product, it can reflect the degree of development of a country's manufacturing industry.
Second, industry policies
The relevant policies of metal cutting machine tools in mainland China show a diversified and comprehensive development trend. In recent years, a number of government departments have intensively issued a series of policy documents, aiming to improve the reliability, accuracy and intelligence level of metal cutting machine tools and related industries. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other five departments jointly issued the "Implementation Opinions on Improving the Reliability of the Manufacturing Industry", which clearly pointed out that it is necessary to focus on improving the reliability level of industrial machine tools, including five-axis linkage machining centers, which is of great significance for improving the overall quality of metal cutting machine tools in the mainland. The Taiyuan Municipal Government, Henan Provincial Government and other local governments also responded positively and released their own quality strong cities and tackling key plans to promote the high-end development of the local metal cutting machine tool industry. The Ministry of Education also encourages the application of professional courses in advanced manufacturing fields such as high-end CNC machine tools and robots through the selection of national online quality courses of vocational education, so as to cultivate more high-quality technical talents for the metal cutting machine tool industry. The "Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of a Waste Recycling System" issued by the State Council proposes to promote the development of the remanufacturing industry, including the remanufacturing of high-end equipment in the field of metal cutting machine tools, so as to inject new impetus into the sustainable development of the industry.
Third, the development process
The development process of the metal cutting machine tool industry in mainland China can be described as magnificent and has gone through many stages. Since the modern industrial period, the invention and application of new metal cutting machine tools have promoted the process of industrial revolution and laid the cornerstone of the metal cutting machine tool industry in mainland China. After the reform and opening up, with the help of the Soviet Union, the mainland established the foundation of the modern metal cutting machine tool industry, and gradually realized the market-oriented operation. Entering the 21st century, the mainland metal cutting machine tool industry ushered in a golden period of rapid development, with rapid growth in consumption and total output, once ranking first in the world. With the adjustment of the global manufacturing pattern, the industry has entered a downward cycle and is facing huge challenges. During this period, the metal cutting machine tool industry in mainland China actively transformed and sought a new development path. At present, the metal cutting machine tool industry in mainland China is moving towards the direction of high-end, intelligent and green, and strives to improve the ability of independent innovation to adapt to the new trend of global manufacturing. Looking forward to the future, the mainland metal cutting machine tool industry will continue to maintain a vigorous development trend, and make greater contributions to promoting the transformation and upgrading of the mainland manufacturing industry.
Fourth, industry barriers
The metal cutting machine tool industry in China faces multiple barriers to entry, which are significantly reflected in the aspects of capital, customers, technology and talents. In terms of capital, the technical requirements of high precision and high reliability make equipment purchase, R&D investment and production and operation costly, and it is difficult for enterprises with insufficient financial strength to get involved. In terms of customers, manufacturing customers have strict standards for machine tool performance, and new entrants need to establish stable customer relationships for a long time and break through the market monopoly of mature enterprises. In terms of technology, machine tool manufacturing involves knowledge in many fields, R&D innovation and product upgrading require a lot of investment, and key technologies and patents have formed technical barriers. In terms of talents, the particularity of the industry and the complexity of technology lead to the scarcity of high-quality and professional talents, and new entrants need to invest heavily in talent training and team building. These barriers together constitute the entry threshold of the metal cutting machine tool industry, which poses a challenge to new entrants, and also protects enterprises in the industry to a certain extent and promotes the improvement of industry concentration.
Fifth, the industrial chain
The metal cutting machine tool industry chain in China has formed a relatively complete industrial system, covering raw material supply, parts manufacturing, machine tool assembly, terminal demand and other links. The upstream of the machine tool industry chain provides basic materials and parts for the machine tool industry, including mechanical structures, functional components, electrical components and CNC systems. The technology of midstream parts manufacturing and machine tool assembly has been continuously improved, promoting the development of high-end and intelligent products. The downstream applications of machine tools are extensive, covering all kinds of manufacturing industries, including automobile manufacturing, aerospace, mold manufacturing, construction machinery, 3C electronics, power equipment, shipbuilding, military industry, etc. With the promotion of policy support and technological innovation, the metal cutting machine tool industry chain in China is constantly optimizing and upgrading, and moving towards the middle and high end of the global value chain.
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