Are those who oppose the division of land and the separation of water conservancy facilities say that "the division of land and the separation of water conservancy facilities has led to the abolition of water conservancy facilities, and therefore the division of land and the separation of water conservancy facilities is the main culprit in the scrapping of water conservancy facilities." Is this correct? In fact, it is completely wrong and is a lie, and the main culprit for the scrapping of water conservancy facilities is actually the warming weather, the lack of water in the rivers, and the inability to water the ground even if there are no water conservancy facilities.
"Water conservancy is the lifeblood of agriculture" This truth, even in the backward feudal society, the common people know that the construction of water conservancy has always been called a meritorious thing by the common people, and no ordinary people will take the initiative to destroy water conservancy facilities, which has nothing to do with whether or not to divide the land.
In terms of water conservancy facilities in our village, our village is a village near the river, with large flat watered land, terraced fields on the mountains, and beach land along the river that is easy to be flooded. Watering the land was in the old society, and a large ditch ran from west to east along the edge of a large flat land, but in the old society it was an earthen ditch, and the quality was not good. In front of the village is a vegetable field, which is a single canal, and there is often a flow of water. The tidal areas along the river are prone to heavy flooding, and the canals are temporary.
The water is all artesian water, and the head of the canal is in the upper reaches of the river, and a dam is built on the river to block a pool, and the water automatically flows into the canal. The dam is not fixed, it is built with stones and mud, and the river is a sand and gravel channel, and the water still passes under the dam, and there is still water downstream.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, our village first built a river embankment to block floods and ensure the safety of the beach along the river. Then three large canals were built, one was to rebuild a large flat canal for watering the ground with stone and cement masonry to improve the water capacity. In addition, a branch canal was built under the canal to facilitate irrigation and watering of plots far away from the canal.
The canal in the vegetable field was also renovated with stone cement, and the vegetable field was divided according to the production team, and later the vegetable field became the villagers' own land, which has been until now. The vegetable field should be watered frequently, the utilization rate of the canal is high, the mouth of the canal is also more, and the damage is fast, so it is often repaired.
The beach along the river is a mud canal that is not built with stone and cement. This is because even if the barrage is built, when the river rises very heavily in the summer, the embankment will still collapse, and the beach along the river will still be flooded, and the canal will be washed away.
In addition to these three artesian canals, in the 70s, our village also built an irrigation station on the north hill, and built a canal along the mountainside to water the terraced fields on the mountain. However, after the canal was built, it was rarely used, and if it did not rain for several months and the ground was not very dry, the irrigation station would not be opened to carry water. Because it takes a lot of electricity to pour once, although our village has been connected to electricity for 70 years, there is no electricity for most of the year, and the electricity bill is very expensive.
In the 70s, when the commune of agriculture was in Dazhai, we built a large-scale irrigation project on the south mountain of our village, which was a secondary drainage and irrigation project, with a lift of nearly 100 meters, a water pipe straight through forty or fifty centimeters, and a step of more than 800 on the irrigation station (when I was a child, cattle were often herded up and down the mountain along the irrigation station), and the purpose of repairing the irrigation station was to provide water for five or six villages on the mountain. However, after the completion of the project, it was rarely used, and I remember pumping water four or five times, because it was too expensive for electricity and the commune could not afford it.
The three canals of artesian water in our village have been in use since the fields were divided and separated, and the river water was still abundant in the eighties and nineties, so watering the land did not delay things. If the water of the river becomes less than that of the drought, the water will be pumped into the machine well and put into the canal, and organic wells will be drilled along the riverside. When watering the ground, it is the turn of each production team, and everyone lines up in turn, but the time is limited, and the number of watering according to the number of households for how long can not let you take up time casually. Wheat and corn are watered several times a year, and the weather is not too dry to water. The vegetable patch is often watered, so there is also a queue to water the ground at night.
In the late nineties, the river became smaller, firstly, because there was less rainfall, and secondly, the coal mines in the downstream towns pumped water, which lowered the groundwater table. After 2,000 years, the rainfall is getting less and less, and the river is getting smaller and smaller, but there is still water in the well, and it can still be pumped for water. In 2010, the township built a road, dug sand and gravel pads to the river, and dug the river down at once, plus there was basically no rain in the past ten years, and the river did not have a major flood, the artesian canal in our village was completely out of water, and the irrigated land became dry land. Later, although deep wells were drilled along the riverbank, few people went to pump water.
The irrigation station in Beishan used to pump once a year before 85 years, and after 85 years, it will no longer be used. The terraced fields on the mountain are inherently drought tolerant, so they generally do not end up, and people do not want to water them, and besides, pumping water to water the ground is too expensive. In the 80s, the large irrigation station in Nanshan pumped water twice, once for three days, and six villages exchanged money to pump water, and the water in the lower reaches of the river was drained. By the end of the nineties, the county water conservancy bureau dismantled the motors, pumps, and steel pipes, and they were completely scrapped.
There are two reasons for the scrapping of water conservancy facilities after the field is divided, one is that the tall project on the mountain, that is, the irrigation project on the mountain, was very blind when it was built, and did not consider the input and output benefits at all, which looked very great and was not practical at all. These irrigation stations rely on electricity or diesel engines to ensure that they pump water for irrigation, and each pumping is so expensive that farmers simply cannot afford it.
The second is that the weather is warmer, the rainfall is reduced, the rivers and rivers that were originally abundant in water have dried up, the groundwater level has also dropped, and the water conservancy facilities without water sources have become useless, and the canals have become ornaments. If there is water flowing and can be watered, the farmers will not destroy it if it is too late to take care of it.
Some people say that there is no one in the rural areas to organize the construction of canals, and if there is no water and drainage ditches, what is the use of repairing them beautifully? What is the use of repairing flood drainage ditches if there is no major flood in 10 years? In the northern region, it is true that even the flowing water ditches that were originally formed naturally do not flow water once a year, and in summer there is no rain for more than 10 days at a time, and the next rainstorm by chance will not form a mountain flood at all, as in the past. Therefore, every year when flood control is not flooded, people do not pay attention to it.
Since the reform and opening up, the state has not neglected to attach importance to the construction of water conservancy facilities, and newly built water conservancy facilities have also been built everywhere, such as farmland machine well projects, well houses in the fields of the Great Plains one after another, and there are not many reservoirs and canals in the mountainous areas. Of course, I don't see it in some rural areas, and the root cause is still the lack of water. Our county built a project to extract the Yellow River on the edge of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir, but after that, it was strictly forbidden to extract the water of the Yellow River without permission, and the project became a decoration.
Therefore, it can be said that the reason for the scrapping of water conservancy facilities is not that the fields are separated, but also that the rivers have no water to use due to the warmer weather. In addition, the water conservancy facilities that were blindly built in Dazhai during the agricultural study were not practical at all, did not consider the benefits, and were abandoned by the people.