In 2024, the supervising engineer "Objective Control (Water Conservancy)" exam will be 3 pages before the exam

1. The basic method of total quality management: summarized as four stages and eight steps, referred to as PDCA cycle, also known as "Deming ring".

(1) Planning stage (P) :(1) Finding problems; (2) to make an arrangement; (3) Analyze the causes of problems; (4) Formulate countermeasures and measures.

(2) Implementation phase (D) :( 5) implementation measures.

(3) Inspection stage (C) :(6) Check the effect of the measures.

(4) Processing stage (A) :(7) Establish consolidation measures, that is, standardize, institutionalize, and consolidate the successful practices and experiences in the inspection results; (8) Raise unresolved issues and move on to the next cycle. In the PDCA cycle, the processing phase is the key to a cycle.

2.1 Eight management principles of the S09000 standard series

(1) Focus on customers; (Primary Concern) (2) leadership; (3) Full participation; (4) process methods; (5) a systematic approach to management; (6) continuous improvement; (7) fact-based decision-making methods; (8) Mutually beneficial relationship with suppliers.

3. The quality characteristics of construction projects are mainly manifested in:

(1) Performance. (2) Temporality. (3) Reliability. (4) Economy. (5) Security. (6) Coordination between adaptability and environment.

4. The characteristics of the quality of construction projects

(1) The complexity of the formation process. (2) There are many influencing factors. (3) High volatility. (4) Quality concealment. (5) Limitations of final inspection.

5. The main contents of quality supervision of water conservancy engineering construction projects are:

(1) Review the qualifications of supervision, design, construction and related product production units. (2) Supervise and inspect the quality inspection system of the employer and the supervision unit, the quality assurance system of the contractor, and the on-site service of the design unit. (3) Supervise and inspect the division of unit projects, branch projects and unit projects of the project. (4) Supervise and inspect the implementation of technical regulations, specifications and quality standards. (5) Inspect the quality inspection and quality assessment of the project by the contractor, the employer and the supervision unit. (6) Before the completion and acceptance of the project, the quality of the project shall be approved, the project quality assessment report shall be prepared, and the project quality grade shall be proposed to the project completion acceptance committee. The employer, the supervision unit, the design unit and the contractor in the construction stage of the project must accept the supervision of the quality supervision agency. Before the completion and acceptance of the project, the quality of the project must be verified by the quality supervision agency. Projects that have not been verified by the quality level of the project or failed to pass the inspection shall not be delivered.

6. Major design changes of water conservancy projects: (1) project tasks and scale. (2) Engineering grade and design standards. (3) Engineering layout and buildings. (4) Electromechanical and metal structures. (5) Construction organization design.

7. Factors affecting the quality of the construction stage

There are five important factors that affect the quality of an engineering entity: people, materials, machinery, methods and environment. (People, Materials, Machines, Sides, Rings)

8. The environmental factors of construction management include quality assurance system, "three inspection system", quality management system, quality visa system, quality reward and punishment system, etc.

9. The basis of quality control (1) the laws, regulations and rules promulgated by the state on quality; (B) has been approved engineering survey (survey) design documents, construction drawings and corresponding design changes and modification documents; (C) the project contract documents; (4) The current construction specifications, construction process regulations, acceptance specifications, and assessment procedures of the country and industry cited in the contract; (E) has been approved construction organization design, construction measures plan; (6) Equipment installation instructions and relevant technical standards provided by the manufacturer.

10. Parallel detection

The cost of parallel testing shall be borne by the employer. Parallel testing is a means for the supervision agency to verify the results of the contractor's testing test.

The number of concrete samples shall not be less than 3% of the number tested by the contractor, and at least one group of concrete of each grade shall be taken in important parts; The earthwork sample should not be less than 5% of the contractor's inspection quantity, and at least three groups of important parts should be sampled.

If the results of the parallel test of raw materials are unqualified, the contractor shall take double samples, and if they are still unqualified, the batch of raw materials shall be determined to be unqualified and shall not be used; If the unqualified raw materials have been used in the engineering entity, the supervision agency shall require the contractor to carry out the engineering entity testing, and if necessary, the employer may be requested to organize the establishment of the agency and other relevant units and personnel to identify the quality of the engineering entity.

11. Testing and inspection of raw materials, engineering equipment and engineering

If the results of the re-test and inspection prove that the quality of the material, engineering equipment or work does not meet the requirements of the contract, the contractor shall bear the additional costs and/or delays in the construction period; If the results of the re-test and inspection prove that the materials, engineering equipment and works meet the requirements of the contract, the employer shall bear the increased costs and/or delays in the construction period, and pay the contractor reasonable profits.

For the test blocks, test pieces and related materials agreed in the special contract clauses, the supervision agency shall carry out witness sampling.

12. Process construction quality acceptance process

(1) The construction unit shall first conduct a self-inspection of the construction quality of the completed process according to the quality inspection and acceptance standards, and make inspection records. (2) After the construction unit passes the self-inspection, it shall fill in the process construction quality acceptance assessment form, and the quality responsible person shall apply to the supervision unit for review after completing the corresponding approval procedures. (3) After receiving the application, the supervision unit shall conduct a review, and the content of the review is as follows:

1) Check whether the inspection information of the construction unit is true and complete. 2) Combined with parallel testing, tracking test results, etc., review whether the construction quality inspection items of the process meet the requirements of technical standards. 3) Fill in the review record in the process construction quality acceptance assessment form submitted by the construction unit, and sign the process construction quality assessment opinion, verify the process construction quality level, and the relevant responsible person shall perform the corresponding approval procedures. Of course, the editor suggests that it is better to combine learning and practice, and recommend a good question bank, WeChat search applet, and quick learning book, which has a very complete set of topics.

13. Inspection before covering the hidden parts of the project

(1) Notify the supervision unit to inspect. (2) The supervision unit did not arrive at the inspection. If the supervision unit fails to carry out the inspection at the agreed time, unless otherwise instructed by the supervision unit, the contractor may complete the coverage work by itself and make corresponding records and submit it to the supervision unit, and the supervision unit shall sign for confirmation. If the supervision unit has doubts about the inspection records afterwards, it can be re-inspected. (3) Re-inspection by the supervisor. If the quality of the project is proved to be satisfactory after re-inspection, the project legal person shall bear the increased costs and/or delay in the construction period, and pay the contractor reasonable profits; If the quality of the project is proved to be unqualified after inspection, the contractor shall bear the increased costs and/or delays in the construction period. (4) The contractor covers it privately. If the contractor fails to notify the supervision unit to come to the site for inspection and covers the hidden parts of the project without permission, the supervision unit has the right to instruct the contractor to drill the hole for detection or uncover inspection, and the resulting additional costs and/or delays in the construction period shall be borne by the contractor.

14. Before the start of construction, the blasting test outline should be prepared for blasting test, and reasonable blasting parameters should be obtained, including hole spacing, row spacing, hole direction, inclination angle, hole diameter, charge amount, charge structure, detonation mode, etc.

15. Ordinary concrete engineering is divided into 6 processes, including foundation surface or construction joint treatment, formwork installation, steel bar production and installation, embedded parts (water stop, expansion joints, etc.) production and installation, concrete pouring (including curing, demoulding), appearance quality inspection, wherein steel bar production and installation, concrete pouring (including curing, demoulding) process is the main process.

16. RCC: The content of the on-site process test includes: (1) site treatment and layout; (2) Mixing parameter test; (3) Rolling parameter test; (4) Interlayer bonding test, check test and concrete performance test; (5) Metamorphosis concrete process test; (6) Verification of process test effect.

17. The excavation of underground cavern comprises the excavation of flat hole, inclined shaft, vertical shaft, long-span cavern, temporary construction branch tunnel, and the expansion excavation of the completed underground cavern.

18. Key points of quality control of drilling flushing and pressurized water test

(1) The contractor shall conduct fracture flushing and pressurized water test on all grouting holes (sections) before grouting the dam foundation rock. The fissure flushing method is to place a grouting plug (orifice sealer) at the orifice or section top, pump pressure water into the hole, the pressure can be 80% of the grouting pressure, but not more than 1MPa, and the flushing time is until the return water is clarified or not more than 20min.

When the bottom-up segmented grouting method is used, the whole hole can be flushed once before grouting.

19. Underground cavern grouting

(1) Grouting time and sequence

The grouting of the concrete lining section of the hydraulic tunnel should be carried out in the order of backfill grouting and then consolidation grouting should be carried out after the lining concrete reaches 70% of the design strength, and the consolidation grouting should be carried out after the backfill grouting of the part ends 7 days. When the hole is arranged with curtain grouting, it should be constructed in the order of backfill grouting first, then consolidation grouting, and then curtain grouting.

The grouting sequence of the steel plate lining section of the hydraulic tunnel is as follows: the surrounding rock consolidation grouting is carried out before the steel lining is installed, the top arch backfill grouting is carried out after the steel lining is installed and the concrete is poured, and the bottom contact grouting is carried out; The steel lining contact grouting should be carried out 60 days after the pouring of the lining concrete.

20. The concrete poured underwater shall comply with the following provisions:

1) Underwater pouring concrete must have good workability, and the mix ratio should be determined by test; The slump should be 180~220mm; The amount of cement should not be less than 360kg/m³. 2) The sand content of underwater cast concrete should be 40%~50%, and medium coarse sand should be selected; The maximum particle size of coarse aggregate should be less than 40mm; Coarse aggregate can be pebbles or gravel, and the aggregate particle size shall not be greater than 1/3 of the minimum net distance between steel bars. 3) Underwater pouring concrete should be mixed with admixtures.