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Putian City, Fujian Province, is surrounded by three bays and is rich in marine resources. In recent years, the local government has taken the opportunity of building a national marine ranch demonstration area on Nanri Island to vigorously promote the construction of marine ranches, and has achieved a win-win situation of marine ecological protection and industrial green development by upgrading breeding facilities, advocating environment-friendly breeding species, and developing ecological three-dimensional breeding models.
Nanri Island, Putian City. Photo by Cai Hao (People's Vision)
On the blue sea, Luo Jinshun, an abalone farmer in Nanri Town, Xiuyu District, Putian City, Fujian Province, pulled up a cage of Nanri abalone, and his joy hung on his face.
The growth of abalone is very demanding on water quality. In Dongdai Bay, Nanri Island, Luo Jinshun has been raising abalone for more than 20 years. For more than 20 years, he has witnessed the changes in the ecological environment of this sea area, and has also experienced the ups and downs of abalone quality with environmental changes. "In the early years, we only cared about the scale and recklessly watched the farming area expand year by year, and finally overloaded the farming, not only the water quality declined, but the quality of the abalone also suffered. Luo Jinshun recalled.
Since 2018, Putian City has launched the ecological improvement of the marine environment. Through the construction of the Nanri Island National Marine Ranch Demonstration Zone, the transformation and upgrading of marine aquaculture facilities will be implemented, ecological aquaculture technology will be promoted, and eco-friendly aquaculture species will be introduced to promote the green transformation of fishery development.
Scientifically plan the spatial layout and upgrade the breeding facilities
With a sea area of 2,800 square kilometers, Xiuyu District is rich in marine resources, and nearly 1/10 of the population of the district is engaged in fishery-related work.
In the waters near Nanri Town, Xiuyu District, Putian City, fishermen drive boats to carry out spring marine production operations. Photo by Xie Guiming (Image China)
In the impression of Chen Yawei, deputy general manager of Nanri Marine Group, Nanri Island has also had disorderly and excessive breeding in the past. "The waterways are blocked, fishing boats are difficult to navigate, the sea area smells fishy, and occasionally there are red tides caused by eutrophication. Chen Yawei said, "If the environment is poor, seafood will inevitably suffer, and once a red tide occurs, the impact on seafood is unimaginable." ”
In 2020, Putian City will further launch the transformation and upgrading of marine aquaculture to guide the development of marine aquaculture in an ecological and green direction.
The first step of remediation is to scientifically plan the spatial layout. According to the actual situation of the sea area, Xiuyu District divides the sea area into breeding area, restricted breeding area and forbidden breeding area. In aquaculture areas and restricted areas, fish farmers carry out fishery breeding according to a certain density and in accordance with regulations; At the same time, we should implement the adjustment of the fishery structure, further optimize the space for marine aquaculture, adjust the layout of cage fishing rows, reduce the density of aquaculture, promote the ecological aquaculture model, lay out deep-sea aquaculture, increase the area of algae aquaculture in the open sea area, and deepen the management of aquaculture tailwater.
Algae farming area, fish farming area, abalone culture area and deep-water cage area...... The aquaculture area in the Dongdai Bay area of Nanri Island is further subdivided, and each aquaculture category is clear at a glance. Standing on the aquaculture fishing raft and looking at it, the channel is smooth, the sea water is clean, and the sea surface is regular. Looking closely at the fishing rafts, the original traditional foam floats are gone, replaced by environmentally friendly plastic floats.
Along with the planning of the farming area, the upgrading of the farming facilities was carried out. "We guide farmers to renovate and upgrade their breeding facilities, change the traditional old fishing rafts into environmentally friendly plastic fishing rafts, and transform the traditional foam floats into environmentally friendly plastic floats. Yan Zhihong, director of Xiuyu District Aquatic Technology Promotion Station, said that at present, Xiuyu District has upgraded and completed 25,000 fishing rows and 45,000 acres of floats.
The environment is better, and the quality of seafood is also improving. "Our abalone is fresh and delicious, and it sells well. Luo Jinshun said.
In the long run, promote environmentally friendly farmed species
According to statistics, algae and bivalve shellfish, mainly oysters, kelp and seaweed, account for 90% of the cultured species in Xiuyu District. Behind this, in fact, is the long-term consideration of the local development of ecological farming.
"Algae and bivalve shellfish do not need to be baited during the growth process. Not only that, but some algae and shellfish can also regulate water quality and improve the marine environment, Yan explained.
In the sea area of Xinghua Bay, on the floating rafts, the hanging oysters have the size of a palm, and the rows of dragon's mustache are entering the harvest period, which is the ecological breeding base of Lin Oyster (Fujian) Aquatic Products Co., Ltd.
"Jointly protect and make the ecological environment continue to improve, and a good ecology further empowers our development. Lin Xinhua, general manager of the company, introduced that the ecological breeding base adopts an environmentally friendly raft float hanging mode, and the oysters grown are larger, whiter in color, and more compact, and the unit price is nearly 30% higher than that of oysters cultured in cages.
In May 2022, a carbon sink transaction of more than 200,000 yuan became an additional income for Lin Oyster. It turned out that according to professional calculations, the marine fishery carbon sink generated by Lin Oyster Company in the past three years from oyster farming reached 10,840 tons. The marine fishery carbon sink was purchased by a company, making it one of the first projects in the mainland to trade bivalve shellfish carbon sinks.
Improve quality and develop ecological three-dimensional farming
There are several seawater ponds on Nanri Island, right next to the coast. At the edge of the pond, workers are cleaning pike crabs that have just been fished out of the pond.
"Although seawater pond aquaculture is not operated directly at sea, because the water inlet and drainage are directly connected to the sea, if the water quality is not guaranteed, it will still have a significant impact on the seawater. Yan Zhihong introduced.
Liu Jiancheng, the person in charge of the pond site, led the reporter to approach the pond, "Don't look at the pond ordinary, there are a lot of articles in it." He introduced that the pond adopts an ecological three-dimensional culture model, and carries out polyculture of "fish-shellfish-shrimp-crab", shellfish in the bottom layer of the sand, pike crab in the surface layer of the sand, shrimp in the lower layer of the pond water, and fish in the upper layer of the pond water. "A pond is a small biosphere, where the waste from fish and shrimp is fed to other organisms, and shellfish purify the water. Liu Jiancheng told the secret.
"The breeding density is less than half of what it used to be, but the benefits are better. "Liu Jiancheng has been farming all his life, in the past, he cultivated shrimp, and pursued high-density farming, but now he does not pursue output, but pays more attention to quality. "Originally, the breeding density was too high, and shrimp were prone to white spot disease. Today, the diseased shrimp are eaten by the pike crabs, curbing the contagion. Biological control, the effect is better!" Liu Jiancheng said.
"Protecting the marine ecology is to protect the blue granary. The development of ecological aquaculture not only protects the marine ecology, but also brings benefits to fishermen. Zhang Bosong, secretary of the Xiuyu District Party Committee, said.
In addition to the promotion of the ecological three-dimensional aquaculture model, in view of the fact that there is still a small amount of high-density aquaculture on land in Xiuyu District, Xiuyu District has adopted a three-format tailwater treatment and biological purification method. Yan Zhihong said that after the tail water is precipitated at the first stage, it is further biopurified by hanging bivalve shellfish and algae to ensure that the water discharged into the ocean can meet the standard.
In 2023, the total output of aquatic products in Xiuyu District will increase by 5.08% over the same period last year. In 2023, the proportion of Class I and Class II water quality at the national and provincial control monitoring points in the coastal waters of Xiuyu District will be 98%, ranking first in the water quality ranking of the province's coastal waters in spring and summer announced by the Fujian Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment. In 2023, the proportion of Class I and Class II excellent water quality in the coastal waters of Putian City will be 96.2%. (Wang Yunxin)
Source: People's Daily