Text · Reporter Meng Yuan, "State-owned Assets Report" magazine, Issue 12, 2023
The ocean is one of the basic resources on which human beings depend for survival and a strategic place for high-quality development. 32,000 kilometers of coastline, more than 11,000 islands, and 3 million square kilometers of jurisdictional sea area...... It constitutes the foundation for the steady and progressive development of the continental marine economy. The abundant marine resources and the huge demand market for marine products and services have laid the groundwork for the development of the mainland's modern marine industry. Based on modern technology and advanced concepts, the modern marine industry has comprehensively developed various marine production, service and management activities, and has become a hot spot for global economic growth. On the blue journey of a maritime power, state-owned central enterprises are building heavy equipment, bravely innovating, and operating finely, and promoting the sustainable development of the modern marine industry with safety support, scientific and technological research and development, and marine services.
Blue Ocean Heavy Equipment is manufactured by central enterprises
With sea water as the base and sea breeze as the wings, the marine industry is booming. According to the data, in 2022, the total production value of the national marine industry will be 9,462.8 billion yuan, an increase of 1.9% over the previous year, accounting for 7.8% of GDP. The modern marine industry, represented by offshore oil and gas exploitation, marine fishery, marine transportation, marine tourism and other fields, has moved from tradition to high-end, green and intelligent. Marine frontiers and strategic emerging industries are constantly developing and growing. The grid-connected scale of offshore wind power has reached 2 million kilowatts, the daily output of seawater desalination has exceeded 600,000 tons, and 3-5 national-level marine ranch demonstration zones have been newly established. The integrated development of the port has been further promoted, and the cargo throughput of the port has reached 1.8 billion tons. The Blue Book of Marine Economy: Report on the Development of China's Marine Economy (2021-2022) jointly released by Shandong University of Finance and Economics and Social Sciences Academic Press predicts that in 2023, the country's gross marine product will exceed 10 trillion yuan, reaching about 10.4 trillion yuan. The ship is to the ocean, just as the horse is to the plain, and it is the "instrument" to ride the wind and waves. China is the largest shipbuilding country, and about 40% of the world's ships are made in China. From January to July 2023, the mainland's shipbuilding completions were 24.09 million dwt, up 15.6% year-on-year, and new orders were 44.76 million dwt, up 74% year-on-year. Behind this, central enterprises insist on overcoming technology, breaking monopoly, and opening up the chain. In the field of design and construction of luxury Ro-Ro passenger ships, Guangzhou Shipbuilding International, a subsidiary of CSSC, has successively conquered key core technologies such as weight center of gravity control technology and vibration and noise control technology, and formed a number of core patents for the design of Ro-Ro passenger ships, completely breaking the monopoly of foreign technology and promoting the formation of a complete industrial chain and supply chain in China. Since then, nearly 20 high-end luxury Ro-Ro passenger ships of 11 types will be located in the Bohai Bay and South China Sea in China, the Baltic Sea, the North Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and other sea areas abroad. Take a boat ride and you'll have a panoramic view of the energy bonanza on the seabed. As early as 1887, off the coast of California, the United States, the world's first offshore exploration well was drilled in the sea at a depth of several meters, which opened the prelude to offshore oil exploration. In 1993, the first modern offshore oil field developed by the mainland's self-operated exploration and development was put into production. Thirty years later, in the first half of 2023, CNOOC's net oil and gas production reached 331.8 million barrels of oil equivalent, up 8.9% year-on-year. In the first half of 2023, CNOOC Limited generated about 70% of its net production from China. As the largest LNG supplier in China, CNOOC Limited has focused on key core technologies such as the efficient development of deep-water deep and low-side heavy oilfields, strongly supporting the growth of oil and gas reserves, and continued to promote the construction of unmanned offshore platforms and intelligent oilfields, making Shenhai No. 1 the world's first ultra-large deepwater platform with remote control production capacity.
On June 25, 2021, as the first self-operated ultra-deepwater gas field in mainland China, the "Shenhai No. 1" gas field was put into operation, marking the full realization of China's offshore oil industry from 300 meters of deep water to 1,500 meters of ultra-deep water. In the past two years, the cumulative production of natural gas has exceeded 5 billion cubic meters, and with the intensification of climate change, mankind hopes to get rid of the problem of fossil energy pollution and promote the development of marine biodiversity. Today's wind harnessers are no longer sails, but offshore wind turbines. According to the World Bank (WBG), the global offshore wind technology has a potential of 71 billion kilowatts, which means that if we develop 1% of it, we can meet 10% of the world's electricity demand. For this stage of development, the International Energy Agency (IEA) and other agencies have reported that if the Earth's temperature rise is limited to 1.5°C, global offshore wind capacity needs to reach 2,000 GW by 2050, compared to less than 3% of this target. Looking at the "2022 Statistical Briefing on China's Wind Power Hoisting Capacity" released by the Wind Energy Professional Committee of the Chinese Renewable Energy Society: by the end of 2022, there were 37 offshore wind power development enterprises, of which 6 had a cumulative installed capacity of more than 1 million kilowatts, accounting for 70.1% of the cumulative installed capacity of all offshore wind power. It will not be easy for China's wind power to go deep into the sea. In the view of Lei Mingshan, secretary of the party group and chairman of the Three Gorges Corporation, it is necessary to solve the problems of "big" and "innovative". It refers to the reduction of the amortization of operation and maintenance costs and construction costs by increasing the size of wind turbines. Innovation refers to the subversion of the structural form of the wind turbine foundation, such as the emergence of new foundation technologies such as floating foundation, gravity foundation, composite foundation foundation, and negative pressure cylinder foundation. And the installation method of wind turbines may change from the current one-by-one installation to the installation of multiple fans on one large ship. "Improving efficiency is the key to reducing costs, and to achieve electricity parity in offshore wind power, it is necessary to sort out the entire industry chain, and manufacturers and operators will become a community through new forms of cooperation and work together to improve efficiency. Lei Mingshan said. The boat goes to the other side, and the car goes too. Above the ocean, a series of technologically advanced cross-sea tunnels have built a development bridge between straits and bays. On May 1, 2023, the Dalian Bay Submarine Tunnel and Guangming Road Extension, the first cross-sea immersed tunnel in the cold region of high latitudes in mainland China, were successfully opened to traffic. As the builder of the island tunnel project of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, the Shenzhen-Zhongshan Passage and the Dalian Bay Submarine Tunnel, CCCC First Harbor Co., Ltd. has overcome the construction problems of the world's cross-sea immersed tunnels and realized the localization of key technologies and equipment for the first time. In the process, a variety of construction technologies that break through the blockade of foreign technologies are practiced, and the independent self-control of a number of core technologies is at the forefront of the localization of immersed tube industry chain technology.
Green, digital and intelligent new marine development
The historical evolution of China's modern marine industry can be traced back to the late 50s and early 60s of the 20th century, and has gone through four stages: starting, adjusting, developing and deepening. At present, the mainland's marine science and technology is still facing the status quo of weak foundation, and the industry believes that greening and digital intelligence are important means to seize the future. On the one hand, in the face of the arduous task of marine environmental protection, central enterprises lead the "green voyage" of marine development, leaving a blue sea and blue sky for future generations. At the China Shipbuilding Hudong-Zhonghua Shipyard, a 13,000-container dual-fuel container ship uses liquefied natural gas (LNG) in addition to traditional petroleum fuels, which can directly reduce greenhouse gas emissions by more than 28%. There is also a new design of the bow windshield, which can effectively reduce the wind resistance of the ship when driving, so that the ship can reduce fuel consumption by about 2% during normal driving, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing carbon emissions. According to Zhou Qinghua, director of China Shipbuilding Jiangnan Shipbuilding Development Research Institute, the R&D side adopts the research and development of green ships, carbon reduction in the manufacturing process, and carbon emissions are calculated in the whole industry chain. "CNOOC Limited is committed to achieving carbon peak by 2028 and carbon neutrality by 2050. Zhou Xinhuai, CEO and President of CNOOC, said that the successful grid-connected power generation of the "CNOOC Guanlan" and the Wenchang Deep Sea Floating Wind Power Demonstration and Application Project has accumulated experience for China's wind power from shallow to deep sea. The Enping 15-1 Oilfield CCS Demonstration Project was successfully put into operation, filling the gap in China's offshore carbon dioxide sequestration technology. According to the data, the structure of new ship orders in mainland China has been optimized, and the repair ratio (revised gross tonnage/deadweight tonnage) has reached 0.485, and since 2022, green power ships have accounted for about 50% of new orders in mainland China. In the deep sea of high cold and high pressure, electromagnetic waves cannot be reached, and satellite signals cannot be reached, and it is a completely dark "no man's land". In response to this challenge, central enterprises are focusing on improving their capabilities in data analysis, intelligent upgrading, model simulation, and ocean observation. "We must write about the coast as well as the sea, and we must do both the surface and the seabed. Ye Cong, deputy director of the 702nd Research Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, told the "State-owned Assets Report" reporter that it is urgent to promote the infrastructure construction of the marine industry, and the development of informatization and intelligence is the top priority. It is understood that in 2022, the total output value of China's shipbuilding industry will exceed 400 billion yuan, accounting for nearly 3% of the total output value of the manufacturing industry. It can be seen that China's marine shipbuilding industry is promoting the transformation of labor-intensive development model to technology-intensive. In recent years, promoting the transformation and upgrading of the shipbuilding industry with digitalization and intelligence has become the key work of China Shipbuilding Group and its subsidiaries. For example, in the process of ship design, Guangzhou Shipyard International has applied the production design concept of standardization and reduction to the development of the resource integration platform, and developed a safety and environmental protection intelligent management and control platform to realize the control of the whole life cycle of solid waste, meet the informatization and digital needs of the "waste-free factory", and achieve lean management. Up to now, the shipbuilding cycle has been shortened by an average of 30 days, the total amount of solid waste generation has been greatly reduced, and the carbon emission reduction has been reduced by 13,000 tons. Since signing the GSBN service agreement of the Blockchain Technology Alliance for the Shipping Industry in September 2020, COSCO SHIPPING and its partners have provided a reliable digital platform for supply chain logistics through an open system architecture and excellent data supervision system. In 2023, COSCO SHIPPING International Freight Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of COSCO SHIPPING Lines, applied for the use of IQAX eBL blockchain electronic bill of lading for the paperless flow of bills of lading on characteristic US-Canada routes, and successfully operated the electronic bill of lading to transmit to the United States, realizing a smooth and closed loop of paperless flow. According to statistics, through this move, the company has reduced the mailing cost of cross-border original bills of lading by nearly 80%, reduced the counter delivery of documents, reduced the occupation rate of working capital, and avoided the risk of demurrage for customers. Blue granary, safety first. The future focus of marine fisheries is to accelerate the adjustment of production structure, and turn extensive fisheries into new and efficient fisheries and blue smart granaries. On July 19, 2023, the "5G Smart Ocean Development Research Report" released by China Mobile and the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology shows that the 5G smart ocean industry ecosystem has taken shape and has become a new engine to promote the high-quality development of the marine economy. In the field of marine fishery and fishery administration, 5G is mainly used for fishing vessel management and operation supervision, enabling the whole life cycle process of fishery administration, aquaculture and fishing, cold chain transportation, and seafood sales. In Shandong, China Mobile has implemented 5G+ marine ranching applications, transmitting marine environment and fish breeding data to the marine ranching analysis platform through 5G, creating 5G applications such as marine data monitoring, remote consultation of fish diseases, data analysis of the whole process of breeding, and automated feed feeding, so that the survival rate of marine ranching exceeds 98% and feed waste is reduced by 40%.
Deepening marine services and embracing the blue ocean market
The core essence of building a maritime power is to care about the ocean, understand the ocean, and manage the ocean. From farming culture to marine culture, domestic consumers' perception and understanding of the ocean often start from sea travel. China Merchants Cruises pioneered China's first five-star flag cruise operation, opened the "Bay Area from the Sea" project, built a five-star on-site cruise port, filled the gap in cruise tourism in Shenzhen, and made positive contributions to the construction of a strong maritime province in Guangdong Province. COSCO SHIPPING has a large number of modern cruise ships to provide passengers with high-quality cruise tourism services. China Harbor Engineering Co., Ltd. combines marine tourism with port construction, actively promotes the construction of marine tourism infrastructure, and provides yacht rental, sea fishing, diving and other services.
In 2007, Sanya Phoenix Island International Cruise Terminal was completed and opened to traffic. In 2012, the "Dream of the South China Sea" cruise ship was built by Guangzhou Guangzhou Shipyard International Co., Ltd., China's first shipbuilding listed company, and is now operated and managed by Sansha Dream Cruise Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of China Travel Service Group. Relevant practitioners believe that the synergy between precision environmental protection and cultural tourism needs to be improved. "The most important thing for cruise ships is economies of scale, and for central enterprise cruises, we must work together to deal with the commercial barriers formed by foreign-funded cruise ships for hundreds of years. Chen Jingfan, director and chief financial officer of Sansha Nanhai Dream Cruise Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of China Travel Service Group, said in an interview that on the way to a maritime power, central enterprises are actively fulfilling their social responsibilities while innovating marine products. Sansha Cruise has not only become a volunteer "traffic station" and "courier" for Sansha soldiers, but also built a maritime mobile museum on the cruise ship, so that tourists can learn about the history of China's maritime development. The risks of the marine natural environment are large and unpredictable, which not only brings challenges to the tourism service industry, but also makes it more difficult to transform the achievements of marine science and technology innovation, so the help of "blue finance" is urgently needed. "The development of blue finance is necessary and urgent for China. Zhang Chenghui, former director of the Institute of Finance of the Development Research Center of the State Council, pointed out that blue finance needs policy support, coordination between the government and the market, and innovation of financial instruments and financial products. The combination of financial instruments is crucial. At present, the world vigorously advocates the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and the mainland accelerates the promotion of "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality" In this context, CSLC has seized the opportunity of relevant sustainable bond policy support, innovated sustainable development financing models, laid out sustainable development finance business, and has successively launched new financing models such as sustainable development loans and blue bonds, and successfully issued the company's first panda bond from March 3 to 6, which is the first sustainability-linked panda bond issued in the whole market in China, and is also the first appearance of a shipyard leasing company in China's domestic debt capital market. In recent years, COSCO SHIPPING Property & Casualty Captive Insurance Co., Ltd. has sought breakthroughs in service mechanisms, and has built a series of customer service systems, such as customer risk assessment and reduction mechanism, customer information sharing mechanism, ship insurance renewal mechanism, and major case claim mechanism, leading shipping captive insurance to embark on the road of standardization and standardization. "COSCO SHIPPING Captive Insurance can play a role as a bridge between the shipping industry and the insurance industry, and can promote the in-depth cooperation between the shipping industry and the insurance industry through co-insurance, reinsurance, business cooperation and outsourcing, so that the shipping industry can obtain higher quality insurance services. Wei Xiao, deputy general manager of the shipping insurance department of COSCO SHIPPING Captive Insurance Co., Ltd., said. In the future, talent will also be the top priority in the development of blue finance. "Blue finance has just started, and relevant talents are basically in a blank state, so the training of professional talents is very important. Zhang Chenghui thinks. It is worth noting that there are still many problems in the development of the continental marine economy, such as unbalanced industrial structure, uncoordinated marine economic linkage, unbalanced regional development of marine economy, and insignificant exploration of marine economic potential. "For example, the development of marine high-tech industries is slow, the output efficiency of the marine economy is not high, the marine economy and marine resources are not clear, the endogenous power of the marine economy is insufficient, and the ability to resist external shocks is weak. Professor Yin Kedong, Dean of the Institute of Marine Economics and Management of Shandong University of Finance and Economics, introduced. Han Limin, vice president and professor of the Institute of Marine Development of Ocean University of China, believes that first, it is necessary to improve the technical level of the marine industry, and second, it is necessary to promote the upgrading of the marine industry value chain and grasp the leading power of the international value chain of the marine industry as soon as possible. Specifically, it includes: enhancing the ability of independent innovation, shaping the core competitiveness of the industry, penetrating into the technology-intensive value chain links such as R&D and design of the marine industry, sharing the profits of the sales link through the cultivation of independent brands, building large-scale multinational marine enterprises, cultivating their international value chain integration capabilities, and enhancing their control and influence in the international division of labor network of the marine industry. At the same time, on the basis of regional resource endowment and comparative advantages, the regional layout of marine industry should be optimized. "Gradually break down the barriers to the flow of production factors between regions and establish an integrated regional market, we should pay attention to the industrial chain and product chain as the carrier for the layout of marine industry categories for specific regions and build marine industrial clusters. Han Limin said.
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