Zhang Tingyu, one of the "Twenty-Four Histories", wrote the "History of Ming", and in the process of decades-long revision, a number of drafts were formed. The relationship between the formation of these drafts is complex, and it is still an important academic topic in the history of historiography that needs to be thoroughly resolved. Xu Qianxue, as president, compiled a very valuable draft of the "History of Ming", but because the academic community learned that the existence of this draft was a recent event, especially the author of its preface signed "Han Fangzhuo", his life was difficult to find, resulting in the academic community so far know very little about this draft, and even major misunderstandings. This article uses a large number of materials to examine and propose that Han Fang Zhuoshi is the number of Shen Chaochu, a suzhou native in the early Qing Dynasty, with the purpose of unveiling one of the mysteries of Xu Qianxue's draft of the "History of Ming".
Because the author did not read a wide book, until the publication of the "Ming Dynasty History Collection" edited by Qu Wanli in Taiwan, he did not know anything about Xu Qianxue's "History of Ming" (the title or "Biography of Ming History", which is hereby referred to as used in the main text of the original book), and it was not until Mr. Li Weimin published two papers on this book in a row from 2007 to 2008 that he knew that the author and value of this book had yet to be examined. Since 2007 to the present nine years, the author is mainly engaged in the revision of Zhang Tingyu's "History of Ming" point school, this book has become one of the various kinds of Ming history drafts commonly used in the revision, more contact with it, so gradually developed some understanding of it, I first drafted this article, specializing in the history of the history of the book is still a mystery of the name of the author of the preface to the book, I hope to give advice from the fang family.
<h1 toutiao-origin="h1" > one or six identical experiences and messages</h1>
Xu Qianxue's "History of Ming" is the first volume of the book, containing an ordered speech, and its author is signed "Han Fangzhuo". [1] This signature is also found at the beginning of the qing Dynasty Cao Mengyuan's Records of the Martyrdom of Kunshan, who wrote an ordered account of the book, entitled "Preface to the Records of Martyrdom", and signed at the end as "Lou Mei Han Fang Zhuo Preface". [2] Other records containing these three words have not yet been discovered by the author. How does this person live? It can be seen from Zha Xuqianxue's preface to the ming history that Han Fangzhuo signed the preface (hereinafter referred to as the "Han Preface") that Han Fangzhuo served in the Hanlin Academy. As is well known, those who served in the Hanlin Academy should be at least from the jinshi background, but no roster of qing dynasty jinshi did not contain the name of Han Fangzhuo. This shows that these three words are not an ordinary personal name. After repeated research, the author found that the original name that was usually used and well known by people was actually Shen Chaochu, because the experience and information of "Han Fangzhuo" recorded in the "Han Preface" signed by "Han Fangzhuo" were completely consistent with the experience and information of Shen Zhaochu.
In the "Preface to Han", the author describes one of his experiences as: "For another three years, he made up for the history bureau, and the teeth were ten people, and he was close to Gong (referring to Xu Qianxue). Reading only this passage makes it difficult to understand its meaning. But after reading the following two historical documents, the situation will change:
Li Fu's "First Draft of Mu Tang" Volume 26 Shen Dynasty Early Epitaph inscription:
(Kangxi) Xin You (20 years) (Shen Dynasty Chu) taught editing. In the first month of the twenty-fourth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, the imperial examination was conducted in the Bohol Palace, and the Qianqing Palace was re-tested on the day of the day, and there were only eleven people, and the jun and yan.
Records of the Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty, vol. 119:
(Kangxi Twenty-fourth Year First Month Yi Unit) Summoned Han Zhan's ministers to the Bohol Hall... (February Ding You), The Ministry of Officials: The state set up the Hanlin Academy Yamen, originally to store talents, to study literature, for the compilation of consultants... Now the hanlin officials, special examinations, and relatives will be carefully read, and the orders will be divided into orders to show persuasion and punishment. Xu Qianxue, Han Ling, Sun Yueyi, Gui Yunsu, Qiao Cai, excellent learning, quaint articles, it is advisable to reward them. Peng Sunsun and other literature are also familiar, and they serve as usual, study diligently, and purify them. Zhou Zhilin... Liberal arts and sciences are absurd, not skillful, difficult to overcome... All are called to the product. Erbu obeys the commandments.
Analyzing the contents of the above two paragraphs, combined with a passage quoted in the Han Preface, and judging it, it is clear that in the spring of the twenty-fourth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, as an official of the Hanlin Academy, Shen Chaochu, together with all his colleagues, accepted the Kangxi Emperor's examination at the Bohol Palace, and obtained good results with ten other people (including Xu Qianxue) and took the re-examination at the Qianqing Palace. A total of eleven people achieved good results. The so-called "tooth to ten people" refers to Shen Chaochu's juxtaposition with the other ten people and his good grades; the reason why he "became close to Gong (Xu Qianxue)" was because he and Xu Qianxue received this honor together. The so-called "only eleven people" refers to the fact that Shen Chaochu was counted, and a total of eleven people participated in the re-examination at the Qianqing Palace because of their good results. A thorough clarification of the above contents undoubtedly leads to a fairly clear conclusion: the experience of the so-called "Han Fangzhuo" who took the imperial examination and achieved good results in the "Han Preface" is actually in line with the experience of Shen Chaochu who accepted the imperial examination in the twenty-fourth year of the Kangxi Dynasty.
The "Han Preface" also writes: "Gong (Xu Qianxue) Zhong Haidai's spirit, with the "Poetry" and "Li" Ze, weak crown Dengjia branch, into the dictionary, the posture is large, the article is elegant, and the people are supplemented by the public period." When the museum is stored, the celebrities of the north and south are all in the south, and the rest is fortunate to be indiscriminate. Every time they get together, they talk and laugh, and their tongues are crossed. The public independence is often quiet during the day, burying the front and the ying, people can not predict its shallow depth, and the material is the day of fame. This means that Han Fangzhuo had worked with Xu Qianxue in the Dictionary (i.e., hanlin Academy). Looking at the Records of the Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty, vol. 81 Kangxi Eighteenth Year May Yi Wei Tiao, Shen Chaochu was selected as the Shu Jishi of hanlin Yuan from May of the eighteenth year of Kangxi. [3] And Zha Hanjun's "Youhuaitang Anthology" volume 18 "Xu Qianxue Xingzhi", Xu Qianxue was restored to the post of kangxi (fourteenth year), and the next year (Kangxi fifteenth year) was promoted to right Zanshan, "Winter, Lady Gu's death", "serve removal (according to the calculation of the twenty-seventh month of the Ding worry period, the service has been removed to the beginning of the eighteenth year of Kangxi), and the deceased official (right Zanshan)". [4] In the early Qing Dynasty system, although Zanshan belonged to the Zhan ShiFu, in fact, the duties of the officials of the Zhan Shi Mansion and the officials of the Hanlin Yuan were almost indistinguishable, and the establishment of the Zhan Shi Mansion was a step for the transfer of the ministers of the Preparatory Words, and its status and treatment could be regarded as the same as that of the officials of the Hanlin Yuan. In the spring of the twenty-fourth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Xu Qianxue was interviewed by the emperor to the officials of the Hanlin Academy, and his official title was Zhan Shifu Zhan Shi. [5] It can be seen from this that when Shen Was elected as the Shu Jishi of the Hanlin Academy in the eighteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Although Xu Qianxue's official title was nominally the praise of the Zhan Shifu, in fact his status was equivalent to that of the official of the Hanlin Academy. From this point of view, the experience of Han Fangzhuo and Xu Qianxue working together in the Dictionary (i.e., Hanlin Academy) recorded in the "Preface to Han" is consistent with the experience of Shen Chaochu and Xu Qianxue working together in the Ciguan (i.e., Hanlin Academy) at the beginning of the 18th year of the Kangxi Dynasty.
The "Preface to Han" records that shortly after Han Fangzhuo accepted the Kangxi Emperor's examination in the twenty-fourth year of Kangxi, he returned to his hometown to keep filial piety due to the death of his father, and then returned home after a short comeback, so Xu Qianxue, who was the Great Sikou (Shangshu of the Punishment Department), wrote a letter of condolence to him. Its original text reads: "After working together for a year, Yu suffered hardships, sought and discussed with the officials, and had a year of family food." The male and female couples do not hesitate to strengthen their teeth and teeth. Soon after, Yu returned to bed. Si Shi took the throne of the Grand Si Kou, and the GongFu comforted the remnants with a handwritten letter. Consulting the Records of the Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty, vols. 113, vol. 135, and Vol. 151, as well as the Youhuaitang Manuscripts, vol. 18, Xu Qianxue, "Xu Qianxue Xingzhi", "Collected Writings of The Garden", vol. 11, "Thanks to Heavenly Grace", Xu Qianxue began to serve as the Shangshu of the Punishment Department in February of the 27th year of the Kangxi Dynasty, and in May of the same year, the former official was dismissed, and he still led the presidents of the various museums, and in April of the twenty-ninth year he brought the bookstore to his home to edit, and in April of the 39th year, he dismissed the Shangshu of the Punishment Department, and withdrew the bookstore, "according to the will to continue to enter the prescribed (book) grass." [6] It can be seen that the above-mentioned experience of Han Fang Zhuoding's worries after twenty-four years of Kangxi, a brief trip to Beijing, and the overall situation was not smooth, no later than April of the 30th year of Kangxi. Cha "Mu Tang First Draft" volume 26 "Shen Dynasty Early Epitaph", which also has a corresponding record of Shen Dynasty Chu: "(Kangxi Yi ugly 24 years) July, outside the difficult return. Fu Yan and the second into the capital, Nongshen (thirty-one years) in March to the Right Chunfang Right Praise. [7] In the twenty-seventh month of Ding You, the first entry into the Shen Dynasty recorded here should be from the second half of the 28th year to the beginning of the 29th year of the Kangxi Dynasty. The above two records are slightly different in detail, and the epitaph is even more extensive. Obviously, it is for the sake of the general epitaph that says as little as possible about "walking in the city of wheat". But there is no contradiction between the basic conditions recorded in the two. This once again shows the consistency of Han Fangzhuo's experience with shen chaochu.
In the "Han Preface", it is said: "Yu Ya regards the gong as ten years long. This is to say that Han Fangzhuo's age is more than ten years old compared with Xu Qianxue. According to the "Youhuaitang Anthology" volume 18 "Xu Qian's Study Behavior", Xu Qian's student was in November of the fourth year of Chongzhen (1631); according to the "Mutang First Draft" volume 26 "Shen Dynasty Initial Epitaph", Shen Chaochu was born in May of Shunzhi (1649). Calculated from this, Shen Chaochu was 18 years younger than Xu Qianxue. Compared with Xu Qianxue's age, the gap between Han Fangzhuo and Shen Chaochu is the same.
At the end of the "Han Preface", the place of origin of the author Han Fangzhuo is Wumen, and the place of origin recorded in the "Martyrdom Narrative" written by Han Fangzhuo at the beginning of the "Kunshan Martyrdom Record" is "Lou Mei". [8] Checking the Index of Inscriptions and Inscriptions of Ming and Qing Jinshi, Shen Chaochu registered his place of origin when he took the jinshi examination in the eighteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty as Wu County. [9] The First Draft of Mu Tang, vol. 26, "Epitaph of the First Shen Dynasty", records: "From his ancestor, a certain person, he lived in Su Zhikun. "In the "Index of Inscriptions and Inscriptions of The Ming and Qing Dynasties", it is recorded that Shen Xuchu, the brother of Shen Zhaochu, also registered his place of origin when he took the entrance examination in the fifteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty was also Kunshan. [10] It can be seen that the place of origin of the early Shen Dynasty can be called both Wu County and Kunshan Mountain, the reason for which may be the original Kunshan Mountain, which was later moved to Wu County. According to the meaning of "Wumen", it can refer to the seat of Suzhou Fuzhi, that is, the seat of Wu County, or to the seat of Suzhou Fuzhi, that is, the seat of WuXian County, and the surrounding prefectures and counties such as Changshu, Kunshan, Wujiang, and Taicang. In addition, "Lou Mei" refers to the banks of the Lou River, and the Minutes of Reading the History of Public Opinion, Vol. 24, "Suzhou Fu", says: "The Lou River, outside the east Lou Gate of the present-day (Suzhou) City, also flows from Wujiang County, flows to the south and northeast of the city (Suzhou) to Loumen Gate, and flows east into the territory of Kunshan County." [11] It can be seen that "Lou Mei" can refer to both Wujiang County and Wu county, Kunshan County, etc. From the above, it can be seen that the Han Fangzhuo's places of origin "Wumen" and "Lou Mei" recorded at the end of the "Han Sequence" and the "Record of Martyrdom" are still the same as the historical records of Shen Chaochu's birthplace of Wu County and Kunshan.
In the "Preface to Han", when talking about Xu Qianxue's book "History of Ming", it is said: "Even if the book is also unfinished, and it is neatly ordered at the time to save the public hand, then the gongmen Yuan Han Shu has really made a contribution." From this, it can be seen that Han Fangzhuo, the author of "Han Preface", knows Han quite well. The "Mutang Preliminary Draft" volume 26 "Shen Dynasty Early Epitaph" records that Shen Chaochu was already familiar with Han Zhao as early as before the Kangxi Pengwu (seventeenth year, 1678) was raised: "The ancient Libu Shangshu Han Gongjun, the article is the lord of the sea, Fang Fu is in liyun, Jun (Shen Chaochu) and his two brothers Yan Yu at home, discussing. Wu Wu (Kangxi seventeenth year) Kui Qijing, has not yet (Kangxi eighteen years) into the Jinshi. [12] From this point of view, Han Fangzhuo and Shen Chaochu also had consistency in their familiarity with Han Zhao.
The "Preface to Han" is not a full account of the author Han Fangzhuo's experience and all aspects of the information, but mainly only the author Han Fangzhuo and the author of the "History of Ming" Xu Qianxue's experience and information to be narrated, the number is limited, in the limited number of relevant experiences and information in the limited number of its narratives, due to the limited number of historical data retained, the number of people who can clearly examine it today is even smaller. The six points of experience and information of Han Fangzhuo narrated in the "Han Sequence" analyzed above are close to the entire experience and information of Han Fangzhuo narrated in the "Han Sequence" that can be clearly examined today using existing data. And as analyzed above, it can be proved that they are all consistent with Shen Chaochu's experience and information, which cannot but make us believe that the Han Fangzhuo described in the "Han Preface" should be Shen Chaochu's person.
<h1 toutiao-origin="h1" >2, "Han Fangzhuo" is the number of Shen Chaochu</h1>
The above argument has determined that "Han Fangzhuo" is "Shen Chaochu", and the next person who needs to be discussed is why the author signed the name "Han Fangzhuo" in the "Han Preface" (also including the "Martyrdom Narrative") instead of "Shen Chaochu". The author's explanation is that "Shen Chaochu" is its real name, and "Han Fangzhuo" is its number, and the ancients often used the number for the name of the text, which is not surprising. But why did Shen Chaochu use the name "Han Fangzhuo"? This needs to be studied. The author believes that this is influenced by the name and word of his father.
His father's name was Shiyi (世奕), the character Han Zhuo (汉倬), Shunzhi Yiwei (12th year) Jinshi, and the official Hanlin. [13] Its name and characters are taken from the Han Yi section of the Book of Poetry and Daya. The poem consists of six chapters, six sentences each, which recounts the events of the Han Hou dynasty meeting King Xuan of Zhou (reigned from 827 BC to 782 BC) during the reign of King Xuan of Western Zhou. Han was a feudal state of Western Zhou, and the founding prince was the son of King Wu of Zhou, the Marquis, and this Korea existed from about the 11th century BC to 771 BC, with a total of twelve kings. The founding prince of Korea was appointed by Zhou Tianzi as the chief of the Hundred Barbarians, while his successor was weak and lost his job. By the time of King Xuan, the king of Korea was a political elite, and when he met king Xuan of Zhou, he was encouraged and re-rewarded with the land of The Hundred Barbarians, re-ascended to the throne of Hou Bo, and restored his ancestral inheritance. [14] The first four sentences of the first chapter of the poem "Han Yi" read: "Yi Yi Liang Shan, Wei Yu Dian Zhi, there is a way, Han Hou is ordained." "Yi Yi, the meaning of tall; Liangshan, the town mountain that is the tallest and most majestic town in Korea." Dian" means remediation; "WeiYu Dian Zhi" refers to Dayu's treatment of floods and making the area where Korea is located a livable place. "倬", superb and conspicuous; "There is a way to do it, and the Marquis of Han is ordained", which refers to the han marquis during the reign of King Xuan of Zhou, who had a superb, conspicuous, and eye-catching way of governing the country, so he was appreciated by King Xuan of Zhou, and once again ordered him to be the head of a hundred barbarians and become Hou Bo. The title of this poem, "Han Yi", comes from its first sentence "Yi Yi Liang Shan". The main theme of the poem, in addition to praising king Zhou Xuan's ability to appoint meritocracy, is to commend the Han Marquis of Zhou's era for ruling the country, thus restoring the ancestral inheritance and reviving Korea. Shen Shiyi's name "Shiyi", the character "Han Zhuo", its meaning is to pray that his Shen family can improve their cultivation for generations, enhance their skills, stand out, attract attention, expand their influence, and do things for the country, so that they can be rewarded by the imperial court, and the world is tall and his Shen clan court, just like the Han Hou who revitalized Korea during the reign of King Xuan of Zhou. Shen Chaochu took the name "Han Fangzhuo" for himself, which was intended to express the ambition to inherit the meaning of his father's name. The word "Fang" in the middle of the three characters refers to the Zhou Dynasty's important minister "Fang Shu" who was at the same time as the Marquis of Han at the time of King Xuan of Zhou, and he and another Zhou Dynasty heavy minister at the same time summoned (also known as Shao) Hu to help King Xuan of Zhou achieve the prosperity of the Zhou Dynasty. The Book of Poetry has the "Cai Qian" section, which is the praise of Uncle Fang's many merits: both "conquest of the otters" and "to cut down the barbarian thorns", so that "all of them will submit to the power of king Xuan of (Zhou)". [15] The so-called "Fang Zhuo" means to pray for excellence like Uncle Fang. In this way, the three words of "Han Fang Zhuo" are not only related to the word "Han Zhuo" of Shen Shiyi's name, but also because Uncle Fang was a heavy subject of the Heavenly Son at that time and his status was higher than that of the simultaneous Han Hou, and the three words themselves just reflected the meaning of the prayer expressed by the word "Shi Yi" in Shen Shiyi's name. Shen Chaochu attached great importance to the realization of his father's wish. The First Draft of Mu Tang, Vol. 26, "Epitaph of the Beginning of the Shen Dynasty", records that Shen Chaochu was a person, "The nature is solid and profound, major festivals, the journey inside the door, the hardships outside it, and the northern hall, there is the meaning of the end." After serving for two years, Tai Gongren urged him to go to the Beijing Division. Gai Jun's examination of the compilation of the cultivation is Chen Qing's final cultivation, and the Three Emperors are responsible for the Zhulang, so the Taigong people use this intention to encourage each other, and Jun Nai has to do it. The so-called "Three Dynasties" refers to the edicts of the three generations to accept the emperor's reward, which is the same as the meaning of the aforementioned "Shiyi" "Shiyi's lofty And Shen's Court". Shen Chaochu's emphasis on the practical action of realizing the "Three Lives of the Xi Dynasty" provides important evidence for the author's above explanations of the three characters of "Han Fangzhuo" as the name of Shen Chaochu.
<h1 toutiao-origin="h1" > III. The Book of Errors in the Writing Time of the Preface to Han and the Supplement to the Information on the Same Experiences of Han and Shen</h1>
At the end of the Han Preface, the preface is written as "Kangxi Jia Chenchun". According to kangxi jiachen for the third year of kangxi, this time is obviously a mistake. The "Han Preface" states: "Gong (Xu Qianxue) is not very dead, and it is the book (Xu Qianxue's "History of Ming") from the brother-in-law Mr. Guoting. As mentioned above, in April of the 30th year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Xu Qianxue was stripped of his official title of Shangshu of the Punishment Department and removed from the bookstore where he had been brought to his original hometown, but was ordered to continue to enter the prescribed shucao. According to the Youhuaitang Manuscript, vol. 18, "Xu Qianxue's Behavior", it is recorded that Xu Qianxue "died on July 17, 1933 of the Kangxi Dynasty." From this, it can be seen that this Xu Qianxue "History of Ming", which originated from Xu Qianxue's younger brother Guoting (that is, Xu Bingyi, Guoting as his name), was presented to the Ming History Museum by Xu Bingyi on behalf of Xu Qianxue shortly after Xu Qianxue's death in July of the thirty-third year of the Kangxi Dynasty. This happened thirty years after the spring of Kangxi Jiachen (three years), and Han Fangzhuo (i.e., Shen Chaochu) could not have written it down prophetically as early as thirty years ago, and the word "Jiachen" or "Gengchen" (Kangxi Thirty-nine Years) was mistaken, and the word "Geng" in it was mistakenly written as "Jia". According to xu bingyi's epitaph, volume 24 of the "Continuation of the Two Counties of Kunxin" and Xu Rulin's "Epitaph of Xu Bingyi" in volume 4 of the "Collected Works of Dexingtang", Xu Bingyi was appointed president of the "History of Ming" in the 39th year of Kangxi (庚辰), until kangxi's death in the 50th year. [16] According to Xiong Zhilu's "Collection of Bathhouses" volume 2,"Jincheng Ming Shizha" and Yang Chun's "Book of presidents of the Ming Jian Gangmu again", Xiong Zhilu, the superintendent and president of the "History of Ming" in the forty-first year of Kangxi, submitted to the emperor a new draft of the "History of Ming" formed by revising the draft of the "History of Ming" that Xu Yuanwen had already completed before his death, and he began this revision in the thirty-sixth year of Kangxi (this matter will be discussed in detail). [17] It seems that han Fangzhuo (i.e., the beginning of the Shen Dynasty) wrote a preface to Xu Qianxue's History of Ming in the thirty-ninth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (庚辰).
Xiong Zhilu's revision of the "History of Ming" did not use Xu Qianxue's "History of Ming" as a manuscript, which made some unique achievements related to Xu Qianxue easy to drown and be lost, so that xu Qianxue's contributions were no longer known. When Xu Bingyi became the president of the Ming Shi in the thirty-ninth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, even before that, it should have been known that Xu Bingyi, as Xu Qianxue's younger brother and also the president of the Ming History, even from the perspective of feelings, did not seem to turn a blind eye to and be indifferent to the fact that Xu Qianxue's contribution would be forgotten. This led to Xu Bingyi's invitation to Shen Chaochu to write a preface to Xu Qianxue's History of Ming in order to expand its influence. In the "Han Preface", it is said: "Yu Xing prepared Lu Lingguang with Hushan, then the preface is the book (referring to Xu Qianxue's "History of Ming") who is not Yu but who? It is by the simplicity of Mr. Guoting that he leads to this end. The text in the "Han Preface" that explains the origin of the author's writing of this preface provides support for the author's above inference. The direct cause of the above miswriting of the year, or a common "panic point with error trap" in one of the various situations that lead to the miswriting. When Han Fangzhuo wrote the preface, he used the method of sixty flowers to chronicle the year, and the concept of "jiazi" inevitably formed a point of excitement subconsciously in his mind, which led to the mistaken writing of the word "A" on the paper, thus replacing the word "Geng", and the mistake of "Gengchen" being written as "Jiachen" was born. In addition, the sentence "Yu Xing prepares Lu Lingguang with Hushan" in the above paragraph also provides a new basis for further confirmation of "Han Fangzhuo", that is, "Shen Chaochu", and should be given special attention.
The so-called "Lu Lingguang" refers to the Lingguang Hall built by the Han Jing Emperor Lu Gong in Qufu; later, due to the chaos of the war, the Weiyang Hall and the Jianzhang Hall in the Western Capital of the Han Dynasty were destroyed, but the Lingguang Hall was spared from disaster and stood alone. Later generations called "Lu Lingguang" a learned old adult. The so-called "lake and mountain" refers to the joy of the landscape, that is, to take off the official position and idle at home. The meaning of this sentence is: Yu Youxing enjoyed the pleasure of idleness at home and sightseeing in the mountains, so that he could prolong his life and gather among the learned old adults. The "lake and mountain" here is "idle at home, sightseeing in the mountains and waters", which reminds the author of a period of leisure experience recorded in the epitaph of the Shen Dynasty mentioned above: from July 24 to March 31 of the Kangxi Dynasty, he left his home for about seven years due to Ding worries and other reasons. It is also reminiscent of a period of idle experience after Han Fangzhuo was elected as a Shu Jishi recorded in the "Han Preface": "There is no He, Yu returned with illness, did not disperse the museum, and went out to supplement the History Bureau for three years." This period of idle experience, shen dynasty early epitaph lost load, the reason for the loss or out of the omission did not affect the overall situation and slightly close to the "maicheng" experience considerations. From the above two records, it is estimated that after Shen Chao first entered the career path, the time of leaving his home was nearly ten years. Such a nearly decade-long home experience is used to explain why people have been able to live a long life and become learned old adults, which should not be regarded as exaggerated. And this should also make the same experience of "Han Fangzhuo" and Shen Chaochu know more, so that the judgment that the two are one person adds another piece of evidence.
In addition, the "Beilu Lingguang" here is "counting among the learned old adults", which reminds the author of the eleven people who received the emperor's examination in the spring of the twenty-fourth year of kangxi mentioned above and obtained good results, they are all learned, and if they enter the old age, they are veritable "Lu Lingguang" figures. Limited by information, at present, the author can grasp the names of these eleven people only the six people recorded in the "Records of the Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty" and one Shen Dynasty Chu recorded in the epitaph of the Shen Dynasty. Three of these seven had already passed away by the time the Han Preface of the thirty-ninth year of the Kangxi Dynasty came out, the earliest being Gui Yunsu (Kangxi 28 years),[18] followed by Xu Qianxue (17 July 33rd of The Kangxi Dynasty, see above) and Qiao Lai (21 July of the 33rd year of the Kangxi Dynasty). [19] There were four other living people. Among them, Peng Sunsun had already left his post as early as the thirty-sixth year of Kangxi to return to his hometown of Haiyan, Zhejiang, and died in the spring of the thirty-ninth year of Kangxi,[20] and it was obvious that Xu Bingyi, who was in the capital, was inconvenient to ask him to write a preface to Xu Qianxue's book "History of Ming". The second was Han Zhao, who was still serving in the capital at the time, and was the right attendant of the official department, in charge of the Hanlin Academy, and was instructed to teach Shu Jishi. However, he was born in the tenth year of Chongzhen, and by the thirty-ninth year of Kangxi, he was sixty-four years old, and he was over the age of Hua Jia,[21] although he was an old adult with rare learning, Xu Bingyi inevitably had concerns when choosing to write the preface. In addition, as mentioned above, he had engaged in the matter of "neatly sorting out" Xu Qianxue's book "History of Ming"; in this way, Xu Bingyi could not ask him to write a preface to Xu Qianxue's "History of Ming", so as not to prevent the book from being fully commended by avoiding the suspicion of self-aggrandizement. The third was Sun Yuexuan, a native of Wu County, who had been on a smooth career since Kangxi had been admitted to the Imperial Examination in the twenty-first year and had been elected to the Shu JiShi until Kangxi died in the forty-seventh year, and it seemed that there would be no great inconvenience if he wrote the preface to Xu Qianxue's History of Ming. But he was born in the twelfth year of Chongzhen (1639), and by the spring of the thirty-ninth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, although he had become an old scholar and had already passed the age of flower armor, Xu Bingyi would not think twice about him when choosing the author of the preface. [22] Finally, shen chaochu, according to the "Mutang Preliminary Draft" volume 26 "Shen Dynasty Chu Epitaph", his person "(Kangxi) Ji Di (thirty-eight years) Xia Qian Hanlin Academy attendant bachelor, Gengchen (thirty-ninth year) Summer June 17 summoned the examination Changchun Garden ... It's the winter of the year, and I transfer to the bachelor's degree." This shows that Shen Chaochu was in the capital at the time of Kangxi's writing of the Han Preface in the spring of the 39th year, in other words, Xu Bingyi, who was serving in Beijing at the time, did not have the difficulty of living far away and inviting him in writing the preface. In addition, he was born in Shunzhi (six years), from which he was calculated to be the spring of the thirty-ninth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, and his age was fifty-two, which made him a scholar who had entered the stage of old age, and he was less than a flower armour, and his energy was relatively energetic, and his writing preface was much easier than that of Sun Yue, who was mentioned above. The above analysis shows that by the spring of the thirty-ninth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, when the person who chose to write the preface to Xu Qianxue's History of Ming, among the eleven people who obtained good results in the examination for the emperor in the twenty-fourth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, only Shen Chaochu was the most suitable. This seems to add another piece of evidence to the judgment that Han Fangzhuo is the beginning of the Shen Dynasty.
Attached Xu Qianxue's "History of Ming" Volume 1 Han Fang Zhuo Preface Seven Photographs
About author:Nan Bingwen, professor of the School of History of Nankai University, whose research direction is ming and qing history; Wei Shuyun, doctor of history, librarian of Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences, research direction is Ming and Qing history and Ming and Qing dynasty documents.
[1] See seven photographs of the preface attached at the end of the article. The following quotations from the preamble are reproduced in this photograph and are not attributed.
[2] (Qing) Cao Mengyuan: Records of the Martyrdom of Kunshan, Zhou Junfu, Biography series of the Ming Dynasty, vol. 69, Taiwan Ming Literature Bureau, 1991 edition, p. 454. This information is provided by Xueyou Teacher Zhang Lei, and we would like to express our gratitude.
[3] Records of the Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty, vol. 81, Kangxi 18th Year, May 1986-1987 Edition, Zhonghua Bookstore, 1986-1987.
[4] Han Ling: The Collected Works of Youhuaitang, vol. 18, Xu Qianxue Xingzhi, Kangxi 42nd Edition.
[5] Records of the Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty, vol. 118, Kangxi 23 December
[6] Han Ling: The Collected Works of Youhuaitang, vol. 18, Xu Qianxue Xingzhi.
[7] Li Fu: "The First Draft of Mu Tang", vol. 26, "Epitaph of the First Shen Dynasty", engraved in the ninth year of Qianlong.
[8] (Qing) Cao Mengyuan: Records of the Martyrdom of Kunshan, Zhou Junfu, Biographies of the Ming Dynasty, vol. 69, p. 454.
[9] Zhu Baojiong et al., Index of Inscriptions and Inscriptions of Ming and Qing Dynasty Scholars, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1980, p. 1138.
[10] Zhu Baojiong et al., Index of Inscriptions and Tablets of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, p. 1137.
[11] Gu Zuyu: Minutes of Reading the History of Public Opinion, vol. 24, Suzhou Fu, Zhonghua Bookstore, 2006, p. 1164.
[12] Li Fu: The First Draft of Mu Tang, vol. 26, Epitaph of the First Shen Dynasty.
[13] Suzhou Fuzhi, vol. 54, "People", 8 "Wu County", published during the Qianlong period.
[14] See Biography of Mao Heng, Zheng Xuanji, Kong Yingda Shu, Mao Shi Zhengyi, vol. 18-4, Han Yi, Ruan Yuan's School Engraving: Commentary on the Thirteen Classics, Zhonghua Bookstore, 1980 edition, pp. 570-573.
[15] See Biography of Mao Heng, Zheng Xuanji, Kong Yingda Shu, Mao Shi Zhengyi, vol. 10bis, Cai Qian, Ruan Yuan, Engraving: Commentary on the Thirteen Classics, pp. 425-426.
[16] Jin Wulan et al. (金吴蘭) and others (金吴澜) (金吴镇續修合志), vol. 24 , The Biography of Xu Bingyi , Guangxu Viii edition ; Xu Rulin : The Collected Works of Dexingtang , vol. 4 , Xu Bingyi Epitaph , Anduku Quanshu Bibliographic Series " .
[17] Xiong Zhilu: "The Collection of Bathhouses", vol. 2, "Jincheng Ming Shizha", "Siku Quanshu Bibliography Series"; Yang Chun: "The President's Book of the Ming Jian Compendium again", Zhu Duanqiang: "Vance Tong and the Chronicle of the Revision of the Ming History", Zhonghua Bookstore, 2004 edition, p. 284.
[18] Jiang Qingbai: Chronology of The Birth and Death of Qing Dynasty Figures, People's Literature Publishing House, 2005, p. 106.
[19] Pan Qian: Sui Chu Tang Ji, vol. 19, "Qiao Lai's Epitaph", kangxi forty-ninth year engraving.
[20] Qian Lin: Records of Literature Collection, vol. 10" Peng Sunsuan, Xianfeng 8th year edition.
[21] Zhu Yizun: "The Collected Works of the Exposed Books", vol. 71, "Tombstones of Han Ling", and "Four Preliminaries".
[22] Jiang Qingbai: Chronology of The Birth and Death of Qing Dynasty Figures, p. 224; Index to the Inscriptions of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, p. 1316; Suzhou Fuzhi, vol. 58, "Characters", published during the Qianlong period.