"Gusu Prosperous Map" - a portrayal of the cultural prosperity of Suzhou in the Qing Dynasty

In the early Qing Dynasty, Suzhou was the most economically and culturally developed city in the country. Shen Yu, a Kangxi dynasty man, said: "Gusu is the most important in southeast China; Gusu is the most important in southeast water conservancy; and Gusu is the most prosperous in southeast china." He also said suzhou, "the treasures produced by the mountains and seas, the goods and shells that foreign countries pass, the four-way exchange, the merchants of thousands of miles, and the shoulders are spoke." At the same time, Liu Xianting also said that Suzhou is one of the famous "four gatherings" in the world. Among the "four gatherings", the Qing people unanimously believed that Suzhou was the most prosperous in the city. During the Kangxi Dynasty, it was called "Wuchang to Fengqiao, twenty miles of the city". During the Qianlong period, the locals boasted that "the four directions are thousands of miles, the overseas exotic treasures are strange and strange, and the rare treasures of the Xi world are not complete, and the universe is also a metropolis." In the twenty-seventh year of Qianlong, three years after the birth of Xu Yang's "Gusu Prosperous Map", outsiders praised: "Suzhou is a large metropolis in the southeast, merchants and merchants are spokes, and department stores are Khotan." From the imperial capital, far away from Jiaoguang, as well as overseas oceans, the ladder voyage is completed. At the time of Jiaqing, someone said: "Prosperous but not hua Han Chuankou, hua but not prosperous Guangling Fu, the world will be the most prosperous, except for the Beijing master Wu Xiayou." The hunter was even more straightforward, and exclaimed: "The deeds of the soldiers, the virtuous friends and benevolent people will be in Su, the merchants and merchants will be in Su, and the acrobatics of the hundreds of craftsmen and acrobatics will be sold in Su." Meng Mou, who has been to Suzhou successively, said that the degree of industrial and commercial prosperity in Suzhou is "no day is not, no time is not, sunny is the same, rain is also the same." In addition to the personal experience of these pens and words and the historical descriptions of the suburbs of the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty, we can also see the historical picture of Suzhou's economic and cultural prosperity that was recorded by people at that time in a realistic way. This is a "prosperous breeding map" that people praise.

"Prosperous Breeding Map" is commonly known as "Gusu Prosperous Map", which was created by the famous academy painter Xu Yang in the 24th year of Qianlong. Xu Yangzi Yunting, a native of Wu County, Suzhou Province, lives in Zhuan Lane. In the sixteenth year of Qianlong, Xu Yangjin, a 40-year-old prisoner at the time, presented a picture album and was enshrined in the Painting Academy, and in the eighteenth year, he was given a letter to the Cabinet of Ministers, and was long-term enshrined in the Qing Court Painting Academy. After Qianlong's second southern tour, twenty-four years after Qianlong, Xu Yang felt that the Qing Dynasty "ruled Changming, Chaoyi three generations, the breadth of the territory, the complexity of raw teeth, and the unprecedented existence", so he "copied the emperor's rule" and painted a volume of "Prosperous Breeding Map". In the twenty-ninth year of Qianlong, Xu Yang was ordered to paint the "Southern Tour Map", and after seven years, he completed 12 volumes of silk. In the 36th year of Qianlong, he began to draw the 12 volumes of the rice paper "Southern Tour Map", which was completed in the 40th year of Qianlong, and handed over to Suzhou for weaving with jade skimming and box. In the 36th year of Qianlong, the Temple of Putuo Zongcheng was built, and Xu Yang completed the painting in the temple together with other Ruyiguan painters. From Qianlong's "Imperial Poetry", it can be seen that Xu Yang's works were often evaluated and appreciated by the emperor. The Shiqu Baodi records as many as 35 works by Xu Yang, of which the main ones are the Southern Tour Map (12 volumes), the Prosperous Breeding Chart (one volume), the Pingding Huibu Sacrifice Ceremony Map (one volume), the Western Regions Public Opinion Map (one volume), and the Sacred System Seeing the Poetic Intentions of the New Cultivators (one volume), which are located in the Imperial Study, Qianqing Palace, Yangxin Hall, Maoqin Hall, Jingyi Garden, Jingyixuan, Yanchun Palace, Jingji Mountain Villa, Chonghua Palace and other places. The "Prosperous Breeding Map" is collected in the Imperial Study. In the thirty-seventh year of Qianlong, Xu Yang's cabinet secretary was full of six years, and he was ordered to use his name as the chief of affairs, and was changed to cabinet classics, and Qianlong was actually appointed as the chief of the Shanxi Department of the Punishment Department for forty years.

"Gusu Prosperous Map" is a long scroll, with a total length of 1241 cm, the height of the painting heart is 39 cm, on paper, color. The scope of the depiction, "from Lingyan Mountain, from mudu town to the east, over Hengshan Mountain, across the stone lake, lishang mountain, from the north shore of Taihu Lake, Jieshi, and (He) between the two mountains, into the city of Gusu County." From the three gates of Feng, Pan and Xu, turn to Shantang Bridge and stop at Tiger Hill Mountain. In the meantime, the steepness of the city, the forest of the city, the beauty of the mountains and rivers, as well as the fishing trees up and down, the cultivation and weaving, the merchant Jia Yuntun and the city scales,...... To Ruo Chun zhuan to offer life, shang teeth first; marry Zhu Chen, in time to make a gift. Three candles, or the field of the child, the incense of ten thousand books, or the acceptance of the gentleman's seat. The cultivator sings in the wilderness, the walker sings in the tu, and the wind of the xi", etc., are reflected in different degrees in the scrolls. According to rough statistics, there are more than 12,000 people in the figure who are rushing to and fro; the sails of boats in the river are like clouds, and there are about 400 official ships, cargo ships, passenger ships, grocery ships, painting boats, wooden rafts, etc.; there are many shops on the streets, the city is high, and there are about 260 recognizable various city moves; more than 50 bridges of various types; and more than ten cultural and opera scenes, which fully demonstrate the grand situation of Suzhou's high civilization in the prosperous Qing Dynasty. The following is intended to be combined with the literature, about two categories, to introduce the "Gusu Prosperous Map".

The twenty-four years of Qianlong drawn in the "Gusu Prosperous Map" are exactly after the second southern tour of the Qianlong Emperor in the twenty-second year of Qianlong. The area depicted, especially the area from Xumen to Shantang Street, is the most prosperous commercial and cultural area in Suzhou, which is the most recorded in the literature, the most praised by locals, and the most nostalgic for outsiders.

Since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Suzhou has been known for its industrial and commercial development, and is roughly divided into two parts: east and west. The eastern half of the city is known for the development of handicraft production such as silk weaving, and the western half of the city is known for the commercial trade of commodity circulation. It is said that "where there are rare goods in all directions, there is nothing in it... The world's goods are not prosperous in Suzhou." Wu County, in the early years of Jiajing, said: "Canal, a Cao River, under the West City... The river runs from The North Horse Head of The Gate to the Xumen Pavilion Station, which is five or six miles long, and the residents on the east and west banks are lined up, and the west bank is particularly prosperous. ...... In this river, there are more large ships in Jingxiangchuan and Shu than in the east, and the salt ship merchant Jia is in the west berth, the official ship is drummed, day and night, and the Qiluo pipe is unforgived. The prosperity of Gai xichang has been true since the Tang Dynasty. Since then, across the fishing bridge, the water flows north, from Nanhao to Fengqiao will be ten miles, the population continues, and the Fengqiao is prosperous, where the upper river, the north of the river to the wheat, cotton flowers of the big trade salty gathering. "In the western half of the city, especially between Xumen and Zhangmen, it is the most prosperous and lively. Wu Xianzhi also said: "The city and Changzhou are divided from east to west, the west is noisy from the east, and most of the residents are skilled." In the area of Jin and Zhang, the trade of bihu, the collection of negative Guo Zeya, the county rule of Xu and Pannei, the multi-ya service, and the clan of poetry and books gathered in the wrong place, especially near The Zhang. It is also said: "The great rate of Wu Min does not buy acres of land, but the goods are attracted, and on the occasion of the opening and closing, they look like splendid embroidery, rich feasts, luxury and luxury, and the angles are high, and the costs are not paid." In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Tang Yin, a famous scholar in Suzhou, wrote the poem "The Gate is the Matter" by the popular population, Zhongyun: "The paradise of the world is Wuzhong, and there are Zhangmen and heroes; the three thousand buildings of the Cui Sleeve are up and down, and the golden million water is west and east." Wu geng city Jia He zeng, the four distant words are always different; if the painter is asked to paint, the painter should say that the painting is difficult to work. Until the end of the Ming Dynasty, the city of Zhongyue was "the place where the merchants of the two capital provinces gathered"; Shangtang and Nanhao were "especially prosperous cities", and the locals called The Gate "staggered embroidery clouds, shoulder rubbing hubs, fengjiang's stern, and the goods of Nanhao like mountains". After entering the Qing Dynasty, it was called "the rice beans of Ruofeng Bridge, the fish salt and medicinal materials of Nanhao, the wood of the East-West Confluence, and the mountain accumulation of Yunwei". Between Zhangxu and NanhaoShantang, the city is more prosperous. In the last year of the Kangxi Dynasty, the Hanlin Academy reviewed Sun Jiagan's journey south, but he was deeply impressed by the Zhangmen City, praising: "Inside and outside the Gate, there are mountains of goods, pedestrians flowing, and the signboards of the column are brilliant, and the prosperity of the words is not caught." ”。 Nalan Chang'an even sighed at the number of goods in Nanhao: "Nanhao is outside the gate of Sioux City, an area where land and water rush, and all the boats and cars from the north and south, and the merchants from outside the world are gathered here. The residents are dense, the streets are forced to pass, and once the passengers and goods arrive, the pedestrians can hardly drop their arms... The neighbors are known as the bustling county of Suzhou and Hangzhou, but they do not know that the Hangzhou people are not good at operation, and they are secluded in the east corner. Whoever arrives at Hangzhou and is berthed by anyone who has been trafficked from the four distances will be unloaded and transported to Suzhou, sold in Kaifeng, and forwarded to Hangzhou. That is, Rujia and Lake produce silk, and silk satin yarn, Yu Su is prepared, and the price is quite unpronouncious. If you go to the place where you buy it, the price will increase in weight, and the goods will not be beautiful. "Suzhou is not only the center of commodity production, but also the concentration of commodities in the whole country, especially in all parts of Jiangnan.

There are 14 silk shops in the "Gusu Prosperous Map": Silk Satin Village. Cotton. Rich silk line. Satin robes. Shandong cocoon silk. Shock silk line. Silk Village, Puyuan Ning Silk. Cotton silk old line, lake crepe cotton silk. Shandong Yishui cocoon silk hair is not wrong (five facades). Use satin, satin, sare, and cotton. Enter the Beijing tribute satin, self-made eight silk, gold and silver satin, do not mistake the patron (two-story building, three facades). Silk row, satin row, yarn row, optional interior eight silk tribute satin hair, Hanfu eight silk, Shanggong silk satin (two-story building, five facades). This number is selected, the eight silks of the Han Dynasty, the big satin of the python, the cocoon silk, the palace silk, the feathers, and other goods (seven facades). Our shop makes its own Suzhou and Hangzhou silk satin saro and other mouth cotton shuttle cloth (three facades). These market moves basically reflect the silk varieties produced in Jiangnan at that time and the whole picture of the production forms in the silk industry. Zhenze Town, Wujiang County, and Puyuan Town, Huzhou, are famous towns that produce silk, and the production is called Sheng Silk and Puyuan Silk respectively. Hu crepe is a characteristic bulk silk product of Huzhou Yifu. All kinds of silk are produced in Hangzhou, especially Hangzhou silk. Cocoon silk is a specialty of Shandong, using mountain silkworm (silkworm that eats leaves) cocoon silk, so it is called cocoon silk or mountain cocoon silk, the texture is rough, but it is strong and durable. At that time, the production of cocoon silk in Shandong Province was relatively prosperous, but the production of cocoon silk in Yishui County or Yishui, the capital of Yizhou, was not famous. All kinds of silk produced in various places, whether it is bulk products or rare products, are sold in Suzhou, indicating the large number of silk varieties in Suzhou. The most famous Suzhou silk satin in The Qianlong period was Huang Hongcheng silk satin. The "General Catalogue of Shop Openings in Suzhou Fu Street, Jiangnan Province", which records the Suzhou store during qianlong's second southern tour in 22 years, records a total of 25 stores (only one of which has no city signs), the first store is the Gongmao number with the character "Silk Satin Sarong of the Provinces", and the 12th store is the Songmao number with the city sign of "Fixed Weaving And Makeup Python Dressing". At that time, silk merchants from other places also used Suzhou as a base camp for selling silk. For example, Huzhou merchants in Suzhou were divided into two industries, crepe and silk, and a Wuxing Guild Hall was built in the 54th year of Qianlong. When Hangzhou merchants sold silk to all parts of the country, they "especially Wuchang as an embroidery city", and became independent from the Hangzhou Line Guild Hall, and built the Qianjiang Guild Hall separately in the 27th year of Qianlong, and from the 23rd year of Qianlong to the 41st year, 26 silk shops donated as much as 1 silver to the guild hall. More than 10,000. When Xu Yang drew, it was a period when these silk merchants were extremely active and prosperous, so the "silk satin yarn yarn, yu Su dabei, the price is quite expensive." Cotton silk is a low-grade silk fabric made by stripping cocoons that are not suitable for silk reeling into cotton, and is produced in Dongting Xishan, a suburb of Suzhou, Jiaxing, and Huzhou. "Satin" and "yarn" are all categories of silk, "woven satin, square hole yarn". Satin is a fabric with evenly distributed but not continuous tissue points on two adjacent warp or weft yarns, and yarn is a yarn tissue that is uniformly distributed by the warp twist to form a uniform distribution of holes. The so-called "upper use", "internal manufacturing", "tribute", etc., originally referred to the silk produced by the official weaving bureau for the court, here is not the tribute sold as a commodity, but at that time the folk to pay tribute as a synonym for high-quality products, folk makers also crowned with tribute words to advertise sales. "Hanfu" is the seat of the Jiangning Weaving Bureau in the Qing Dynasty. "Eight silks" is dark satin. "Makeup python" refers to the makeup flower fabric woven with python, and the makeup flower is a representative variety of Jiangnan brocade. Dragon ornaments are used for royal purposes, and people can only use pythons, so the city tenders for "makeup pythons". "Palace silk" means the silk produced by the imperial palace, and most of the palace silk in the original sense is used as a paste ornament during the palace celebration. Other kinds of brocade, satin, etc., Suzhou are mass-produced. "Self-made", "this number", "our store self-made" clouds, in fact, should refer to "accounting room". This kind of accounting house is different from the satin shop that specializes in sales, but also engages in production at the same time, and has the nature of combining commercial capital and industrial capital. This kind of accounting room is called yarn satin zhuang or yarn satin number in Suzhou, and it occupies a dominant position in the silk industry. The Qianlong period was also a period of rapid development of accounting. These city moves in the "Gusu Prosperous Map" are the image and concrete reflection of the complex production forms in the Suzhou silk industry at that time.

"Gusu Prosperous Map" depicts a total of 23 cotton and cotton cloth industries: cloth lines (4 repeaters). Big cloth. Chongming Cloth. Matsue standard. Blue and blue sob. Matsue large cloth, this guest self-placed cloth. Cloth rows, twill rows. Jingwu Sobu. Matsue stretches the clasp. Large cloth, Honjo buckle cloth. Custom-woven muslin. Chase, Matsue Daibu. Cloth line, lengthened shuttle cloth, not divalent. Cloth line, self-placed Songjiang blue cloth, plus long cloth. Taicang cotton (3 repeaters, 1 of which is three facades). Cotton row. Yongsheng cotton. Sub-net cotton. The names of these cottons and cotton cloths mentioned in the figure are consistent with the actual situation. Songjiang Province and Taicang Prefecture were the most famous cotton production centers in the Qing Dynasty. Large cloth is the common name of standard cloth, which is wide and fine, and is most famous in Shanghai Sanlintang. The standard cloth on the market at that time was "slightly wider, sixteen feet flat, twenty feet for the sleeve", or, "the small façade is eight inches and three minutes wide, eighteen feet long, and the large façade is nine inches and five minutes wide and nineteen feet long". Buckle cloth, that is, brush line cloth, Shanghai and Nanhui and other places are called small cloth, "dense and narrow", "smooth and thick, garments are durable", for merchants valued. It is produced in Songjiang and Jiading. In the early Qing Dynasty, Songjiang people Ye Mengzhu introduced that the small cloth is not more than 1 zhang 6 feet long, because the door width specifications are roughly the same as the middle machine cloth, so Nanhui and other places are directly called the middle machine cloth. Jiading, Shanghai out of a kind of flying flower cloth, also known as Ding Niangzi cloth, "yarn must be uniform, the work must be sophisticated, the price exceeds the regular cloth", 1 zhang 6 feet long, 9 inches and 3 minutes wide, because the specifications are the same or similar to the small cloth, so Jiading people also call it small cloth. It seems to be a famous product in the small cloth, and it is immediately "fine cloth". Lengthening the cloth is lengthening the standard cloth, and lengthening the buckle cloth is the lengthening of the small cloth. The small cloth woven at the junction of Songjiang and Jiashan is up to 2 feet long and 2 feet long, and the small cloth is immediately lengthened. Blue and blue shuttle cloth is actually green cloth and blue cloth, is a high-grade cotton cloth, the Qing court often ordered Suzhou weaving in Jiangnan procurement, fine and wide long, that is, extended cloth, the price is particularly expensive. In the middle of the Kangxi Dynasty, the price of green cloth was 5 yuan 2 minutes and 9 cents per horse, and the blue cloth was 4 yuan 7 minutes and 9 cents per horse, which was more than twice as expensive as the usual cloth, and it was also the best for sanlintang producers. At that time, the market was popular with three kinds of cloth: buckle cloth (small cloth), large cloth (standard cloth) and thin cloth. The sparse cloth is "sparse and wide and long", and its name is not famous, so its market moves are not seen in the picture. Twill is named for its pattern, "longitude and weft error, woven into a water pattern katsuko, looking like velvet", shipping and selling, merchants "can not surprise the best", best-selling in Beijing Province. Mainly produced in Jiading Loutang, Luodian and other places. Jingwu refers to Jingkou and Wuhu, both of which are famous production areas for pulp-dyed cloth. Taicang is a high-quality cotton producing area, especially in the state of Hewang City as the most, "than other places, flexible and white, each flower has a little bit of sand spots", Minguang merchants trafficked in cotton, the market must be titled "Crane King City Cotton". There are three "Taicang cotton" market moves in the picture to show the superiority of the cotton sold. Sub-net cotton is the net cotton after the removal of cottonseed, also known as lint cotton. "Honke" does not refer to the shop, but to the cotton cloth font size. After the cotton cloth is woven, it also needs to be finished and processed after kicking and dyeing. After the cloth merchant purchases the cotton cloth, he then entrusts the processing of the clothing factory and the dyeing workshop, and then recycles the cloth and packages and sells it according to the unified specifications, which is a relatively large-scale commercial capital engaged in the purchase of cotton cloth, entrusting the processing of kicking and dyeing and bulking the sale of cloth. In the Qing Dynasty, Jiangnan cotton cloth brands were basically concentrated in Suzhou, especially in Zhangmen Shangtang Street, Xiatang Street, the so-called "Subu name four square, Xi is the industry in the outside of the Upper and Lower Pond, called zigzag, bleaching cloth, dyeing cloth, looking at cloth, line cloth each has its own people, a character number often rely on dozens of families to hold fire." From the ninth year of the Kangxi Dynasty to the 60th year of Qianlong, the Suzhou government and the county government carved the monument of the prohibition of kicking and holding eight times at the request of the brand name, and the monument of the prohibition of kicking and holding was erected at the Guangji Bridge outside the Zhangmen Gate, and the two monuments prohibiting the monopoly of the kicker during the Daoguang years were also erected at the Xin'an Guild Hall on Shangtang Street outside the Gate. In the 38th year of the Kangxi Dynasty, the Wanfu character name, which was opened by Chen Shice, a native of Xiuning, Huizhou, and should still exist until Xu Yang drew it, was at the Shangjin Bridge outside the Gate of Zhangmen. In the picture, the trick of "this guest's own cloth" is raised on the second floor of Shangtang Street outside the Zhangmen Gate. "The guest's own cloth" means cloth that has been processed by the cloth shop. "Honjo" means the cloth house that purchases cotton cloth. In the Ming Dynasty, merchants often entrusted Buya to purchase cloth, after entering the Qing Dynasty, with the fierce competition in cotton cloth business, the name was changed to the form of out of the village to go to each cloth-producing town to directly purchase, and the true color cloth of the famous cloth-producing town of Zhujiajiao was "bought by the two farmers in Nanxiang and Suzhou". There are 45 such cotton cloth brands in the four years of Qianlong, of which the Wang Yimei brand that existed in the late Ming Dynasty has the largest turnover, selling millions of cloths a year, Yimei cloth is all over the world, southern Yunnan desert and north, and no land is beautiful. "Yongsheng" and "Chase" are line numbers. Like the silk industry, Suzhou's characteristics as a cotton production, processing and sales center are reflected to a certain extent in the figure.

There are 4 dye dye dyeing industries in the picture: dyeing workshops (3 repeaters). Silver, dan powder, various pigments. Since the late Ming Dynasty, Suzhou has become a famous center of the dyeing industry. Dyeing workshops also dye silk, cotton and various color threads, all the silk raw goods woven in Huzhou and Shengze, Puyuan and other towns, Songjiang, Taicang and Changshu and other places woven cotton, usually have to be transported to Suzhou for dyeing, so as one of the three major official silk production centers and cotton processing industry center, Suzhou, in the Qing Dynasty dyeing industry more developed. In the 59th year of the Kangxi Dynasty, there were as many as 64 professional dyeing workshops and dyeing workshops operated by brand names in Suzhou. During the Yongzheng period, the number of dyeers increased from 7,000 to 8,000 to more than 10,000, and the number of dyeing workshops increased. At that time, there was already a clear division of labor between the dyeing workshops in Suzhou City, which specialized in dyeing blue and black for Lanfang and Yuan (Fang), light colors for light fangs, blue for Qingfang, black for Big Red Fang, and stained with variegated colors. These dye shops were originally mainly distributed outside the Gate and tiger hill area. The Kangxi Fifty-Ninth Year Dyeing Industry Appeal Monument was erected on the Guangji Bridge. At the time of Kang and Yong, the river from Shantang to Huqiu was so numerous dyeing workshops that it was "full of blue, red, black and purple", which seriously polluted the environment, which attracted local scholars and people to jointly ask the local people to ban the dyeing workshop. In the early years of Qianlong, most of the dyeing workshops seemed to have moved to Loumenmen, where the river flow was large and not easy to pollute, so the local literature said, "Dyeing is everywhere in Loumen." Xu Yang's picture also depicts the city move of the dyeing workshop. The 22nd store of the "General Catalogue of Shops opened in Suzhoufu Street, Jiangnan Province" is the Guangju number of "Big Red Cut And Ingenious Color Dyeing Workshop". As for the pigment shops that provided raw materials for the dyeing workshops, during the Qianlong period, there were 33 paint shops in Suzhou that demanded the prohibition of the revolution without compensation, and their inscriptions were also erected on the Guangji Bridge. Xu Yang's painting of "various pigments of silver dan powder" runs through the building under the three-bay façade under the gate. It can be seen that Xu Yang's picture is completely copied according to the physical object.

There are 5 candle industries in the picture: incense candles. Enter the Beijing candle. Butter candles. Fuxing number, self-selected tribute oil solid candle, incense candle paper horse, into the Beijing candle. Butter candles. The incense candle here refers to the two things of incense and candles. Candles are both illuminators and superstitious supplies, closely related to the daily life of the public. Its raw materials are mainly butter and black oak tree seeds. The suzhou candle industry is extremely prosperous, and it is almost entirely run by merchants in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. In the early years of Daoguang, the Shaoxing people "opened candle shops all over Wu Sanyi, the yuan chief, and there were more than 100 homes in urban and rural areas." By the eighth year of Daoguang, there were still 49 candle shops. These fellow Shaoxing merchants set up the Jinlan Society in order to raise funds, and the meeting site was outside the Gate of The South Dongzi of Jinchang, and in the second year of Daoguang, the Dongyue Guild Hall was established, and the site of the museum was Sanle Bay outside the Gate. In the 24th year of Jiaqing, the oil industry bought land in The Water Information Lane outside The Gate of Zhangmen, and later established the Oil Office. The place where the candle industry and the oil industry are active is precisely the area where Xu Yang painted the "butter incense candle" market move.

There are 4 liquor companies in the picture: wineries (2 repeaters). Shochu. Sanyi made its own sake. Sake breweries, shochu, homemade sake, etc., are about the same as sake breweries. Suzhou made wine, October maker is the most clear, the name "October white". The "Suzhou wine" made of wood aroma, cardamom and kumquat is also famous, and it is "fragrant and super victorious", which is bottled and sells well far and wide. In the early years of Qianlong, the Mudu area was popular to distill local high-quality rice into wine, called rice roast, which was very profitable. The most famous thing in Suzhou is the "three liquors" made of white water and white yeast and white rice. The 5th store of "SuzhouFu Street In Jiangnan Province" is the Source Sheng number of "Refining into the Beijing Three White Wines". On behalf of customers, the liquor store was sold, and during the Daoguang years, there was a Liyuan office.

There are 6 cool mats in the picture: Huqiu famous seats, fixed weaving fine seats. Tiger Qiu famous seat, thin seat (two facades). Fixed-woven fine mats (3 repeaters, 1 of which has two facades). Ashiki old line. Tiger Hill out of the mat woven with mat grass, since the Ming Dynasty has been famous, Zhengde "Gu Su Zhi" said: "Seat, out of the Tiger Hill is better, followed by The Hu Villa." Or variegated, woven into flowers and grass figures, for lian or seats. In the Qing Dynasty, tiger hill weaving mats was even better than that of the Ming Dynasty, "the residents of Huanshan Mountain have a variety of mat grasses, weaving mats for the industry, and the four parties call the tiger whiskers mat, which is extremely workmanlike, and he can't reach it anywhere else." During the Kangxi Dynasty, Tiger Hill specially opened a mat grass row. Tiger Hill Temple's Western Weaving Seating Place has a Seat Field Lane. There are also many types of mats, "and their names are five feet, widened, full of beds, and sleeping alone." Where there are seats and pillows, and the short and wide are narrow, they are all inferior to their style." In the long-term production process, a set of picking grass, grass, weaving, printing process has been formed, "nothing is better than its style", indicating that it can be woven according to customer requirements. In fact, the seats in Huqiu City are not only produced locally, but also gathered the products of nearby townships such as Guangfu, Hushu, Huangdai, and Wangting. "Gusu Prosperous Map" depicts three mat shops from Shantang to Tiger Hill, and there are various mats erected in the shop, which is the symbol of the prosperity, convergence and fame of tiger hill straw mat production at that time. Most of the city moves in the picture indicate that the tiger hill seats can be "fixed weaving", which is also a reflection of the actual production method at that time.

There are 5 paint and lacquerware industries: tung oil (2 repeaters). Tung oil, raw lacquer. Platter box, lacquerware. Lacquerware, platter boxes, homemade dowry lacquerware, signature old shop. Suzhou lacquerware is as famous as jade, lacquer has a division of labor such as bright light and fading light, and the red, black, and color are all fine. In the seventeenth year of Daoguang, Suzhou Lacquer Industry donated to its Sexual Charity Public Office, and the number of people reached more than 500, of which as many as 97 partners lived in Shangxiatang, Zhangmen alone. Lacquerware merchants are mainly from Jiangxi.

There are 5 copper, iron and pewter industries: bronze (2 repeaters). Nail iron. Into a field maker. Pewter old shop, exquisite pewter. During the Qianlong period, Suzhou copper, tin, iron and other smelting craftsmen, mostly from Wuxi, at least a dozen workshops. The copper industry has a copper line and so on. Wang Dongwen Tongxi is the most famous. In the picture, the blacksmith shop of the "Chengtian Instrument" city trick is floating, located on the bank of the Yuecheng Bridge in Shihu Lake, where the fire is raging, and two blacksmiths are forging agricultural tools. The 10th store of "Suzhou Fu Street In Jiangnan Province" has a grand number of "refined copper and tin utensils".

There are 8 gold and silver jewelry jewelry and jade industries: gold beads. Golden Pearl Old Shop. Wear a little green. Gold and silver jewelry. Kouwen Zhai gold and silver jewelry. Exchange gold beads, gold and silver jewelry, jewelry old shop (two-story building, three facades). Sprinkle on the red gold note, on the red gold. Jade, antiques. The gold industry or gold bead shop in Suzhou was established as a yuanjin yiye, and in the early years of Jiaqing, there was a yuanjin public office, and later a person who specialized in pounding gold leaf was created as a Lize public office. Engaged in the creation of gold and silver jewelry is called the silver building industry, and during the Tongzhi period, there was an Anhuai public office. The 7th store of the "General Catalogue of Shops Opened in Suzhoufu Street, Jiangnan Province" is the Jumao Number of "Convenient Merchant Exchange Dumping Silver Shop". There are also specialized in the processing industry of copper or silver jewelry and gold-clad, each managing its own industry and not interfering with each other. Tianbao Lou jewelry and Wang Xinyi jewelry are the most famous. Suzhou's jade manufacturing industry is particularly developed. The workshops are mainly distributed in the area of Zhangmen Zhuanzhu Lane and Tiankuqian Suspension Bridge. The texture of the carved jade is crystal clear and moist, the three-dimensional artifact or the genus of the jade pendant, the shape is unique, the contour is clear, the thin tire work, the thickness is uniform, the exquisite and transparent jade, the craftsmanship is kit-chi. During the Qianlong period, there were several cases of smuggling jade in Yeerqiang and other places in Xinjiang, all of which were transported to Suzhou for carving, but sold to various places. Suzhou jade has long been famous, and the imperial seals, jade books, jade treasures of the Qing court, and various jade objects furnished in several cases are often carved by Suzhou. Antiques suzhou in the early Qing Dynasty had a very prosperous market, its land is mainly in the zhuanzhu alley. One of the three hobbies of the Suzhou gentry in the Qing Dynasty was "Talking about Bone Dong", and playing with antiques was fashionable in Suzhou. The fourth store of "SuzhouFu Street In Jiangnan Province" is the Gusu Antique Zhai of "Literary Antiques".

There are 14 clothing, shoes and hats hand towel industry: ready-to-wear. Yizhuang. Yizhuang hair. Da Mao Yizhuang, not two prices. The original camp yizhuang, according to the number of the guest. Three-in-one boots. Boot shop. Three-in-one boot shop (three facades). Sanle Zhai shoes and socks shop. towel. Homemade headband hand towel. Hand towel old line. Hand towel fan. Hat shop, hat row, hat shop towards the crown, winter and summer silk crown, do not mistake the patron. Zhang Han, a native of Hangzhou during the Ming Dynasty, said: "The four sides are heavy on Wu and Wu Yigong is in service." "Suzhou's clothing has been leading the trend of the whole country since the Ming Dynasty. In the forty-fifth year of Qianlong, Suzhou Garment Industry set up a public office in the area of Zhangmen Beizhengsantu, which was destroyed during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom War and rebuilt immediately after the war. In the garment industry, the Shouyi industry also created the Anren Public Office during the Daoguang years. The estimation industry founded the Yunzhang Office during the Xianfeng period. The hat industry, also known as the melon hat industry in Suzhou, founded a public office during the Daoguang years. The establishment of the firm is a symbol of the strength of the industry. The Qianlong 1920s, when Xu Yang drew it, coincided with the prosperity of Suzhou's garment industry, and it was within the scope of the catalogue, so Xu Yang painted several clothing houses between Jinchang and Jinchang. The 21st store of the "General Catalogue of Suzhou Fu Street In Jiangnan Province" is the "Beijing-style Chaoguan" Tianqi Zhai. Shi Chun Tang oil shoes, Jinfang Zhai purse, Sanzhu Tang fan bags, Zhang Hanxiang hat, Zhu Kewen xiang ornament, Wu Longshan incense powder, Huang Guoben hand towel, Li Zhengmao hat Wei, are all famous brands in the clothing industry.

There are 10 books, calligraphy, painting and stationery industries: Fa Ti. Pen Village. Lake pen. Paper shipper. Exam papers. Examination equipment, three famous pens. Daya Hall Bookstore, Ancient and Modern Books, Bookstore (two-story building, two facades). Celebrity calligraphy paintings (repeaters 2). Decoration. The Daya Hall Bookstore is full of books. Suzhou is a famous cultural center and a talent center for the imperial examination, the engraving of books and the printing of books, paper processing is extremely prosperous, the selection of books is famous, the scribes are very active, the cultural market is particularly developed, and scholars, merchants and foreign tribute envoys often buy stationery and books and paintings there. The Qing Dynasty inscribed the book, "Wu Ye, Yue Ye, Min Ye." ...... Its essence is the most ,...... Its direct weight Wu is the most", suzhou engraving book quality is the best and the highest value. In the forty-ninth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Suzhou Weaving Li Xu twice followed the instructions to brush and print 1600 copies of the "Zizhi Tongjian Compendium" twice. In the fifty-fifth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, he published many collections of Kangxi imperial poems. Qian Yong also believed that although the quality of the engraved books in Suzhou was not as good as before, "the books engraved by the Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong dynasties, such as the Peiwenzhai Calligraphy and Painting Notation, the Compilation of Piao Characters, the Yuanjian Letters, and the Five Rites Examination, still have good hands." Dayatang Bookstore is a well-known engraving workshop since the Ming Dynasty, and the two books written by Xue Xuan in the twenty-fourth year of the Wanli Calendar, "Xue Wenqing Gong Reading Record" and Chongzhen Eight Years Zodiac Zhou Compilation "Naturalist Dictionary", were engraved and printed by Daya Tang. During the Qianlong period, there was also a Wenyatang bookstore between Jinchang and Jin, which had engraved and printed books such as the Shangshu "Show Me Zhou Xing". The 8th store of "SuzhouFu Street In Jiangnan Province" is Yizhitang Bookstore. The art of calligraphy and painting is dominated by Suzhou people, and the so-called "art affairs push Wumen". The decoration is actually a calligraphy and painting frame. Suzhou because of the development of calligraphy and painting industry, mounting industry alone in the sea, net materials, even transport of brooms, with pulp accommodation, deep work. Once the famous paintings are mounted, their value is multiplied. During the Qianlong Period, "those who have obtained calligraphy and paintings from the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties in the sea will make Su Gong decorate." The masters Qin Changnian, Xu Mingyang, Zhang Ziyuan, Dai Huichang, etc. were all famous for a while, so Qian Yong said that "the decoration is the first in the Chao Dynasty, and the Su workers in the provinces are the first." Suzhou framed craftsmen are even active in Hangzhou, Yangzhou, Beijing and other metropolitan areas. The painting shop is the most prominent in Shantang Street, Peach Blossom Dock, and in front of the North Temple Pagoda. Different from the printing plate engraving of Peach Blossom Dock and Beisi Pagoda, Shantang Street Painting Shop has large and small frames with strokes, and the paintings are Tianguan, Sanxing, character stories, as well as landscapes, flowers, grasses, feathers, etc., and the beauty painting is particularly workable. Paper processing has been known for colored notes since the Song Dynasty. In the Qianlong 1920s of Xu Yang's painting in the Qing Dynasty, there were 34 printing paper workshops in Suzhou, with a fine division of labor, dyeing and printing Dansu, rouge, red gold, giant red, note gold, Dan red, sand green, mountain wood red, blue and other colors of paper. The 17th store of the "General Catalogue of Shops opened in Suzhoufu Street, Jiangnan Province" is the Fangfeng Hall of "Selecting Materials and Famous Paper Flower Notes". Lake pen from Huzhou. Paper comes from Jiangxi, Anhui, Fujian and other provinces. In the 57th year of the Kangxi Dynasty, some paper merchants in Shanghang County, Fujian Province, six strings of paper gangs raised funds to establish the Tingzhou Guild Hall in ShangjinQiao East, outside the Gate, and the strength was extraordinary, which showed the huge demand for paper in Suzhou. In the first year of Jiaqing, Jiangxi merchants in Suzhou built a guild hall, and the donations included paper merchants in Nanchang Province, Shantang Flower Notes Paper Merchants, Dexing County Paper Merchants, Tongcheng County Paper Merchants, etc. During the Qianlong period, the Qinglian Room Notes, Qian Baochu and Shen Yunfeng's pens were all famous products. "Three Famous Pens" and "Examination Tools" are all examination tools for the imperial examination. Suzhou is the most prosperous place for scientific research, and such items are naturally very complete.

There are 5 lantern shops: light shops. Lights Bureau. lantern. Lantern old shop yarn lamp. Specialized in all kinds of yarn lamps, Adsale yarn lamps. Suzhou makes lamps, which has been famous since the Song Dynasty, and Suzhou has produced yarns as thin as cicada wings, and all kinds of yarn lamps have shined. There are also glass lamps, originally from eastern Guangdong, and later Suzhou people remelted broken glass into the furnace to make various hanging lamps and table lamps, of different sizes, and their cities are also concentrated in Shantang.

There are 4 bamboo ware industries: bamboo ware (3 repeaters). Seiko bamboo ware. Shen Chaochu's "Remembering Jiangnan" word cloud: "Suzhou is good, bamboo is half tangjing." The word dry rice bamboo bed, moon bend incense a few stone chess table. The bucket chamber should be light. The bamboo utensils made in Suzhou are "light and cute for a few beds, tables and chairs, kitchen sticks and children's cars, rockers, bed rails, smoke cages, and tabletops." Bamboo shops are mostly in the area of Bantang Puji Bridge. Originally, the literary room elegant play such as bamboo carved pen holders, chess pieces, and ink beds was famous for Jiading, and it was also transferred to Shantang Street in the early Qing Dynasty.

There are 7 kiln porcelain industries: kiln porcelain (2 repeaters). Porcelain of the time. This kiln jar altar sends guests. Select various types of porcelain from the official kiln. Bowl utensils. Brick and tile lime. Most of the porcelain comes from Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, and is also operated by many Jiangxi people, and the so-called "Yuzhang is mainly porcelain, bamboo and paper". Suzhou kiln ware production in the north of the city Qimen and the northern suburbs of the land tomb area, "strong and fine different places", since the Ming Dynasty has undertaken the fine works of the Ministry of Works. General pot altar brick and tile manufacturing is everywhere. In the picture, there is a kiln shop on the wall with a large number of "this kiln cylinder altar customers", which is located on the bank of the Yuecheng Bridge in Shihu Lake.

There are 16 grain companies in total: rice rows (5 repeaters). Grain (3 repeaters). Mouth food veterans. Maple grain. Illuminate maple grain. Bean cake (repeater 2). Grain oil wine. Grain, oil wine, bean cake, famous wine (three facades). Grain oil wine bean cake old line, fair trade. In Jiangnan, centered on Suzhou, the grain produced since the late Ming Dynasty has gradually become insufficient, and after entering the Qing Dynasty, with the decline in the proportion of grain fields, the rapid increase in population and the large consumption of industrial grains such as wine vinegar sauce, the situation of grain supply in Jiangnan becoming more and more serious. Suzhou is also a grain transfer center in eastern Zhejiang and even along the coast of Fujian, and many grains are transferred to those grain-deficient areas. This makes Jiangnan import rice grains from the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River through the Yangtze River every year, beans and wheat grains in North China through canals, and beans and wheat and bean cakes in the northeast region through the sea route, and the number of which is as high as more than 26 million stones per year during the Yongzheng and Qianlong years. The grain market in Suzhou is concentrated in Fengqiao on the outskirts of the city and Qimen in the north. Fengqiao is the largest rice transfer center in Jiangnan since the Ming Dynasty, and it is said that "most of the rice in Huguang is gathered in Fengqiao in Su County, and the rice in Fengqiao is from Shanghai and Zhapu in fujian". During the Kangxi Dynasty, in order to get rid of the control of the town's rice teeth, the local Dongting Xishan rice merchants deliberately set up a guild hall in the town, so that the Dongting rice boat directly entered the guild hall and sold rice grain at a low price, which enhanced its competitiveness. On the occasion of Qian and Jia, there were more than 200 rice rows in the Fengqiao area. Suzhou City Douhu is also based on the Fengqiao Rice Line Douhuo, reflecting the scale of Fengqiao Rice Market and its impact. Jiangnan imported millions to 10 million stones of soybeans every year, so much so that Adachi Keiji believed that soybeans and bean cakes had become the first commodities in the middle of the Qing Dynasty. Soybeans imported from Jiangnan are mainly used for oil milling vegetarian food, and soybean cakes are used to fertilize rice and cotton fields. Kanto soybeans via Haidao were transferred from Taicang Liujiagang to Suzhou. In the seventeenth year of Qianlong, there were 31 Jiaodong merchants and 59 merchants in Anhui and Jiangsu who opened soybean and grain brands in Liujiagang, and the source of soybean goods was transferred to Suzhou. The 11th store of the "General Catalogue of Shops in Suzhoufu Street, Jiangnan Province" is the source of "Long Road Grain". Rice and bean rows are also scattered in Suzhou. During the Qianlong period, MiYe set up a public office at the Shuixian Temple outside Xumen. In order to unify prices and standardize market behavior, every morning to the tea house to negotiate the transaction, called the tea party. This kind of tea party, Loumen and Qimen are in Yingchunfang, Fengmen is in Wangxun Bridge, and Zhangmen is in Baimu Bridge and Tieling Pass. Although Xu Yang's paintings do not involve Fengqiao, they depict the importance of Suzhou's rice and bean industry, and "Fengqi Grain" and "Zhaofeng Grain" reveal the leading position of The Fengqiao grain market.

In the picture, there are 14 pawn shops in Qianzhuang: Dang (two floors, five facades). Qianzhuang (9 repeaters). Redemption. Money exchange houses. Exchange silver coins (2 repeaters). Dianpu and Qianzhuang constituted the main body of the financial market in Suzhou in the Qing Dynasty, and they were inseparable from economic life. Shops can be found everywhere in Suzhou. In the first year of Qianlong, there were 290 pawn shops in the three counties of Suzhou, which became the period with the largest number of pawn shops in Suzhou in the Qing Dynasty. The grand and open pawn shop that Xu Yang saw was exactly the reality. Qianzhuang's business was originally only engaged in the exchange of silver and money, and by the middle of Qianlong, it also engaged in the deposit business. With the prosperity of the commodity economy and the increasing scale of commodity circulation, Suzhou Qianzhuang is also unprecedentedly numerous. From the thirty-first to the forty-first year of Qianlong, there were at least 130 qianzhuangs opened in Suzhou by Shanxi merchants alone. In the middle of the Qianlong Dynasty, the donation monument of Shanxi Qianye merchants was erected on the Shantang Bantang Bridge. The 19th store of "SuzhouFu Street In Jiangnan Province" is Yuanfa Dang. Xu Yang witnessed the scene of Qianzhuang in the west of Suzhou at that time, so he repeatedly described the Qianzhuang city between Xumen and Shantang.

In the picture, there are 31 restaurants and snacks in the hotel restaurants: famous wine (6 repeaters). Hotel. tavern. vegetable dish. ravioli. Fine wontons (2 repeaters). Three fresh noodles. Noodle shop (2 repeaters). Large meat steamed buns (repeaters 2). Arranged banquets (2 repeaters, one of which has a two-story building and six facades). Hehe Hall, large meat steamed buns (two-story building, three facades). Five large dishes, arranged banquets. Tong Shu is not deceived, five big dishes. Meat and vegetarian snacks, home-cooked. This number arranges all kinds of banquets, five large wines (two floors, two facades), all kinds of snacks, home-cooked meals. Tea shop heart. Serve a snack. Fruits of all colors. Sanyuan Zhai, Yuanyuan Cake. Fragrant cake, steamed buns on the table. Cheese. Osmanthus dew, gyokuro cream, Yuanyuan cake, Taishi cake. Suzhou has a developed economy, a high standard of living, strong spending power, locals pay attention to food, and restaurants are famous. Shen Chaochu's "Remembrance of Jiangnan" word cloud: "Suzhou is good, the liquor store is half Zhu Lou, chi ri Fang Zhu opens the sill, the moon lights illuminate the street, and the elegant sitting column is shy." The Gentry of Suzhou in the Qing Dynasty had a hobby and reputation for "poor cooking". As far as the wind can reach, it is still near and far. Near the Tiger Hill Deliberate Bridge next to the Three Mountains Pavilion, founded in the early Qing Dynasty, formerly known as bai di old shop, "there are people who pass through the tiger hill, set up in the wind and rain, not enough to enter the city, that is, stop staying", cooking skills, praised by the people at the time, and then changed to pavilions, warm pavilions, business is booming, tiger hill before and after the residents have wedding and funeral banquets held in this hall, until Jiaqing still existed. Founded in the Mountain View Garden Restaurant next to the Yinshan Bridge, it is known for its fine wine and cuisine. These two restaurants, mostly built at the foot of Tiger Hill Mountain, are located in the shadow of the tower, dotted with the scenery of the stream and mountain, and are also the kongdao, so they are quite famous, and they both have the functions of food, accommodation, and banquets. In the picture, the restaurant located in Tongqiao with the sign of "arranged banquet", six bays, two floors, three rooms in the middle of a folded corner, the store is elegant and open, the front is facing the river, there is a bridge, the garden has trees, and the back is leaning on the mountain, which is quite a bit of the meaning of the Three Mountains Pavilion. Sanshan Restaurant sells as many as 149 kinds of Han chinese dishes and soup stir-fried snacks, such as mountain treasures and seafood, cooking and stewing, meat red and white, everything is available. There are as many as 26 types of dim sum. "There are eight pots of four dishes, four large and eight small dishes, five dishes, four meats and eight demolitions, and the difference between five gui, six dishes, eight dishes, and sixteen bowls", "the pots and plates are divided into twelve and sixteen, collectively referred to as 'Wai Xian', which is said to be surrounded by eight immortal tables". A restaurant with such a rich variety of dishes and famous halls is so diverse, and the grandeur of Suzhou is even more imaginable. No wonder people call it "Sioux people pay attention to food and drink at the time". And "Jinchang Garden Hall, where there is", if you talk about the number, there are more than Tiger Hill. The "five gui" in the picture originally means five kinds of dishes, and here "wu gui da cai" has become an adjective for the superior grade of dishes. Suzhou snacks, famous all over the world. Snack bars, pastry shops, delis, everywhere. Qianlong's "Chronicle of Wu County" says that wuzhong food has people who are famous because of time, people who are famous because of land, and people who are famous because of people. People who are named after people, such as wild ducks, are called Jiang wild ducks with the surname of Jiang; and kaoru hooves are called Chen hooves with the surname of Chen. During the Qianlong period, the business of lavender was also famous for its lu manuscript recommendation, which was used to burn with old juice and flourished in the Beijing division. In addition to the above-mentioned restaurant tea shop eating, the famous eaters in Qianlong were famous for their place names, including AnyaTang (unitary bun, left and right structure) cheese, beneficial Jai Lotus powder, Ziyangguan dried tea, Maofangxuan noodle cake, Fang Dafang sheep breast, Wen General Temple front milk rot, wild game field wild birds, Drum Tower Fang wontons, Nanma Road Bridge steamed buns, Zhou Dumb Lane dumplings, Xiao Yi Alley Inner Nail Head Cake, Shangeng Bridge Iron Bean, Hundred Lions Bridge Melon Seeds, Eyi Ke Baked Cake, JieQiao Tang Dumplings, Ganjiangfang News Zi, Tiger Hill Cloak Cake; those famous for mixed names, there are wild water chestnut cake dumplings, small jujube olives , Cao Hoop Bucket Taro, Peanuts in the Family Hall, Xiaoqinglong Candied Fruit, Zhou Ma Saddle Shou Wu Powder, etc., are all famous local special food. The 9th store of the "General Catalogue of Shops in Suzhoufu Street, Jiangnan Province" is the Meiyuanguan of "Pure Meat", the 13th store is the Senlu Zhai of "Exquisite Fruit Tea With Legal System", the 15th store is the "Meat and Vegetarian Rice" of this Olympic Hall, the 16th store is the ShangyuanGuan of "Jingjie Manchu Cake", and the 24th store is the Meile Hall of "Meat Vegetarian Noodles". Sugar shops such as Caizhizhai and Daoxiangcun have also set up special sugar food offices. At that time, Suzhou's non-staple foods have paid great attention to quality, maintained the credibility of the store number, and formed the characteristics of brand size, geographical outlook, seasons and other aspects. "Gusu Prosperous Map" faithfully shows the scenes of Suzhou's catering industry being particularly developed.

There are 13 in the pharmaceutical industry: pharmacies (2 repeaters). medicine. Ginseng shell tangerine peel. Chuanguang medicinal herbs, go upstairs to see the goods. Ginseng medicine old line, Chuan Guangyun gui miscellaneous goods. Pan ying plaster, all disease rejuvenation. Chuangui medicinal herbs, authentic medicinal herbs, cream dan, ginseng, pills (two-story building, four facades). Authentic medicinal herbs, pills scattered cream Dan, Uchidian ginseng, medicinal liquor. Mixed with ginseng. Ginseng in the shop, not two prices. Tangerine peel. Large square vein leaves. Suzhou is a famous doctor and also has many drug shops. The second store of the "General Catalogue of Shops opened in Suzhoufu Street, Gangnam Province" is Bohol Hall of "Picking Andikawa Hiroshi Herbs". Suzhou Medicine Shop has the custom of giving away Cangshu Baizhi for free every year during the Dragon Boat Festival. The medicine shop stipulates that if the purchase of drinking tablets is not satisfactory, it can be returned and exchanged, and the pill Dan cream powder is not returned. During the Xianfeng period, the same industry as the medicine shop established the Taihe Public Office before the old school, "paying attention to the way of collecting medicines, and the exquisite preparation of Kaobo". Suzhou made a variety of tin bottles of drinking sauce, divided into categories, symptomatic drinking, as many as more than 40 kinds. The flower dew made by Tiger Hill Yang Su Lou and Jing Yue Xuan, and the Yuqing Hall opened by Ge Shi in the west of Fengqiao Phoenix Bridge during the Qianlong Period, made by Ge Shi half a summer, specializing in the treatment of phlegm and cough, are well-known. It is like the bu toad jainty plaster, Lei Yun shang medicinal materials, are all famous products in the plaster. The medicine shop opened by Lei Yunshang, lei shufen, has appeared many times in the inscription. The medicinal materials shipped from other places are mainly concentrated in Nanhao, the so-called "medicinal materials of Nanhao". The merchants who traded in medicinal materials were mainly Jiangxi merchants and Henan merchants. Ginseng shops are mostly distributed in Zhangmenwai Street, the so-called "area where department stores intersect, and ginseng is particularly prosperous". Xu Yang painted a grand medicinal herb shop with four facades on Zhangmen Street, which vividly displayed the booming Suzhou medicinal materials market.

There are 7 tobacco companies in the picture: famous cigarettes (2 repeaters). Pucheng Jianyan. Dawen Tobacco Shop. All kinds of famous cigarettes, Pucheng tobacco line. Famous tobacco groceries. Pucheng Tobacco Row. At that time, the earliest tobacco cultivation in the south was fujian and Jiangxi provinces. The tobacco industry in Suzhou is mainly operated by merchants from Fujian, Henan, Jiangxi and Anhui Ningguofu. Tobacco merchants in Fujian and Henan, known as "Gonghe Tobacco Gang", specialize in trafficking Fujian and Jiangxi cigarette boxes to Suzhou for sale. During the Qianlong period, they built a guild hall in the fourth map outside the Gate of Zhangmen, opened a tobacco number, and built a gonghe yanbang wharf. The PiSiYan Gang in Yongding County, Tingzhou, Fujian Province, also planned to establish a Longgang Guild Hall in Suzhou. Tobacco merchants from Jing County and Taiping County in Ningguo Province also established the Xuanzhou Guild Hall under the southern city of Zhangmen during the Qianlong period, and their power continued to develop in the future. Suzhou, along with the smokers on the outskirts of the city, also established the Taiping Nunnery outside Xumen as a tobacco office. The tobacco industry in the picture mainly appears in these areas, which is indeed an image portrayal. The 14th store of "Suzhou Fu Street In Jiangnan Province" is the Qitai number of "homemade Zhejiang and Fujian famous cigarettes". Pucheng is Pucheng County, Jianning Province, Fujian Province, which is rich in tobacco leaves. There are three city moves of Pucheng tobacco in the figure, indicating that Pucheng tobacco occupies a dominant position in the Suzhou tobacco market, which is also consistent with the literature. Until the early years of the Republic of China, there were 11 tobacco shops in Suzhou, of which 10 were operated by Fujian merchants.

There are 5 southern goods in the figure: southern goods. North-South groceries. Jinhua ham. White Turtle Silverfish Old Shop (two floors, three facades). Ningbo light turtle, Nanjing plate duck, Nanhe cured meat, Jiaozhou pickled pig old line (three facades). Jinhua ham, Nanjing plate duck, Ningbo light turtle are all famous products, and the Suzhou market is naturally sold. Nanhedang refers to Shandong and Jiangsu in northern Jiangsu. The Jinhua ham in the Suzhou market is likely to be mainly operated by Jinhua merchants. In the fifteenth year of Qianlong, Jinhua merchants built a guild hall on Nanhao Street outside The Gate of Suzhou. The pickled wax and other goods in the Suzhou market mainly come from northern Jiangsu, Shandong, northeast and other places. During the Qianlong period, merchants from Yanzhou, Shandong and Xuzhou, Huai'an, Yangzhou, and Suzhou in Jiangsu province established Jianglu Public Offices outside Xumen, "and it was publicly agreed that all merchants who trafficked pickled wax, fish eggs, salted goods, peanuts, northern goods, and other goods should be sold to the Suzhou Investment Bank", which shows that the operators are mainly northern Jiangsu and Shandong merchants. In the seventh year of Qianlong, there were more than 240 merchants engaged in "pickled wax fish goods and brought together Suzhou Shantang for sale" with the merchants of Gaoyou and Baoying Counties in Yangzhou Province, and their Gaobao Guild Hall was located in the pond outside The Gate. It can be seen that there were many pickled wax shops between Zhang and Xu at that time, and the supply was sufficient. The most famous shop in Suzhou is Sun Chunyang South Shop. The store was originally located at the north entrance of Wuxiangfang in the late Ming Dynasty, and later moved to the west of Gaoqiao, and has been prosperous in the early Qing Dynasty. Its shop is "famous all over the world, and the things in the shop are also used in tribute". The shop is set up such as the prefecture and county yamen, with six rooms, such as the north and south goods rooms, the sea goods room, the pickling room, the sauce room, the candied room and the candle room, "the seller takes a ticket from the cabinet and ships to each room, and the manager is in charge of the program, one summary a day, one big knot a year... Its shop rules are strict, the selection system is exquisite, and there is nothing in the county." This most famous north-south goods store has existed for at least 240 years and has attracted the attention of many famous artists in the Qing Dynasty. Xu Yang, as a Suzhou native, is also familiar with this store. He painted a heavy stroke on the Shantang Bridge outside the Gate, recording two north-south pickled wax shops, one with 4 pieces of 18 characters in total, and one with a three-bay two-story building, compared with the literature, its authenticity is extremely rare. The 6th store of the "General Catalogue of Shops opened in Suzhoufu Street, Jiangnan Province" has the Yongji number of "Ham Fish Turtle Line".

There are 2 foreign goods companies: foreign goods stores (2 repeaters). Foreign goods refer to foreign goods such as pearls, elephant rhinoceros, sumu and Western imported goods from the outside world. Suzhou Foreign Goods Industry is said to have established the Yongqin Office in XiaoJiayuan, Fanmen Li, or it is said that before the Opium War, there was no independent industry, but was attached to the velvet industry. There are many foreign goods shops selling self-propelled foreigners on Shantang Street. The main business of foreign goods is Fujian and Guangdong merchants. In the tenth year of Daoguang, Fujian merchants donated money to the Sanshan Guild Hall, of which Yang Gang No. 32 was the first big gang.

There are 17 oil, salt, sugar and grocery industries: oil companies (2 repeaters). Official salt. Sugar rows. groceries. North and South groceries (3 repeaters). Grocery veterans. Jingsu miscellaneous goods. Suzhou and Hangzhou groceries. Su Guang groceries, send customers are not wrong. Chuan Guangyun Gui miscellaneous goods old line. Small ground sesame oil. Official salt, groceries. Fuxing No., grocery old shop, Yunguichuan Guangdong province grocery old shop (two-story building, three facades). Rinse the vegetable oil. Suzhou is the capital of the whole country, and the so-called "rare goods in all directions, there are no goods" can also be metaphorically described. Salt comes from Songjiang, the official monopoly, so it is called "official salt", declaring that it is not private salt. The salt boats gather in Nanhao and are transferred to villages and towns, so the town of Mudu in the picture is marked with an official salt shop. Jiangnan people like to eat sweet, and the sugar demand is large. Sugar comes from Guangdong and Taiwan, and the operators are mostly Fujian and Cantonese businessmen, and Chu Hua, a Shanghainese, said that "Fujian and Cantonese people came to sell it in February and March with frosting." During the Qianlong period, two-thirds of the sugar in the Jiangnan market came from Guangdong. Jiangnan people like to eat vegetable oil, so the city is listed as "Qing Qing vegetable oil". The 25th store of the "General Catalogue of Shops opened in SuzhouFu Street, Jiangnan Province" is the Hengfeng Number of "Selling Qingtong Vegetable Oil".

There are 5 pickle industries: sauce gardens. On a side dish. Sweet sauce side dishes. Secret side dishes. Fu sauce. Suzhou sweet noodle sauce, the world famous. "Four hours can be built, the volt is good", so the list of sauce shops is named "fu sauce". The 20th store of "Suzhou Fu Street In Jiangnan Province" is Dayou Sauce Garden. The sauce industry, at the time of Tongzhi, was divided into four gangs of Hui, Su, Ning and Shao, as many as 86, and there were sauce industry offices in Yanjia Lane, Dongcheng. Sauce shops are distributed throughout the city, and sauce shops are sold to sauce shops. The use of small dishes on the table refers to the fact that the emperor also used such small dishes. During the tour of Kangxi and Qianlongnan, the local tribute paid tribute to many Suzhou side dishes.

There are 3 charcoal shops: charcoal rows. Shangjiang Qingtan. Charcoal old line. The charcoal is charcoal and coal, and all that Suzhou needs is imported from other places. Charcoal mainly comes from Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi. "Shangjiang Qingtan" refers to charcoal from the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The charcoal merchants who donated money to jiangxi guild hall in the first year of Jiaqing are not small. Coal mainly comes from Henan and Shandong, mostly operated by merchants from Ningbo and Shaoxing, and coal offices were built in Nanhao Street in the late Qing Dynasty.

1 leather goods store: leather goods store, leather goods shipping, leather goods store (two floors, four facades). "Cowhide one industry, set in the gate". Suzhou nitro leather industry, mainly by jinling people, the rise of the early Qing Dynasty, Jiaqing years in the northwest corner of the city Longxing Bridge founded Qiu Ye Yunning (or Yunjin) public office, in The Gate from the merchants to buy cowhide, processed into military uniforms, riding boots, saddles, leather drums, suitcases, rain boots and so on. The picture shows a very grand leather shop located on Zhangmen Avenue, which is a leather wholesale store.

Hemp row 1: Hemp row. The hemp line should be a twine hemp rope line. The trading volume of Suzhou hemp is quite considerable, "white hemp is a commodity, prevalent in Suzhou", Yongzheng twelve years jiangxi merchants built the Wanshou Palace, white hemp industry "according to each carton of four points" donation, "within one year can collect more than 800 taels of credit", the annual transaction volume of 200,000 cartons.

Pig Line 1: Pig Line. Pig shop is a place for valet traders to trade pigs, mainly by the Changzhou capital Wuxi merchants opened, Qianlong twenty-seven years in shantang lotus bucket set up Biling villa, and then for the Biling guild hall, commonly known as "pig guild hall", "all the pig customers come to Suzhou investment bank sales, according to the number of goods, depending on the speed of sales, assess the market, valet trading."

Fruit industry 2: all kinds of fruit. Fresh fruit at four o'clock. The fresh fruit is a fruit shop. Most of the southern fruits are Fujian merchants, especially Fuzhou merchants. When Daoguang rebuilt the Sanshan Hall on Wannian Bridge Avenue in ten years, there was No. 16 Qingguo Gang Merchant.

1 musical instrument shop: Feng Mingzhai and Pipa Strings (upstairs and down). Strings are the common name of the three strings, and are the same instruments as the lute. Pipa strings immediately mean musical instrument shops. Suzhou is the land of silk bamboo opera, and this thing cannot be less. In the fifty-second year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Suzhou Weaving Li Xu once followed the intention of Sending Musical Instrument People to Beijing in Suzhou, which explained the development of Suzhou's musical instrument industry from one side.

2 fan shops: Ya fan (2 repeaters). Ya fan is a fan shop, folding fan, tuan fan, aoi fan will be available. Gu Lu called the banana leaves in dozens of fan shops in Shantang "sold to customers in eastern Guangdong" (many of them). Guangdong Xinhui is rich in sunflower leaves, Xinhui merchants sold them to Suzhou, so there is a Gangzhou guild hall in the east of Shantang Bridge, commonly known as "fan hall". Folding fan manufacturing is a master in Suzhou. Tuan Fan, there are silk and Luo, "lightly depicted thick embroidery, mostly used in other provinces and residents of newly married girls to send summer". The fan handle is based on shadow paint and purple-green carved calligraphy and paintings, and the inlaid gold is on the top, and Gu Zhentao said that Wang Suchuan carved the fan famous by personal name, which refers to the carving on the fan handle. This kind of fan shop, only shantang one place is no less than dozens, in the east and west two mountain temples gathered to price. The 18th store of the "General Catalogue of Shops opened in Suzhoufu Street, Jiangnan Province" is the Qingyun Hall of "Refining into the Palace Fan".

There are 3 boat houses in total: boat houses (2 repeaters). Boat row (two facades). Shipping houses are service industries that transport goods on behalf of passengers and transport passengers, and the goods must be insured by the honest shipping house registered with the government. Wu Zhongfu, a mid-Qianlong man, clearly states in his "Notes on Merchants and Merchants": "Those who write about the ship and are not close to their neighbors must not be afraid of themselves, and they must be issued by the pawn, and the future is known." There are evil people peeping, and they also think that they have roots and feet to understand, and they dare not be bandits. If the province of teeth is used with self-employed pods, the face of the person is unfamiliar, and the person who is handed over (i.e., cunning- introducer's note) can act. For a reason, you can't be careless! "The shipowner accepts the entrustment of the merchant or the cargo owner, counts the goods, concludes a contract of carriage with the principal, accepts all or part of the freight, and delivers the goods to the designated place or the designated pick-up person according to the requirements of the principal." The "Merchant's Handbook" also received a transport letter: "FeiHan and silver have been received." The goods are purchased according to the order, the star clothes (night - the introducer's note) are bought, and the selection is fine, and each is sealed according to the font size. Now hand over a certain (foot, boat) to rush to transport, pray to check the income item by item, its (foot, water) power has been paid a certain amount, hand over the goods, should find a number. Succumb to this. "In an important industrial and commercial city like Suzhou, the role of the boat house is even more prominent. In the thirty-eighth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Zhan Yuanxiang, a student from Wuyuan County, Huizhou, went to Jiangning to take the township examination, and in Suzhou, he bought things to travel to Tiger Hill and took a boat from Tiger Hill to go forward; three years later, he took the exam again, and spent 123 points in Suzhou, "calling the boat to Danyang". Two of the three shipping houses recorded by Xu Yang are opened in Zaoshi Street, where the goods are concentrated, and the other is located in Zhangmen, which is really a reflection of reality.

There are 6 tea rooms in the picture: tea rooms (4 repeaters). Taiping Tea Room. Pine Lotus Tea Room. Songluo is Anhui Songluo tea. Tea rooms are places where people rest, exchange information and even negotiate business. Shen Chaochu's "Remembrance of Jiangnan" said that "Suzhou is good, and the tea house is the most quiet." Yang envy pot cooking green snow, Songjiang eyebrow cake hot chicken fat, flowers and grass full of streets"; the kunshan people in the last years of the Kangxi Dynasty, "bamboo branches and words , Yan Suzhou" so-called, "ten embellished three tea rooms, a mile of jagged number of restaurants", are all portrayals of suzhou tea rooms. During the Qianlong period, Tiger Hill "surrounded by mountains, full of tea sheds". And most of them "build dangerous buildings and pavilions, and sell calligraphy and paintings to welcome tourists." This beautiful tea room is different from the tea shop in the downtown area, mainly for tourists, or the river to build a room, or set up by the mountain, customers taste tea and enjoy the painting and viewing, both cool, but also the lake and mountains. Moreover, at that time, the tea room also welcomed women to solicit business, and the chapter "Bamboo Branch Words • Yan Suzhou" is said, "The family row next to the Zhuming Temple, the lacquer water is clear and the characters are good." The bottom thing can not be invited to look forward to, it is better to live the signboard." Word tricks and belles have become an effective means of attracting customers. The tea room in Xu Yangtu has both tea shops in Zhang and Xu downtown, as well as a number of elegant seats in the scenic spots.

Bathhouse 1: Perfume bathhouse. "Perfume bathhouse" is the elegant name for public bathhouses since the Ming Dynasty. Ming Ren Lang Ying's "Seven Revision Drafts" records that the public bathhouse in Suzhou is "known as the Mixed Hall, and the list of its doors is called 'perfume'". This kind of "perfume bathhouse", in the Qing Dynasty, has been based on different service objects, set different prices, divided into three types: one is masonry for the pool, the roof is masonry into a ball of scoop shape, behind the pool for the giant kettle, the shape of the pool, reel to divert water, cave wall and storage. One person specializes in cooking fire, and the pool water is connected and gradually heated. This kind of bathhouse is called the steamed bun top mixed hall, the lowest level, the price is also cheap, a dollar of silver can wash a pool of people, often the bathing place of the negative sellers. The second is a white stone masonry pond, covered with a roof, known as a clear spring, which is a bathing place for ordinary citizens. The third is the plate clip for the room, the room is placed in a basin, lined on both sides, the ground is worn down, the fire is raised outside the wall, and the fire is passed through the lane, the lower drapery is pedestal, the price is more expensive, each person needs seven points, but even if the frost morning and ice night, it is also warm and spring melting, and people with more status and generous are usually washed. Suzhou has mixed hall alleys, and it is conceivable that mixed churches are common in Suzhou.

There are 2 flowers and trees in total: four-hour bonsai. Colorful flowers and plants, four-hour bonsai. Local documents say: "The people of Tiger Hill are good at using the porcelain pots planted by Pansong Gumei when hua Jiahui is planted, and place them as a play for several cases." Jiading people take white stone as a basin, three or four feet long, with Xuanzhou stone or Yingshi to form a small hill, the tree is not more than two or three inches long, the skin is pale, densely forested, imitating the Song and Yuan people's painting intentions, looking forward to the horizontal picture scroll. "In fact, flower and grass bonsai, Tiger Hill Shantang people are the best at it." Shen Chaochu's "Remembering Jiangnan" said: "Suzhou is good, small trees plant mountain ponds." Half an inch of green pine is dry and ancient, and a fist of wengu moss is moss. Gu Lu said, Huashu Shop, "Since tongqiao to the west, there are more than ten families." All have several acres of gardens, which are the places for raising flowers, which is called a garden field." Those who plant flowers and grass are called "gardeners", and can be used to pick calyxes, send branches, shear, and cut cuttings, "or have stacked and crushed Zhejiang stones in white stone rectangular pots, made of putty glue as a small mountain, and planted flowers and grasses on the top as a player". There are many kinds of flowers and plants, such as short pine, dwarf cypress, holly, etc., all of which are intricately rooted and vigorous; flowers are plum, apricot, plum, peach, grass orchid, magnolia, begonia, peony and other hundred species, and the grass and trees have cuiyun grass, awakening grass, step grass, auspicious grass, shyness grass, etc.; trees have iron trees, palms, plantains, cacti, shouxing bamboo, white bamboo, square bamboo, purple bamboo, etc.; fruit is more than 20 kinds of heavenly bamboo, bergamot, citron, grape, citrus and so on. These flowers and plants are "mostly produced in the Tiger Hill Benshan and the mountains of The Western Branch of the County, Guangfu and Dongting." Some of them are from the South Road, mostly sold to the North, and some from the North Province, more sold to the Southers. However, they must be cultivated by tiger hill flower farmers, and then bundled up to and from"; or "the flower artists are all from Dongting Mountain and Guangfu Township, and when they spend their flowers, they go to Shantang to sell them". It can be seen that Suzhou Shantang Tiger Hill Flower Market has become the largest flower and wood market in Jiangnan, not only a lot of local production, but also the production near and far is also concentrated there, and through more refined cultivation, it is on the grade and the sales price is high. During the Qianlong period, florists established a florist's office in Xiatang, Shantang Street. Xu Yang faced The Tiger Hill Flower Market in Shantang, And at bantang qiao and tiger hill, he recorded the four-hour bonsai flower and grass shops with three openings, and the shops had all kinds of bonsai and flowers blooming.

There are 3 inns in the picture: guest apartments (2 repeaters). Stacked room. The three inns are all distributed near Xumen, where there is Gusuyi, which is a necessary place for merchants to travel from south to north.

There are 11 other industries: Tianyuan. Lettering. Write a plaque pair. Rouge Palace Powder. Lantern grass old line. Divine phase (repeater 2). Minkukan. Fate meets the gods, the number of the six gods, and the mouth of the sperm (upstairs and down). Word measurement. Taiping altar, fuguo people. Mu Dazhan inscription, Tan Songpo engraving, are quite famous. Rouge palace powder is cosmetic. Lantern grass can be lit, but also as superstitious supplies, Jiangnan people believe in ghosts and gods, such shops have their own great uses. There are so many fortune-telling booths that you can imagine the mentality of the people at that time. As a native of Suzhou, Xu Yang is naturally familiar with the habits of the locals, and in his pictures, he does not miss this long-lasting phenomenon.

There are no wooden shops depicted in the picture. But at a ferry outside xumen' gate, two groups of large wooden poles were struggling to pass through, and several groups of small wooden bamboo poles had been moored on the west bank, and two people were transporting a bundle of bamboo poles. Jiangnan, centered on Suzhou, is seriously short of timber, and a large amount of timber is imported from the vast provinces of southern Anhui and the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River every year. The timber that arrived in Suzhou was mainly moored in Qimen East, Xihui and Fengqiao, and the wooden rows that traded timber were also concentrated there, the so-called "wood of the east-west confluence, the cloud and the water". In the three years of Qianlong, suzhou had 94 wood merchants with Huizhou merchants as the main body, and 5 wooden teeth, which shows that there were many wood shops at that time.

To sum up, Suzhou in the early Qing Dynasty was one of the few commodity centers that gathered goods from all over the country and even foreign countries, a famous silk production, processing and sales center in the country, the largest and most concentrated cotton processing and wholesale center in the country, the largest grain consumption and transfer center in Jiangnan region, a rare financial circulation center in the country, a center for engraving books and printing books, a well-developed gold and silver jewelry, copper and iron ware and jade lacquerware processing center, a clothing and shoe and hat center that pioneered the wind and led the trend, and a delicious food and beverage center that walked alone in the country. A well-equipped and well-served living center, a transportation center with convenient transportation. In a realistic way, Xu Yang drew the tricks of more than 260 shops that actually existed in Suzhou at that time in the "Gusu Prosperous Map", and displayed the prosperity of Suzhou, the most famous metropolis and industrial and commercial center in the country at that time, in an all-round and intuitive manner, leaving an extremely rare image record of the real scene other than the literature for posterity. As for the "fair trade", "Tong Sou no deception" and other business ethics to expose the city, it can be seen that the phenomenon of wanton fraud in Suzhou at that time was common, which is reminiscent of the description of Kangxi's "Suzhou Fuzhi": "The city is clever and can be a fake." Start with the transaction, then try, if the outside is considerable, non-trust also. Those who can recognize it, and then the best of it, the price is also different from the shibai. And the words in the form of "no two prices", while emphasizing that there is no bargaining, also have the meaning of flaunting the true price. Reflecting the prosperity of a city, there are more than 260 shop signs, which is unique in the similar works of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and it is meaningful that the content reflected in these city moves has corresponding documentary records, which can be generally sat down one by one. Showing the appearance of Suzhou in the early Qing Dynasty, there are both sweaty and cattle-filled literature and a realistic artistic treasure of "Gusu Prosperous Map".

"Gusu Prosperous Map" not only shows the prosperous scene of Suzhou Industrial and Commercial City in Shengqing, but also has a vivid image of all aspects of Suzhou's social culture at that time. Try to choose its typical one for a brief description.

(1) Examination of education and culture

"I don't know that Dakui is a public instrument in the world, and I even regard Weike as my family's relic." In the Ming and Qing dynasties, Suzhou people became the best test takers in the imperial examination, and before the large number of people, high proportion and ranking, it was rare in the country. In the Qing Dynasty, more than a quarter of the country's leaders were in Suzhou Province. There were so many titles that Wang Wan, a Suzhou native during the Kangxi Dynasty, praised Suzhou Zhuangyuan as a "native product" on the Day of the Ciguan, which made his colleagues who suppressed Suzhou's few specialties stammer. Yang Chaolin, the envoy of Jiangsu in the last years of the Kangxi Dynasty, also sighed: "In this dynasty, Kedi, Mo Sheng is on the left side of the river, and the Pingjiang Road, especially the Dingjia Cuixue, the crown of cultural relics, the beauty of the increase, the sea is called the most." "The first twenty years of Qianlong, which Xu Yang drew, was the period when the number of people in the Suzhou imperial examination was the largest. Suzhou is a profound source of humanities, thanks not only to its strong economic strength, but also to the development of school, county, government, and college education, and also to the good fashion of studying diligently, re-teaching and re-examination in the whole society, and the aftermath of social schooling, such as family training, the promotion of teachers and friends, and the influence of the environment, all of which make Suzhou people occupy the most prominent position in the examination of science fields. "Gusu Prosperous Map" also reflects many scenes of Suzhou people reading and taking exams.

There is a bookstore in front of Lingyan Mountain Village, and one librarian seems to be examining a schoolboy, the other two are reading books, and there is a servant sweeping next to it. The sight of the small village school is truly touching. This is the scene of Xu Yang's so-called "ten thousand volumes of books, or being employed by Mr. Wang's seat" in his self-trek.

To the west of lingyan mountain, there is a book building located in the middle of the lush forest of bamboo, one elder is waving, and the other is meditating. Many literati in Suzhou completed their pre-examination studies in this quiet environment. Wu Quan, who later constructed sui chu yuan, trained his son at his "Huangchuan Bookstore", and later his grandson Tailai finally graduated from high school.

In the west bridge of Shantang Bridge, there is also a righteous school. On the small door was written the word "Righteous Learning". In the three bookstores, the master is tutoring nine children, one of whom is punished to kneel, one is listening to the explanation, and the other seven are reading and discussing in the two bookstores. Yixue was set up for the poor children of the clan who could not afford to study, and was first created in the Fan Clan Yizhuang established by Fan Zhongyan in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the early Qing Dynasty, The number of Yizhuang in Suzhou began to increase, and most of them set up Yixue for the people to study. Jiang Wenhuan of gongbu langzhong set up a righteous school at the Caiyun Bridge in Bantang to teach the powerless children of the clan. Charities such as Qingjietang in the middle of the Qing Dynasty also set up yixue.

Suzhou is not only a humanistic source, but also a grand building of government and county schools, and a large number of students, which has become the main force of township and examination. Before becoming a student, all children should take the examination of the county and the province where they are located, that is, the county examination and the provincial examination. The "Gusu Prosperous Map" depicts the government examination held in Yamen, the prefect of Suzhou. Probably because there were too many candidates, or because of the serious proctoring, the prefectural examination was not held in the prefectural school as in other places, but was arranged in the prefectural court. Draped in red, test takers huddled together in two rooms, as if the exam was in progress. The gates and ceremonial doors were closed heavily, each official was closely guarded, the atmosphere was solemn, and the invigilators seemed to be waiting for the chief officer to assign tasks. This is what Xu Yang calls "three candle flames, or the field of the child". Such a solemn and grand government test scene painting may also be difficult to find. In front of the gate of the mansion, a temporary vertical plaque of "Tiankai Wenyun" was erected, with black characters on a red background, which was very eye-catching, and the front of the palace was full of deacons and onlookers. The archways on both sides of Yaqian Hengjie Street, the first on the right is "Wuzhong Tianfu", and the first one on the left is "Chunshen Old Ruins", showing Suzhou's profound cultural heritage. Yaxi is a commercial store, there is a "Sanyuan zhai" cake shop in the north of the road, a red signboard of the big book "Zhuangyuan Cake", a stationery shop on the south of the road, and also a big book "Zhuangyuan Examination Tool", "Three Famous Pens", "Examination Papers" and other city tricks. These market tricks cater to the psychology of candidates who are bent on taking a good place. All these, together with the Suzhou Fuxue, which can be seen far away through the Xumen City Wall, the props such as "Hanlin Yuan" and "Zhuangyuan and Di" in the Mudu Greeting Team, have created a strong cultural atmosphere of Suzhou's examinations, making people naturally associate the prosperity of Suzhou culture with the atmosphere of the whole society paying attention to examinations.

(2) Quyi silk bamboo culture

Suzhou is also a very famous opera center, Shen Chaochu's "Remembrance of Jiangnan" so-called "Suzhou is good, opera association palace business". Zhangfa "Bamboo Branch Words • Yan Suzhou" so-called "family songs and households sing ordinary things, three-year-old children know opera texts", "Bamboo Branch Words • Say Suzhou" so-called "no formal powder and smoke, seven or eight years to learn drama texts". In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Wujiang Huangzaizi's "Continued Suzhou" is more like "born a boy with a considerable appearance, and the songs of learning whiskers are moving and happy." The male body is partial to the female body, and the night and night accompany the elder official." Wu people originally had the ability to praise, good at the water town scenery in the lyrics, the ancient music house has "Wu Xiangxing", the early Tang Dynasty people said "Wu Sheng Qingwan, if the Yangtze River flows widely, gentle and slow, the wind of the national soldiers". Since the late Ming Dynasty, "Wei Liang's auxiliary creation is a new sound, Liang Bolong's system is a beautiful word", with Suzhou as the center of Jiangnan, "Gu Gu does not do, Jing is a new sound, bamboo and flesh are interspersed, and the sound is like silk hair". Since then, Kunqu opera has become popular throughout the country, forming two major tribes of South Kun and North Kun, and there has been a situation of "four square singers must be Zong Wumen". During the Kangxi Dynasty, it is said that there were as many as a thousand opera classes in Suzhou, of which the four major drama classes of Hanxiang, Ningbi, Miaoguan and Yacun were the most famous. The children of Liyuan became one of the two "native products" of Suzhou that the literati Wang Huan boasted. During the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods, Suzhou "opened opera gardens inside and outside the city" and performed theatrical performances" "day and night". In the middle and late Qianlong period, Suzhou concentrated more than 70 drama classes, from more than a dozen provinces across the country. It is said that there was no theater in Suzhou, and the folk paid the gods and entertained guests, and the excellent people performed on the curly boats in the Tiger Hill Shantang River, and the audience sat in the surrounding sand spaceships and cow tongue boats to watch. Because there was a danger of drowning in the water theater, yongzheng had someone drive the house as a theater, and then the group imitated, and soon there were more than 30 theaters, and the theater performance moved from the swaying water curling boat to the fixed and spacious theater garden on the shore. These theater gardens, because of the banquets of merchant halls, are distributed in the area of Jin and Zhang, which are flourishing in the city. On the occasion of Qian and Jia, "There are no less than ten places in the Gaijin and Zhang opera gardens, and there are banquets for the residents, all of which enter the theater garden, and for the convenience of hospitality, the livestock is cooked, and the guests and friends are full", which is called "the gold and the merchants gather, the banquet is all the time, there are dozens of theaters, and the daily performances are performed." The era in which Xu Yang lived was the most prosperous period of Suzhou opera, and the area around Jin and Zhang, which was depicted in the "Gusu Prosperous Map", was the place where the theater was most concentrated, so there were many dramatic scenes in the scroll.

Unfolding the picture scroll, just arrived at Mudu, in the hall of the river on the diagonal bridge, there were two people sitting opposite each other, one of them played the three strings, the other accompanied, holding an instrument that seemed to be a pipa, which was the famous Suzhou three-string pipa. This is a form of self-amusement for the people. The Kangxi Emperor also had a strong interest in three-string singing, and once asked Zhu Simei, an 80-year-old Nanfu teacher, "There are several tones in the pipa, and how did each tone originate?" Do you know such famous colors as big stone tone, small stone tone, and general tone? There are also Shen Sui, Huang Li and other tones, all asked to understand. Write Zhu Simei's reply to a clearer one." Kangxi and Qianlong's grandchildren each made six southern tours, and almost every time they held banquets and performed in Suzhou. Kangxi's fifth southern tour in 44 years stayed in Suzhou for six consecutive days, and Li Xu, a weaver in Suzhou, feasted and acted every day. Li Xu even "found a few girls and taught a class of dramas to send in, so as to win the emperor's laughter." As mentioned earlier, Jiangnan Weaving also selected to send musical instrument making masters to Beijing. During the Qianlong Period, the art of suzhou bomb evaluation had matured, and the famous lyricist Wang Zhoushi was once summoned to sing in front of the imperial court. It can be seen that Xu Yang recorded the scene of the three-string playing and singing, which is similar to the actual fu yinqi.

Later, in the first garden of Mudu Sui, there is a scene of a church meeting. The hall is lined with seats, and the high-level friends are full of people, and they are performing the hall show. Qianxuan is carpeted like a stage, and there are qingyi and tongzi performing on the stage, and the plot seems to be Liu Opera "White Rabbit", one of the four famous dramas of Southern Opera. The picture has been played to the scene where the biting navel lang goes out to hunt and chase the white rabbit and meets the mother. The one who sits on the ground and weeps is Li Sanniang, and the person who carries the barrel on his shoulder is the navel-eater who carries the water by his surrogate mother. This kind of plot drama, Jiangnan people are not tired of watching. Beside the Huaixu Bridge, there was a scene of a large family inviting Youling to perform on the platform. In the middle of the terrace, a woman sings and dances on it, with a light posture and graceful posture; there are two musicians next to it, one playing the pipa and the other pipe flute, accompanied by it. Two people sat in the hall, leaning forward slightly, about one guest and one master, and there were two waiters waiting next to them, and the woman in the boudoir next to her also listened to the truth. At that time, although there were already many theater gardens, the well-off home still liked to invite the drama class to perform in the hall at home, which was comfortable and comfortable. When the Huangchuan Wu clan was in full swing, it was the most fashionable thing to hold a church meeting. Xu Yang's picture is a portrayal of the entertainment activities of the literati in Suzhou at that time.

The picture scroll is in front of the Lion Mountain, and it is another scene of the Spring Stage Society. Under the banner of "Thank you to the Emperor", a colorful stage on the river is staging a social drama. There are three actors on the stage, a man dressed in black holding a small brass gong, an actress with a flower drum tied around her waist, and a man-like person who comes forward to make a play. This may be a play of "Playing Flower Drums" in the Ming Dynasty legend "Red Plum Record". This is a famous drama of the Qianlong period. There are three musicians in the back of the stage, commonly known as "scenes". Someone on its side is bringing a plate of pastries to the stage, as if to pray for the blessing of disaster relief. The audience was crowded, hundreds of people, and there were people from the field path or in small boats, from the old man with the staff to the children who accompanied the adults, and the hawkers who came to do business. The front of the stage has been crowded, and those who arrive behind can only stand on the bench and watch, and there are those who climb on trees and stand on the top of the cabin. Under the mat to the left of the stage, there are women watching the play. The viewers are all attentive, and the people who understand the drama seem to be pointing out and explaining. Chuntai social drama is an important form of mass entertainment. Gu Lu, a Suzhou native of Jia and Daoshi, remembered: "In February and March, Lihao City Xia, set up a stage in the wilderness, played a drama with money, and men and women gathered to watch, called the Spring Stage Drama, to pray for the prosperity of the farmers." Cai Yun's "Wu Qi" Yun: "Baoju Qianjia wind is not cold, incense dust ten miles of rain is still dry." When the lights fall, they perform spring stage plays, and then attract idle people to watch in the wild. Yuan Xuelan, a Native of Suzhou during the Xianshi Dynasty, said: "Huxiang drama set up a spring stage, and flowers come from the famous class city." The river mantle tea trees into a coaxing gathering, the Japanese oblique people plundered the society's money back. Villagers performed a drama on a spring day, known as a spring stage play. The woman's seat shed on the left side of the stage in the picture scroll coincides with the description of Zhang Fa's "Bamboo Branch Words And Suzhou": "If the stage drama is high and low, if it is big or small, if it is far and near, if it is on or in the sun, there is nothing next to it, and the family first sends women." The opening is waiting to be watched by people, and it is also seen that the team returns to the half-day spirit dissipation, and at this moment it is just leisurely watching. "Xu Yang, the inner court painting academy, not only painted the Shifu Hall, but also recorded the warm atmosphere of mass entertainment.

On the south side of the lively place Zhangmen Yuecheng, Xu Yang also painted a scene of jianghu selling art. At the foot of the city, a woman holding a long bamboo pole is performing a rope walk, and the entire South Pier is crowded with onlookers, and the shop friends upstairs are also pushing the window to watch. Suzhou, a rich and prosperous place, the jianghu artists who come here to make a living from all over the year, including monkey and lion dances, flying forks and fire swallowing, small qu lotus xiang, ten brocade tricks, etc., all kinds of things. Gu Gongxie, a qianlong scholar, said: "As far as Wusu County is concerned, foreign goods, leather goods, clothing, gold and jade, jewelry, ginseng medicine shops, theater gardens, cruise ships, liquor stores, and tea houses are like mountains and forests, and tens of millions of people are unknown. There is the luxury of tens of millions, that is, there is the physiology of tens of millions." Qianlong's "Chronicle of Wu County" also said: "Fortunately, there are extravagant families to drive them and use them for service, and they spend money as the cost of feasting and traveling, and all kinds of skills can be used for their wealth, that is, the vagrants must also dip the rest of the moist, so as to make a living." The jianghu selling scene that appears in the picture is a vivid portrayal of "the homeless people also have to dip the rest of the run".

In just one picture, Xu Yang chose typical scenes, painted brushes, and combined suzhou opera culture from elegant hall meetings, three-string pipa, Chuntai social drama to street juggling, in the form of a picture scroll, a more comprehensive and vivid display of the prosperity of Suzhou opera culture in the middle of the Qing Dynasty.

(3) Wedding customs and culture

Kangxi's "Suzhou FuZhi" contains local wedding customs: "Weddings are mediated, first Na Cai Yue Bai Men, and then Na Zheng Yue Xing, there is a way 'day has a make-up'." ...... Wuxian Xixiang wives are guided by small gongs. Women out of the cabinet, there is a ceremony of stepping across the saddle, hundreds of buns, surrounded by weft tents. The husband's family sent two bottles of wine and two things of chicken, known as 'hoofed chicken' and 'chicken singing wine' ceremony. Flower lantern drum music guides the introduction of cai public opinion, there are yinglong, lead color, Fu Xi, sitting on the bed, hezuo, and skimming the sideburns. The brother-in-law who is more than ten years old chooses his relatives to be 'bao', and the set up of the table is called '筵筵'. The bride is seen in the temple of the three dynasties, and appears on the seventh day, and is seen in the aunt as a gift, and in January, she returns to Ning. "After being engaged through a matchmaker, the man will send a bride price, a dowry, and a festival during the New Year's Festival, so the locals call it "the day has a make-up". This is the whole process of the man and woman from sending the betrothed to the bride's home after the new marriage.

"Gusu Prosperous Map" shows two wedding scenes. One is in the center of Mudu Town. In a large boat in the middle of the river, there is a four-person flower car on the bow of the boat, and there is a person in front of the palanquin to lead, and behind the palanquin stands a welcoming husband draped in red silk, and only two people in the cabin are looking outward. A small boat in front of the right side of the big boat, an 11-person kissing band, sitting or standing, blowing trumpets, blowing pipes, beating gongs, beating drums, is bustling. A small boat in front of the big boat was crowded with men and women carrying palm fans with the words "Hanlin Yuan" and yarn lamps with the words "Yuanyuan and Di". The wedding fleet is slowly passing through the bustling city of Mudu. Residents on both sides of the strait and on the street are watching and talking about this wedding fleet. It should be pointed out that for this wedding scene, Zhang Yinglin and Yao Shiying of the Suzhou Municipal Local History Compilation Committee made a plate explanation: "The ship carrying the words 'Hanlin Yuan', 'Zhuangyuan and Di' contains the words 'Hanlin Yuan', 'Zhuangyuan and Di' and other words, which seem to be the welcoming vessel of the Zhuangyuan Mansion. Bingkun's "Introduction and Appreciation of Qing Xuyang's "Gusu Prosperous Map" also takes "Mudu Town and Zhuangyuan Boat" as a sub-title, believing that "this is probably the river cruise ship that won the Title of The Hanlin Academy's return to the hometown, or it may be a welcoming boat.". In fact, at that time, folk wives also used to use the title of Hanlin Academy and the official court to pomp and circumstance to strengthen the scene. In the late Kangxi Dynasty, the Kunshan People's Chapter Law "Bamboo Branch Words , Yan Suzhou" recorded this interesting custom in its seventh year, saying: "The commoner marries a woman who is extraordinary, not in vain, carved silk in a brocade curtain, and decorated with delicate drama stories, or colorful silk, sarong, silk, and qiaozao people." As for the Chongji Pavilion, the hanging flower lanterns, four lifts and four supports, eight lifts and eight supports, all of which are not uncommon. Four red luo servants are made of shirts, not their own servants, that is, relatives and family, and they can no longer be obtained. However, they will face the golden flower of the boot, and the four people will be listed in front of the flower palanquin. Hundreds of pairs of flower lanterns There are those who are filled with lamp heads, and the family has bright palace lights and bright corner strange red lights, and the eunuchs of various townships are paired with lamps and lamps. When things go wrong, people will finish their lights. The red and black hat can be borrowed, the pan can be sent, and the wine and rice and the joy seal are also coveted. Or to dress themselves up, or to use them to the society, there will be a whip with a stick, and a long roar at the bay. As for the door-to-door cannon, it is especially common. Gao Shu slapped the title of Hanlin with the three words 'Hanlin Yuan' on red paper to paste it. Nowadays, the footman's family is 'quiet' and 'avoidance' gold signs, golden drums, flags, silver melons and other pieces, all of which are prepared. These accounts are simply notes on the above-mentioned ceremonial guards. Zhang Fa also recorded an anecdote: "In the past, When Zhou Bu'er of Suzhou was in Weiyang, the Weiyang people asked: 'Why don't the people of Ru Suzhou marry women?'" Zhou Yue: "Come also." The man said: "I used to live in Su, and I saw the umbrella and the palm fan of the Hanlin Temple." Bu Er tongue sword and lip gun, sometimes silent. Wang Yingkui in the early years of Qianlong also recorded that ordinary people in Suzhou used the word "Hanlin Yuan" as a ceremonial guard when they married: "Su customs who marry women, no matter what their family lineage is, they use palm fans, yellow covers, silver melons and other things, and they are accustomed to it, and they are ten rooms and nine, and the palm fan is especially glued with the three words 'Hanlin Yuan'. It can be seen that regardless of the scholars, when each family marries a woman, the palm fan is decorated with the word "Hanlin Yuan", which means the origin of the descendant Kodi. This scene is not a scene of marriage. Xu Yang's "Gusu Prosperous Map" allows us to glimpse the actual situation of folk marriage at that time in addition to the documentary records.

Another scene is in Huanglifang Bridge Lane. The husband's family has taken the bride to the house. Big red lanterns hang high, big red colored curtains are draped horizontally, red silk is hanging down, relatives, friends, adults and children are dotted among them, and the newlyweds are full of joy. The palanquin is still parked in the courtyard, and the dowry is lined up outside the door, and it is gradually moving to the new house. Amid the drums, the indoor wedding was taking place. The man's parents sat upright in the hall, and in the shouts of the old man's celebrant, it was already the second parent worship ceremony, on the big red prayer mat, the groom had already knelt down, and the bride leaned forward to bow down to the uncle. Outside the door, Hexi's relatives and friends are flocking to him. This is the concrete embodiment of what Xu Yang said in the tubao, "marry Zhu Chen, and make a gift in time.".

The two wedding scenes in the "Gusu Prosperous Map" interpret the folk wedding ceremonies in Suzhou in the mid-18th century vividly, which may be the only wedding pictures of that era, which is extremely precious.

(4) Garden scenery culture

Suzhou wins with the city, but also with the garden. Shen Chaochu's "Remembering Jiangnan" word cloud: "Suzhou is good, the city is half a garden pavilion." Several pieces of Taihu Lake heap (mountain law, upper and lower structures), a new rise to the satin, the landscape from the qingling. "After the rise of garden masonry in Suzhou in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the climax was set off in the early Qing Dynasty. What Xu Yang saw was the heyday of Suzhou gardens. Therefore, the "Gusu Prosperous Map" depicts many garden pavilions in Suzhou.

The first to enter the scroll was the Suichu Garden located in the ancient town of Mudu. Mudu is 30 miles southwest of Suzhou and is a famous ancient town since the Southern Song Dynasty. Kangxi's second southern tour in the 28th year went to Mudu, landing on Deng Wei and Lingyan Mountain, and Qianlong visited Mudu more times. Probably because of this, Xu Yang drew from Lingyan Mountain and traveled east from Mudu Town. The ancient town is not only prosperous in industry and commerce, but also has beautiful scenery, including Fayun Ancient Pine, White Pagoda Guifan, Nanshan Qingxue, Diagonal Bridge Water Division, Hongqiao Evening Illumination, Xiasha Falling Goose, Shantang Yuyin, Lingyan Evening Bell, Jiangtan Fishing Fire, and Xiajin Wangyue Ten Scenes. These ten scenes appear a lot in the "Gusu Prosperous Map".

Suichu Garden is built in Mudu East Street, by Wu Quan. Rong Zhai (钤字容斋), who served as the prefect of Ji'an in the last years of the Kangxi Dynasty, built this garden after returning to Tian. The whole garden pavilion Pavilion Pavilion Pavilion Xuanfang, interspersed with each other, the wall is covered with strange stones, embedded with ancient trees, and the famous flowers of Jia are planted in the middle, "the clouds are misty, and the anthers are jagged". Along the promenade west to southwest, it is a "dusty book house", which is deep and open, and the shade is like a curtain, which is suitable for sitting. Through the forest and north, it is the "Moon Pavilion", overlooking the clear stream, reversing the sky, and shaking a few seats, which is suitable for viewing the moon. From the pavilion to the east, with the embankment to the south, for the "listening canopy", it is advisable to lie down at night to listen to the rain. The east is "Gull Dream Xuan" and "Ningyuan Building", which is suitable for viewing. Climb the tower and look around, Guanwa West Ridge, Wuwu East Ring, Tianping North Barrier, Gao Feng South. The east of the building is a "Qing Kuang Pavilion", which is opened in a sparse cave, recruiting distant winds, and it is advisable to be in the wind. From the pavilion to the south, pick up the brick level, wear Merlin, towering but tall, for the "Hengxiu Pavilion". Climbing the pavilion and looking to the northeast, the flat domain is thousands of acres, and the strange is longitudinal. There is also a "leisure hall", a flat room deep nest, a window and a wall, cold and hot salty. At that time, not only was the garden in Mudu Town unparalleled, but even in the whole of Suzhou, it could be described as the "victory of the extreme garden". After the completion of the garden, Wu Quan asked Xu Taozhang, a fellow villager of the Fifty-fourth Year of the Kangxi Dynasty and who had also resigned from his post, to write a preface for the garden, and asked Shen Deqian, who was full of learning and later became the editor of the Hanlin Academy, to write a record. Quan sheng was born in Huangyuan, Huizhou, and lived with his father in Shanghai County, and then moved from Shanghai to Suzhou, because of the name of his hometown, his reading room was titled "Huangchuan Book House". The bookstore has tens of thousands of volumes, all of which are rare secret books, such as the Northern Song Dynasty's "Li Ji Shan Shu" that is rare in the world. Wuxia's well-known scholars, Huidong, and others all went to Cut, and the Wu family wrote a masterpiece as "Huangchuan WuShi". In the garden, Wu Quan "took the scriptures every day, trained his young son, and then ascended to the far horizon, and swept the mountains and sparkling shows", and traveled under the forest.

After Wu Quan's death, the books scattered. Quan's eldest son, Yi Yi, the number of humble nunnery, and the purchase of tens of thousands of volumes, more Than Song and Yuan rare books; the second son Chengzuo, the number of the temple, also re-searched, built three library buildings, the inscription "Happy Xuan", the shelf is full. Cheng Zuo has eight volumes of the Bibliography of Happy Xuan, eight volumes of the Occasional Manuscript of the Huan'an, and two volumes of The Small Treatise on Reading History. With Yi Zi Tai Lai, the character Qi Jin, the number Zhuyu, the talent of Ming Xiu, and through the yu yin of his grandfather and father, he was able to often linger with the famous scholars of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, Wang Chang, Wang Mingsheng, and sang among them, which was extremely prosperous. More than ten years later, Wu Tailai was admitted to the 2nd Rank 37th Rank in the Qianlong Twenty-fifth Year Examination, becoming the first Jinshi in mudu town in the Qing Dynasty. In the twenty-seventh year of Qianlong's southern tour of Emperor Gaozong, Tailai took the test and gave the cabinet a zhongshu. Later, in Beijing, he was on a par with the master of classics Hui Dong, and was known as the "Seven Sons of Wuzhong". When Xu Yang was drawing, it was the time when the Wu family was at its most beautiful, and it was also the time when the weather in Suichu Garden was at its peak. Unfortunately, the good times did not last long, and soon because of the brothers' struggle for property, the Wu family not only sold books, but even SuichuYuan sold to others. Ye Changzhi has a poem: "Outside the door Xiangxi sends guest sails, and the atmosphere is full of anthers full of spirit rocks." The pond is still surrounded by lonely mountain dreams, and the brothers are not salty. While describing the beautiful scenery of Suichu Garden, Ye Shi also expressed deep regret for the tragedy of the Wu brothers. Since then, the famous garden of a generation has changed hands several times, and has successively returned to Ge's and Xu's, and the garden has gradually been abandoned. Wang Ruyu, a Daoguang Gongchangzhou native, sighed: "The poetry and wine flow for a moment, and as many groups of Yan gather hairpins. Who visits the Wasteland today, only I will say the beginning. During the Guangxu period, it was purchased by Liu Shangxian, a Hengjin Xitang man who had resigned from Ninghai County, Zhejiang Province. Not long after, The Liu clan died, and the garden was abandoned. In the last year of Guangxu, Ye Changchi returned from Gansu and lived in the garden for several years to interview the posthumous text. By the "Mudu Xiaozhi" of the Republic of China in the tenth year, Suichu Garden had been listed as a monument, which showed that the garden had long been completely abandoned. Fortunately, while Xu Yang was recording the style of Mudu Town, he also painted the Suichu Garden in the prosperous period, and posterity was able to see the attractive scenery of Suichu Garden from the map.

After passing through xumen, under the west city of Wu Xiangfang, the picture scroll depicts a corner of Yilaoyuan next to the Office of the Cloth Administration. In the Ming Dynasty, Suzhou native Wang Jun, Zhengde first entered the cabinet to prepare for the aircraft, to the government to return to Li, happy to live in the mountain villa. His son Shang Baoqing Yanzhe modeled on the scenery of the mountains to build a garden to entertain him, so he was named "Yi Lao". This garden is built in front of the stream, next to the pillow summer driving lake, the city wall is surrounded by pheasants, and the noise is quiet. The garden has "Clear Shade To See Bamboo", "Xuanxiu Fangcao", "Fang Fang Laughing Spring", "Fusong Caixia", "Smelling Feng Shui Clouds" victories, and the next pillow Summer Driving Lake is a lotus pond. In the garden, Wang Jun, together with the best Shen Zhou, Wu Kuan, Yang Xunji, and his disciples Wen Zhengming and Zhu Yunming, sometimes had literary and wine meetings, and they enjoyed the rewards and enjoyed themselves. Wang Jun's self-titled sentence cloud said: "King Wu has a remnant of summer, and he specially raised the pavilion to thank you for jin." ...... Green poplar moving shadow fish blowing the sun, red buds leaving fragrant oysters to protect spring. Wen Zhengming and ZuoYun: "The famous garden is curved with the city, and the water is actually far away." ...... Jiangnan white ramie welcomes the new summer, and after the rain, the lonely flower hall is late spring. "The master and apprentice sing harmony, while flaunting the ambition of The Garden, are quite proud of this beautiful scenery. In the first year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Wang Jun's mansion was rebuilt into Suzhou Buzheng Si ya, and there is still a garden garden.

At the end of the mountain pond, the painting is close to the Tiger Hill, which is a natural scenery of mountains and rivers. Compared with the famous gardens in the city, although the Shantang Garden does not have a rockery cloister and pink walls and flower shadows, the mountains and rivers are beautiful and the water is spirited, and the natural interest is self-contained, and there is no natural artistic conception of remote tranquility and no false carving. Yuan Xuelan praised: "Fuqi Shantang Seven Miles, Flowing Yanxu River; Water Pavilion Thousand Homes, Door Through Painting Boat." The flag pavilion is full of wine, and the songs are all famous sisters; the poetry club is inscripted, and every talented person wins the gold medal. "This is a great place for literati to relax and lose their souls. On both sides of Shantang Street, celebrity first house gardens can be seen everywhere. For example, xixi has a tortoise meng residence; in the south of Benshan Bridge, there is a Yunyang Caotang that Gu Ling rebuilt on the site of Taying Garden, and there are scenes such as leaning bamboo mountain houses, Songfeng bedchambers, and Zhaohuai Pavilion; in the east of Tonggui Bridge, there is the Yuhan Hall and Zhenqu Garden of Wu Yipeng, a scholar of the Ming Dynasty; in Bantang there is Wang Zhideng's residence, Lu Guangming and his brother Zhonghe House, a house of a generation of famous Shu Dong Xiaowan; in Shantang there is the residence of the poet Lou Jian, the old Jiang Yan brothers who left the late Ming Dynasty; in Caiyun there is the East Garden and West Garden of Xu Shitai, a young servant of the Wanli Dynasty, and there is Dong Ya Tang, which contains the school magazine Song Ben "Han Chang Li Ji", which has a high hall on the side of the hall "Ruiyun Peak", made of Taihu stone, is more than 3 zhang high, there are stone screens, 3 zhang high, and 20 zhang wide, "exquisitely carved, like a painting". Shantang flower market, and there are flowers in all seasons, Yuan Xuelan said: "Weeping Yang Duo Ping painting Lou Sheng, smoke moon spring river mirror flat." Pressing the red incense to compete for the market, Shantang sells flowers all the way. "The scenery is picturesque, the fragrance of flowers is fragrant, and the sound of flowers being sold is not mesmerizing." This is also the charm of Qili Shantang since the Ming Dynasty.

Tiger Hill is the essence of Suzhou's mountain forest scenery, the so-called "Tiger Hill is the smallest among the mountains, and the famous attractions are special". Tiger Hill is a sea surge mountain, also known as Tiger Fu. Legend has it that King Wu was buried at the foot of the mountain, and three days later a white tiger stepped on it, because of the name Tiger Hill. Tang avoided Li Hu and changed his name to Wuqiu. Although Tiger Hill is only a small hill, it is known as the first scenic spot in Wuzhong. After the Fall of the Tang and Song Dynasties, Tiger Hill became a world-famous tourist attraction. At the top of the hill there is a pagoda of the five generations of Yunyan Temple. There are also sword ponds, Lu Yujing, Tiehua Rock, White Lotus Pond, Xian Xian Spring, ShengGong Pulpit, Thousand People Sitting, Nodding Stone, Zhenniang Tomb and other monuments. Tiger Hill is also one of the few cultural attractions. The four characters of the Tang Dynasty calligrapher Yan Zhenqing's handwritten "Tiger Hill Sword Pond" still exist today. On the Tiger Hill there are the residences of the Yuan dynasty painter Zhao Mengfu, the Shen zhuting of the Ming Dynasty Shen Boda, the Xu Youzhen Reading Office, the Shen Zhou Yushe, the Wang Clan Beiye of the Wang Ting, the Yuan Clan Beiye of the Ceremonial Department Wailang Yuan Xiang, the Residence of Wen Zhengming's brother Wen Boren, the residence of Sun Yunqiu, who made glasses, the residence of Chen Pengnian, the governor of Suzhou, who was honest and honest, and so on; next to the Sword Pond there is the residence of the Ming Dynasty scholar Shen Shixing; on the left side of the mountain gate there is the Qiunan Caotang where wang Huan, a famous scholar of the early Qing Dynasty, read; and the Yunyin Nunnery has the reading place of Zhang Fengyi, a literary scholar of the late Ming Dynasty. In the sixth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, the Fushe held a huge Tiger Hill conference on the seats of a thousand people, which made posterity return to their intestines. Kangxi and Qianlong's grandchildren each made six southern tours, each visiting Tiger Hill and giving poems and inscriptions. The works of the literati of the past generations are even more unknown. Viewed from the picture, the temple building of Tiger Hill Temple is all in the painting. From the bottom to the top, there are zhengshan gate, ershan gate, fifty-three ginseng, three mountain gate, Daxiong treasure hall, thousand Buddha pavilion, Galan hall, the highest point is the Yunyan Temple Pagoda, the mountainside has two cliffs of stone beams flying frame, commonly known as "double hanging barrel", under which is the famous sword pool. The Sword Pond is also the most scenic spot of Tiger Hill, so the "Tiger Hill Sword Pool" has become a symbol of the ancient beauty of Suzhou. After the "Prosperous Map of Gusu", in the last years of Qianlong, there were Lu Zhaoyu and Ren Zhaolin's "Hufu Zhi", and the front of the volume was painted with "Tiger Hill Mountain Pond Map", "Qianshan Map", "Houshan Map", "Hufu Ten Scenic Maps", etc. Although the cultural relics and monuments are listed in detail, there is no colorful picture scroll.

To sum up, the era of Xu Yang's drawing was at the peak of Suzhou's economic and cultural prosperity, and the one-axis "Gusu Prosperous Map" not only showed the noisy Khotanese city of Suzhou at that time, but also displayed the rich content of Suzhou culture, such as imperial examination education, opera silk bamboo, wedding customs, garden art, etc. Many of the scenes in the figure are either difficult to show in the literature or can make up for the lack of literature, and have become extremely rare tangible and valuable heritage for recording Suzhou culture. Compared with the related pictures before and after it, the "Gusu Prosperous Map" has more irreplaceable value. Reflecting the prosperous scene of Suzhou, before this map, there is Wang Yi's Kangxi "Southern Tour Map", after this map, there are Qianlong's "Southern Tour Map" painted by Xu Yang and the pictures painted by the British envoy Ma Jiaerni's entourage in the last years of Qianlong, these pictures not only depict Suzhou, but their part about Suzhou naturally cannot be compared with the "Gusu Prosperous Map". Reflecting the prosperity of the Ming and Qing dynasties, before the "Gusu Prosperous Map", there was the "Nandu Fanhui Map" that reflected the style of Nanjing around the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, the "Imperial Capital Jisheng Map" that reflected the prosperity of Beijing during the Wanli Period, and the "Shangyuan Lantern Color Map" that reflected the style of Nanjing's southern city during the Wanli Apocalypse. These maps have recorded many cultural scenes of shops and cities, but if the number and richness of the content are, it can be said that the "Gusu Prosperous Map" is far better than the previous various pictures; these pictures are not drawn with the exact age, and some are difficult to determine what the place is, so it is necessary to discuss the exact era and the clarity of the depiction, and give up the "Gusu Prosperous Map" without him. Compared with the "Nandu Fanhui Map" and Kangxi's "Southern Tour Map", its artistic standard may be slightly inferior, but the rich information it provides to the world about the suzhou city culture at that time is different from the similar picture scrolls of the previous century or two. The "Gusu Prosperous Map" can be called a valuable cultural heritage of human culture that comprehensively displays the urban style of Suzhou, the economic and cultural center of China in the early and mid-18th century.

Source: Shi Lin, No. 5, 2003, and Jianghai Journal, No. 5, 2005