Zhu Zhishan, Tang Bohu, Wen Zhengming, and Xu Zhenqing are collectively known as the "Four Talents of Wuzhong". Zhu Zhishan's big name is Zhu Yunming, the word Xi Zhe, born in December of the fourth year of Tomorrow Shun (1461), because of the birth of a branch finger, so the name of the branch mountain, the branch finger is born.
Zhu Zhishan's family background makes many people envious, his grandfather Zhu Hao is the orthodox period of the Jinshi, the official to Shanxi Buzheng Division right to participate in politics, participate in political affairs, "Gusu Zhi" said that "the official is sensitive, the poetry and literature are proficient, the speech is moving, and the hearer is shocked", is undoubtedly a well-educated person. Maternal grandfather university scholar, martial arts Bo Xu Youzhen, Xuande eight years (1433) Jinshi, "Gusu Zhi" has a legend, called "short and concise, its learning from the heavenly official, geography, the art of war, canals, yin and yang, Fangshu all-encompassing, the poems are majestic and beautiful, the words are particularly wonderful." Late and like to make cursive, easy to change, people can not reach", not only erudite, but also "like cursive" and "people can not reach", can be called one of the founders of the Wumen calligraphy school. After growing up, Zhu Zhishan married the daughter of Li Yingzhen, a master of calligraphy and painting. Li Yingzhen is a scholar in the Chenghua period, and later the official to Nanjing Taifu Shaoqing, "Gusu Zhi" its biography said that "Yingzhen is good ancient erudite, seal, Kai into the character", it can be seen that it is quite profound in calligraphy.
Zhu Zhishan was influenced by his grandfather when he was young, and was guided by Li Yingzhen when he was young, so he has unique conditions in calligraphy. At the age of 5, he can write large characters with a diameter ruler, and at the age of 9, he can write poems. Slightly longer, well-read, the article is quite strange, especially the work of calligraphy, the small Kai is strict and simple, the cursive gesture is flying, Qianlong's "Changzhou County Chronicles" is said to be "calligraphy bell, king, down to Europe, Yan, Su, rice, all sophisticated, and especially horizontally, Zhang Dian, Huaisu is not enough to do more", is a well-deserved calligrapher.
However, it was not until the fifth year of Hongzhi (1492), that is, at the age of 32, that Zhu Zhishan, who became a "master of the people", failed many times. The most ironic thing is that in the sixth year of Zhengde (1511), Zhu Zhishan, who was in his early fifties, went to Beijing with his son to take the exam. Three years later, Zhu Zhishan went to Beijing again for the exam, but still did not return. In the end, Zhu Zhishan really had no choice, and through the selection of the officials, he finally stepped into the official career and became the magistrate of Xingning County, Guangdong. At that time, he wrote a poem: "Fifty-six years of dedication, and wandering leaves and early spring." Bai Lantern chanted a remnant sentence to the wall, and Jiang Yu knocked on the window to dream of the old man. ”
Zhu Yunming's "Zhengde Xingning Chronicles" contained in Qianlong's "Xingning County Chronicles" of the Qing Dynasty
In the first year of Jiajing (1522), Zhu Zhishan was transferred from Xingning Zhi County, Huizhou Prefecture, Guangdong Province to Ying Tianfu General Judgment, so he was called "Zhu Jingzhao". In the second year of Jiajing, he returned due to illness. Jiajing died in the fifth year and was buried in Hengshan Danxiawu ancestor.
As a calligrapher who has made a name for himself in the sea. Zhu Yunming once formed an indissoluble bond with Xiuzhi. Hongzhi changed the yuan. The edict of the Chinese and foreign divisions, the compilation of deeds, reported to the history museum as a record (that is, "Xianzong Record"), Suzhou by Zhu Yunming and several other disciples to participate in the matter. Zhu Yunming by the way compiled the characters of Suzhou after Tianshun, compiled into 6 volumes of "Su Cai Xiao Compilation", the book is divided into five parts, such as hairpins, hills and ravines, filial piety, female constitution, Fangshu, etc., including Xu Youzhen, Du Qiong, Zhu Hao and other characters 30 biographies, is a character monograph. It has been included in the "Wuzhong Zhongzhi Series" of "Suzhou Local History and Culture Readers" published by Guangling Publishing House in December 2004.
Because of a "cultivation experience", Zhu Yunming was listed as a "fellow practitioner" in the "Gusu Zhi" "Xiuzhi Mingshi" written in the first year of Zhengde, and it was obvious that he also participated in the compilation of the Zhishu, so he had a further understanding of the editing and function of the Zhishu.
In the tenth year of Zhengde (1515), when Zhu Yunming served as the magistrate of Xingning County, he wanted to read the local local chronicles and understand the local conditions, so as to implement the government accordingly. As a result, "the people who asked, the unique Yin book (Yin Junyu wrote at the end of Chenghua) woodcut is stored in his home, and he reads it, and there are many simplifications, and it is very beneficial to repeat the mistakes and knead, and he is very tired of watching. ”
Although there was once a person surnamed Yin who compiled a local chronicle, it was "very simplified" and there were many mistakes, so I couldn't bear to read it. Feeling this, Zhu Yunming instructed his disciples Zhang Tiantian, Liu Tianxi, Wang Xixian, Li Zhen, etc., in Bingzidong (1517), to use Yinshu as the base, collect what they have seen and heard, make up for the omissions, and put aside the pen. And with Hongzhi's experience in participating in the "Records of Xianzong", the compilation and revision of "Su Cai Xiaoshu", and the compilation of Wang Weizhengde's "Gusu Zhi", he personally "eliminated it a little and compared it into a book", titled "Zhengde Xingning Zhi", which is different from the old chronicles. It is said that the establishment of the Zhishu, that is, the style and framework of the Zhishu, are all based on the meaning of Zhu Yunming, as if he was a competent chief practitioner.
It is a pity that there are very few copies of this inscription, and only the first volume of the Zhengde inscription is still in the Wenzhou City Library (according to the "Joint Catalogue of Chinese Local Chronicles"). Fortunately, the Suzhou Museum has 4 volumes of Zhu Yunming's manuscript "Zhengde Xingning Zhi" donated by Gu Gongshuo's family, with a total of more than 15,100 words. The whole book is written by Zhu Yunming Xiaokai, there is a lot of Zhong Wang's penmanship, once the old Tibetan Wang Shimao family, the book has the seal of "Yaoya Wang Jingmei's family collection of books" as evidence. Later, it was collected by Gu's Cloud Building in Suzhou, and there is a "Gu Linshi" collection seal to prove it.
Judging from the annotations and eyebrow marks on the manuscript, it is clear that this is not the final version. This point can be confirmed by the text of Zhu Yunming's preface recorded in Jiajing's "Xingning County Chronicles" "and returning to the county to regard it, and it is still a lot of relics, and it is written into five volumes because of the repetition", which can be confirmed that the whole book of this chronicle should be 5 volumes, while the manuscript is only 4 volumes, which is obviously not complete. However, as the earliest book of the old chronicles of Xingning County, and the manuscript of a generation of calligraphers, it is worthy of the common treasure of the chronicles researchers and calligraphy lovers.
It is reported that the ancient book library of the Suzhou Museum, the owner of the manuscript, has been included in the list of the first batch of key protection units of ancient books in Jiangsu Province, and the journal has been included in the first batch of rare ancient books in Jiangsu Province announced by the provincial government (Su Zhengfa [2009] No. 28).
In October 1962, the Shanghai Editorial Office of Zhonghua Book Company photocopied Zhu Yunming's manuscript "Zhengde Xingning Zhi" under the title of "Zhu Zhishan's Handwritten Zhengde Xingning Zhi Manuscript". The first volume contains the following titles: Volume 1 sets up the establishment of counties and counties, the cause of the revolution, the division of fields, the territory to the arrival, the city god, the township capital, and the mountains and rivers; the second volume contains the official offices, schools, temples, palaces, fangmo, Jinliang, Buzhai, and temples; the historical sites; the third volume contains household registration, customs, talents, sections, products, and levies; and the fourth volume contains officials, dictionaries, and miscellaneous records.
From the planning of the chronicle to the content of the text, it is enough to show that Zhu Yunming has profound historiographical accomplishment and rich experience in cultivating the chronicles, and has elevated Fang Zhi to the status of a work. However, Zhu Yunming deeply felt that "compiling things is like chasing the dead and searching for it, and only the strength is insufficient; if the publication of falsehoods is reasonable, the eternal illness cannot be loved" (Zhu Yunming, "Zhengde Xingning Zhi Self-Introduction"). With such an attitude towards the compilation of the chronicles, it is no wonder that "The Records of Calligraphy and Painting of the Cloud Building" called it "strict in order, detailed in assessment, and commendable".
According to Qianlong's "Suzhou Mansion Chronicles", in addition to the aforementioned "Su Cai Xiaoshu" and "Xingning County Chronicles", Zhu Yunming also has four volumes of "Nine Dynasties and Wild Records", "Records of the Legacy of the Revolutionary Dynasty", "Records of the Annihilation of the River and the Sea", one volume of "Reading Notes", one volume of "Records of Former Stories", one volume of "Martial Arts", one volume of "Dazhong Relics", one volume of "Words and Deeds of the Imperial Servant", one volume of "Zhu Zi Xiaoyan", one volume of "Silkworm Clothes", two volumes of "Floating Things", two volumes of "Zhu Ziwei", fifty-five articles of "Zhu Zitong", and "Zhu Zi Heterozygous Stone Deed" One volume, 40 volumes of "Four Editions of Strange Words", 7 volumes of "Zhu's Small Collection", 30 volumes of "Zhu's Collection", 30 volumes of "Huailitang Collection", etc., have written a lot.
According to the official history and Fang Zhi, Zhu Yunming served as the magistrate of Xingning County for nearly 6 years, which was the most important local political experience in his life. In addition to the change of customs and the arrest of thieves emphasized in his epitaph, according to the records of local chronicles, he also included the construction of the City God Temple, the Guandi Temple, the Discipline House, the Heshan Rock Temple, the Ying'en Pavilion, the Hushan Shenglan Pavilion, the Stone Pi and the irrigation canal, and many other projects, and he was also a good official who was diligent and loved the people. Chen Qidi
[This article was originally published in Jiangsu, reprinted with permission]
Proofread by Li Haihui
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